Fundamentals of General, Organic and Biological Chemistry in SI Units

976 Pages·2017·64.297 MB·English

by  John E. McMurry et al.

Periodic Table of the Elements
Main groups Main groups
1A
8A
1
Period 18
1 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2
1 H He
1.00794 2 Transition metal groups 13 14 15 16 17 4.00260
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.01218 10.81 12.011 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984 20.1797
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.98977 24.305 26.98154 28.0855 30.9738 32.066 35.4527 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.0983 40.078 44.9559 47.88 50.9415 51.996 54.9380 55.847 58.9332 58.69 63.546 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.9216 78.96 79.904 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.4678 87.62 88.9059 91.224 92.9064 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.9055 106.42 107.8682 112.41 114.82 118.710 121.757 127.60 126.9045 131.29
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba *La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9054 137.33 138.9055 178.49 180.9479 183.85 186.207 190.2 192.22 195.08 196.9665 200.59 204.383 207.2 208.9804 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn
[phone] 227.0278 (261) (262) (266) (264) (269) (268) (271) (272) (285) (284) (289) (288) (292) (293) (294)
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Lanthanides Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.12 140.9077 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.965 157.25 158.9254 162.50 164.9304 167.26 168.9342 173.04 174.967
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Actinides Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0381 231.0399 238.0289 237.048 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
Metals Metalloids Nonmetals
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological
Chemistry
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological
Chemistry
Eighth Edition in SI Units
John McMurry
Cornell University
David S. Ballantine
Northern Illinois University
Carl A. Hoeger
University of California, San Diego
Virginia E. Peterson
University of Missouri, Columbia
with contributions by
Sara Madsen
and SI conversions by
Christel Meert
Hogeschool Gent
Andrew Pearson
Griffith University
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Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 8th Edition, ISBN
978-0-13-401518-7, by John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, and Virginia E. Peterson published by Pearson Education © 2018.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 10: 1-292-12346-X
ISBN 13: 978-1-292-12346-2
Typeset by Lumina Datamatics, Inc.
Printed and bound in Malaysia
About the Authors
John McMurry, educated at Harvard and Columbia, has taught approximately
17,000 students in general and organic chemistry over a 30-year period. A profes-
sor of chemistry at Cornell University since 1980, Dr. McMurry previously spent
13 years on the faculty at the University of California at Santa Cruz. He has re-
ceived numerous awards, including the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship (1969–1971),
the National Institute of Health Career Development Award (1975–1980), the Al-
exander von Humboldt Senior Scientist Award (1986–1987), and the Max Planck
Research Award (1991).
David S. Ballantine received his B.S. in Chemistry in 1977 from the College of
William and Mary in Williamsburg, VA, and his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1983 from
the University of Maryland at College Park. After several years as a researcher at
the Naval Research Labs in Washington, DC, he joined the faculty in the Depart-
ment of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Northern Illinois University, where he
has been a professor since 1989. He was awarded the Excellence in Undergradu-
ate Teaching Award in 1998. Since then, he has served as the coordinator for the
Introductory and General Chemistry programs, with responsibilities for supervision of supervising
the laboratory teaching assistants. He served as the departmental director of undergraduate studies
from 2008 to 2014 and is currently the associate dean for undergraduate affairs in the College of
Liberal Arts and Sciences. He continues to teach in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.
Carl A. Hoeger received his B.S. in Chemistry from San Diego State University
and his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin– Madison
in 1983. After a postdoctoral stint at the University of California–Riverside,
he joined the Peptide Biology Laboratory at the Salk Institute in 1985, where he
supervised the NIH Peptide Facility while doing basic research in the d evelopment
of peptide agonists and antagonists. During this time, he also taught general,
organic, and biochemistry at San Diego City College, Palomar College, and Mira-
mar College. He joined the teaching faculty at University of California–San Diego (UCSD) in
1998. Dr. Hoeger has been teaching chemistry to undergraduates for 30 years, where he continues
to explore the use of technology in the classroom; his current project involves the use of video
podcasts as adjuncts to live lectures, along with the use of tablets to deliver real-time lectures
with slide annotations. In 2004, he won the Barbara and Paul Saltman Distinguished Teaching
Award from UCSD. He is deeply involved with both the general and organic chemistry programs
at UCSD and has shared partial responsibility for the training and guidance of teaching assistants
and new instructors in the Chemistry and Biochemistry department.
7
8 About the Authors
Virginia E. Peterson received her B.S. in Chemistry in 1967 from the University of
Washington in Seattle and her Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1980 from the U niversity
of Maryland at College Park. Between her undergraduate and graduate years, she
worked in lipid, diabetes, and heart disease research at Stanford University. Fol-
lowing her Ph.D., she took a position in the Biochemistry Department at the Uni-
versity of Missouri in Columbia and is now professor emerita. When she retired in
2011, she had been the director of undergraduate advising for the department for 8
years and had taught both senior capstone classes and biochemistry classes for nonscience majors.
Although retired, Dr. Peterson continues to advise undergraduates and teach classes. Awards
include both the college-level and the university-wide Excellence in Teaching Award and, in 2006,
the University’s Outstanding Advisor Award and the State of Missouri Outstanding University
Advisor Award. Dr. Peterson believes in public service and in 2003 received the Silver Beaver
Award for service from the Boy Scouts of America. In retirement, she continues her public service
activities by participating in a first-year medical student mentoring program and her more than
25-year commitment to the Boy Scouts of America as an active adult volunteer.
Sara K. Madsen received her B.S. in Chemistry at Central Washington University
in Ellensburg, Washington, in 1988 and her Ph.D in Inorganic Chemistry at the
University of Wyoming in 1998. She has been teaching since 2001. The beginning
of her teaching career started with a one-semester survey course and moved from
there to courses in general, organic, and biochemistry, general chemistry, organic
and inorganic chemistry for undergraduates, and inorganic chemistry for graduate
students. She loves helping students develop the connections between ideas and
concepts and, above all, exposing their realization about how chemistry is involved in their pro-
gram of study or professional path.
Brief Contents
Features 16
Preface 18
1 17
Matter and Measurements 34 Carboxylic Acids and Their
Derivatives 556
2
Atoms and the Periodic Table 76
18
Amino Acids and Proteins 588
3
Ionic Compounds 106
19
Enzymes and Vitamins 624
4
Molecular Compounds 134
20
Carbohydrates 660
5
Classification and Balancing of Chemical
21
Reactions 170 The Generation of Biochemical
Energy 692
6
Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass
22
Relationships 196 Carbohydrate Metabolism 724
7 23
Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, Lipids 748
and Equilibrium 218
24
Lipid Metabolism 774
8
Gases, Liquids, and Solids 250
25
Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism 796
9
Solutions 288
26
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 814
10
Acids And Bases 324
27
Genomics 840
11
Nuclear Chemistry 362
28
Chemical Messengers: Hormones,
12
Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Neurotransmitters, and Drugs 858
Alkanes 390
29
Body Fluids 882
13
Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic
Compounds 436
Appendices 905
14
Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur,
Answers to Selected Problems 911
or a Halogen 474
15 Glossary 949
Aldehydes and Ketones 508
16 Credits 957
Amines 536
Index 959
9