Fundamentals of Forensic Practice: Mental Health and Criminal Law PDF
Preview Fundamentals of Forensic Practice: Mental Health and Criminal Law
ROGERS Fundamentals of SHUMAN FORENSIC F U N D PRACTICE A M E N T MENTAL HEALTH A L S AND CRIMINAL LAW O F F O R E N S I C P R A C T I C E R I C H A R D R O G E R S D A N I E L W. S H U M A N Fundamentals of Forensic Practice Mental Health and Criminal Law Fundamentals of Forensic Practice Mental Health and Criminal Law Richard Rogers, Ph.D., ABPP UniversityofNorthTexas,Denton,TX and Daniel W. Shuman, J.D. SouthernMethodistUniversity,Dallas,TX RichardRogers DanielW.Shuman DepartmentofPsychology SchoolofLaw UniversityofNorthTexas SouthernMethodistUniversity Denton,TX76203-1280 Dallas,TX75275 USA USA [email protected]. [email protected] LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2005923617 ISBN10:0-387-25226-6 e-ISBN0-38725227-4 ISBN13:978-0387-25226-1 Printedonacid-freepaper. (cid:1)C 2005SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,Inc. 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(TB/MVY) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springeronline.com Contents SECTIONI FoundationsofPractice ......................... 1 Chapter1: ClinicalandLegalFramework .................... 3 HistoricalPerspectiveonForensicPsychology andPsychiatry ........................................ 4 ConceptualModelsofForensicPsychologyandPsychiatry ...... 5 ConceptualModelsofAttorneysandMentalHealthIssues ...... 9 ScientificStatusofForensicPsychologyandPsychiatry ......... 10 LegalStatusofForensicPsychologyandPsychiatry ............ 16 LookingForwardattheChaptersandTheirGoals ............. 17 Chapter2: MalingeringandDeceptioninCriminalEvaluations ... 21 FundamentalIssueswithResponseStyles ................... 22 DetectionStrategiesforFeignedPresentations ................ 31 StandardizedAssessmentofMalingering .................... 39 Summary .............................................. 55 Chapter3: TheNatureofExpertsandTheirTestimony .......... 57 TheNatureofExperts .................................... 57 ExpertTestimony ....................................... 68 v vi CONTENTS ExpertQualifications .................................... 68 DirectExamination ...................................... 73 AnOverviewofDirectExamination ........................ 76 RedirectExamination .................................... 80 Summary .............................................. 81 SECTIONII SpecificCriminalIssues ........................ 83 Chapter4: ForensicDeterminationsofDiversionandBail ....... 85 RelevantLegalStandards ................................. 86 ClinicalOperationalizationofDiversionandBail Determinations ....................................... 92 ClinicalMethodsandForensicConsiderations ................ 97 PotentialTrialIssues ..................................... 105 Summary .............................................. 110 Chapter5: MirandaandBeyond:CompetenciesRelatedto PoliceInvestigations ....................................... 113 RelevantLegalStandards ................................. 115 ClinicalOperationalizationofWaiverDecisions ............... 125 ClinicalMethodsandForensicConsiderations ................ 130 GeneralCross-ExaminationIssues .......................... 146 Summary .............................................. 149 Chapter6: CompetencytoStandTrial ....................... 151 RelevantLegalStandards ................................. 152 ClinicalOperationalizationoftheCompetencyStandard ........ 161 ForensicAssessmentMethods ............................. 168 GeneralCross-ExaminationIssues .......................... 176 Summary .............................................. 180 Chapter7: TheInsanityDefense ............................ 181 RelevantLegalStandards ................................. 182 ClinicalOperationalizationoftheInsanityStandards .......... 193 SpecializedMethodsforAssessingInsanity .................. 205 GeneralCross-ExaminationIssues .......................... 207 Summary .............................................. 214 Chapter8: BeyondInsanity:OtherIssuesofCriminal Responsibility ............................................ 215 RelevantLegalStandards ................................. 216 ClinicalOperationalizationofCriminalCulpabilityStandards ... 229 CONTENTS vii ClinicalMethodsRelevanttoAssessmentsofCriminal Responsibility ........................................ 238 Summary .............................................. 258 Chapter9: SentencingRecommendationsandCapitalIssues ..... 259 RelevantLegalStandards ................................. 261 OverviewofClinicalMethodsandSentencingDeterminations ... 269 ClinicalApplicationstoNoncapitalCases .................... 270 ClinicalApplicationstoCapitalCases ....................... 282 GeneralCross-ExaminationIssuesinNon-CapitalSentencing ... 295 TrialStrategiesandCross-ExaminationIssuesinCapital Sentencing ........................................... 299 Summary .............................................. 308 Chapter10: CompetencytoBeExecutedandOtherPost-Conviction ReliefIssues ............................................. 311 RelevantLegalStandards ................................. 312 ClinicalandForensicApplicationstoCompetency toBeExecuted ........................................ 320 ClinicalandForensicApplicationstoCompetencetoWaive Appeals ............................................. 325 GeneralCross-ExaminationIssues .......................... 329 Summary .............................................. 333 Chapter11: SexualPredatorDeterminations .................. 335 RelevantLegalStandards ................................. 336 ClinicalOperationalizationandForensicMethodsforSVP Determinations ....................................... 342 GeneralCross-ExaminationIssues .......................... 352 Summary .............................................. 364 Chapter12: Integration:ThemesinCriminalForensicPractice .... 367 ScienceandSkillinClinicalForensicPractice ................. 367 ForensicPredictionsandClassifications ..................... 377 ScrutinyandSkepticismasWatchwordsforCriminal Attorneys ............................................ 382 TheInterdependenceofLawandForensicPractice ............ 385 ConcludingRemarks .................................... 386 AppendixA:TheAccuracyofDSMIndicesofMalingering∗ ...... 389 ∗ Specificallyforuseascourtexhibits,copiesofAppendicesAthroughIarepermittedforthis explicitpurpose. viii CONTENTS AppendixB:SystematicReviewofStandardizedMeasuresfor FeignedMentalDisordersandTheirDetectionStrategies∗ ........ 391 AppendixC:SystematicReviewofStandardizedMeasuresfor FeignedCognitiveImpairmentandTheirDetectionStrategies∗ .... 393 AppendixD:MMPI-2Meta-AnalysisandFeignedMental Disorders:ASummaryofRogersetal.(2003)∗ .................. 395 AppendixE:UltimateOpinions:BansandQuestionable Practices∗ ............................................... 397 Appendix F: Summary of the Grisso’s (1998) Miranda Instruments forUsewithAdultOffenders∗ .............................. 399 AppendixG:TheMMPI-2andInsanityEvaluations:ADescriptive Analysis∗ ............................................... 401 AppendixH:AnalysisofRiskAssessmentMeasures:AreThey RelevanttoSexuallyViolentPredator(SVP)Standards?∗ ......... 403 AppendixI:StandardsforDiagnosesinForensicPractice: AComparisonofUnstandardized,Standardized,and ExtrapolatedDiagnoses∗ ................................... 405 References ............................................... 407 NameIndex ............................................. 435 SubjectIndex ............................................ 439 ∗ Specificallyforuseascourtexhibits,copiesofAppendicesAthroughIarepermittedforthis explicitpurpose. I Foundations of Practice 1 Clinical and Legal Framework Mental health and legal professionals face formidable challenges in ap- plyingtheirknowledgeandexpertisetothecriminaljusticesystem.This bookaddressespsycholegalissuesfrombothlaw(e.g.,statutes,caselaw, andlegaltheory)andclinical-forensic(e.g.,empiricallybasedknowledge andspecializedmethods)perspectives.Withinthecriminaljusticesystem, it considers the major legal, empirical, and forensic issues found in the law–mentalhealthinterface. Psycholegal issues arise at each major phase (i.e., pretrial, trial, sen- tencing, and postconviction) of the criminal trial process. Pretrial issues include (1) the initial processing of defendants, such as their diversion from the criminal justice system; (2) psychological factors affecting the determination of bail; and (3) competencies as they relate to Miranda warningsandwarrantlesssearches.Trialissuesaddressseveralpsychole- galstandardsmostfamiliartoforensicclinicians,specificallycompetency to stand trial and insanity. Less common issues involve other matters of criminalresponsibility,suchasmensreaandguilty-but-mentallyill.Sen- tencing issues consider both noncapital and capital domains. In noncapi- talcases,sentencingexaminespsychologicalissuesastheyrelatetoreha- bilitationandincapacitation.Incapitalcases,aggravatingandmitigating 3
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