Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications PDF
Preview Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106 Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected]) Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites Synthesis, Properties and Applications Edited by Parveen Saini Copyright © 2015 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. Co-published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, and Scrivener Publishing LLC, Salem, Massachusetts. Published simultaneously in Canada. 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Cover design by Russell Richardson Library of Congr ess Cataloging-in-Publication Data: ISBN 978-1-118-54949-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Foreword by Sir Richard Friend xv Preface xvi Part 1: Multiphase Systems: Synthesis, Properties and Applications 1 Conjugated Polymer-based Blends, Copolymers, and Composites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 3 Parveen Saini 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 CPs/ICPs-Based Blends 7 1.2.1 Classification of CPs/ICPs-Based Blends 8 1.3 CPs/ICPs-Based Copolymers (CCPs) 11 1.3.1 Types of CPs/ICPs-Based Copolymers 11 1.3.2 Sub-Classification of Linear or Graft BCPs 20 1.4 CPs/ICPs-Based Composites/Nanocomposites/Hybrids 23 1.4.1 Categorization of CPs/ICPs-Based NCs 26 1.5 Interpenetrating/Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN/SIPN) 29 1.6 Synthesis of CPs/ICPs-Based BLNs, CCPs, and CMPs/NCs/HYBs 30 1.6.1 Synthesis of Undoped CPs-Based BLNs 30 1.6.2 Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers-Based Copolymers 39 1.6.3 CPs/ICPs-Based CMPs/NCs 52 1.7 Applications of CPs/ICPs-Based BLNs, CCPs, and CMPs/NCS/HYBs 63 1.7.1 ICP-Based Systems 63 1.7.2 CPs-Based Systems 63 1.8 Conclusions 79 Acknowledgments 80 References 80 vi Contents 2 Progress in Polyaniline Composites with Transition Metal Oxides 119 Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović 2.1 Introduction 119 2.2 PANI/Transition Metal Oxide Composites 120 2.2.1 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Copper Group of Transition Metals 121 2.2.2 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Zinc Group of Transition Metals 121 2.2.3 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Scandium Group of Transition Metals 124 2.2.4 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Titanium Group of Transition Metals 126 2.2.5 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Vanadium Group of Transition Metals 131 2.2.6 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Chromium Group of Transition Metals 132 2.2.7 PANI Composites with Oxides of the Manganese Group of Transition Metals 137 2.2.8 PANI Composites with Oxides of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Groups of Transition Metals 140 2.3 Conclusions and Outlook 151 Abbreviations 152 References 153 3 Conjugated-Polymer/Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials- Based Hybrids for Optoelectronic Applications 163 Anuushka Pal, Parveen Saini, and Sameer Sapra 3.1 Introduction 164 3.2 Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (QCNs) 165 3.2.1 Inorganic Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (QCNs) 166 3.2.2 Organic Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (QCNs) 167 3.3 Synthetic Approaches for Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (QCNs) 168 3.3.1 Synthesis of Inorganic Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials 169 3.3.2 Synthesis of Organic Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials 174 3.3.3 Optical Properties 176 Contents vii 3.4 Conjugated-Polymer/Quantum-Confined Nanomaterials (CP/QCN) Hybrids 183 3.4.1 Methodologies for Making Conjugated-Polymer/ Inorganic QCN Hybrids 183 3.4.2 Chemical Methods 184 3.5 Optoelectronic Applications of Hybrids 190 3.5.1 Hybrid Solar Cell 190 3.5.2 Light-Emitting Diodes 201 3.5.3 GQDs/Conjugated-Polymer-Based Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 208 3.6 Outlook and Perspective: Current Challenges and Future Scope/Prospects 210 Acknowledgments 211 References 211 4 Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites for Optoelectronic and Biological Applications 229 Tapas Kuila, Yu Dong Sheng, and Naresh Chandra Murmu 4.1 Introduction 230 4.2 Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 231 4.2.1 Preparation of Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 232 4.2.2 Different Types of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites and Their Properties 234 4.2.3 Characterizations of Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 252 4.3 Applications of Graphene/Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 263 4.3.1 Optoelectronic Application 263 4.3.2 Biological Applications 268 4.4 Conclusions and Future Scope 270 Acknowledgements 271 References 271 Part 2: Energy Harvesting and Storage Materials 5 Conjugated Polymers-Based Blends, Composites and Copolymers for Photovoltaics 283 Ashish Dubey, Parveen Saini, and Qiquan Qiao 5.1 Introduction 284 5.2 Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) Cells 284
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