Fundamentals of Aerodynamics PDF
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Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (In SI Units) Fifth Edition Series in Aer and Aer JohnD.Anderson,Jr.,UniversityofMaryland,ConsultingEditor Anderson Hyer AircraftPerformanceandDesign StressAnalysisofFiber-ReinforcedComposite Materials Anderson ComputationalFluidDynamics Kane,LikinsandLevinson SpacecraftDynamics Anderson FundamentalsofAerodynamics Kelly FundamentalsofMechanicalVibrations Anderson HypersonicandHighTemperatureGas Meirovitch Dynamics FundamentalsofVibration Anderson Nelson ModernCompressibleFluidFlow FlightStabilityandAutomaticControl Borman Oosthuizen CombustionEngineering CompressibleFluidFlow Baruh Shames AnalyticalDynamics MechanicsofFluids Budynas Turns AdvancedStrengthandAppliedStressAnalysis AnIntroductiontoCombustion C¸engelandCimbala Ugural FluidMechanics StressesinPlatesandShells Curtis White FundamentalsofAircraftStructuralAnalysis ViscousFluidFlow Driels White LinearControlSystemsEngineering FluidMechanics Humble Wiesel SpacePropulationAnalysisandDesign SpaceflightDynamics Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (In SI Units ) Fifth Edition JohnD.Anderson,Jr. CuratorofAerodynamics NationalAirandSpaceMuseum SmithsonianInstitution and ProfessorEmeritus UniversityofMaryland Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited NEW DELHI McGraw-Hill Offices New Delhi New York St Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotá Caracas KualaLumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal San Juan Santiago Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto Tata McGraw-Hill Adapted in India by arrangement with The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York Sales Territories: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (SI Units), 5/e Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2001, 1991 by The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. ISBN (13): 978-0-07-070012-3 ISBN (10): 0-07-070012-5 Vice President & Managing Director—McGraw-Hill Education: Asia Pacific Region: Ajay Shukla Head—Higher Education Publishing and Marketing: Vibha Mahajan Manager—Sponsoring: SEM & Tech Ed: Shalini Jha Assoc. Sponsoring Editor: Suman Sen Development Editor: Devshree Lohchab Executive—Editorial Services: Sohini Mukherjee Jr Manager—Production: Somomita Taneja Dy Marketing Manager—SEM & Tech Ed: Biju Ganesan General Manager—Production: Rajender P Ghansela Asst General Manager—Production: B L Dogra Information contained in this work has been obtained by Tata McGraw-Hill, from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that Tata McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. Typeset at Tulyasys Technologies, No. 1, Arulananthammal Nagar, Thanjavur 613 007, and printed at AVON PRINTERS, Plot No. 16, Main Loni Road, Jawahar Nagar, Industrial Area, Shahdara, Delhi-110094. Cover printer at: SDR Printers RAAYYRAZDAYAQ McGRAW-HILL SERIES IN AERONAUTICAL AND T heWrightbrothersinventedthefirstpracticalairplaneinthefirstdecade of the twentieth century. Along with this came the rise of aeronautical engineering as an exciting, new, distinct discipline. College courses in aeronautical engineering were offered as early as 1914 at the University of Michigan and at MIT. Michigan was the first university to establish an aero- nauticsdepartmentwithafour-yeardegree-grantingprogramin1916;by1926it hadgraduatedoveronehundredstudents.Theneedforsubstantivetextbooksin variousareasofaeronauticalengineeringbecamecritical.Risingtothisdemand, McGraw-Hillbecameoneofthefirstpublishersofaeronauticalengineeringtext- books, starting with Airplane Design and Construction by Ottorino Pomilio in 1919, and the classic and definitive text Airplane Design: Aerodynamics by the iconicEdwardP.Warnerin1927.Warner’sbookwasawatershedinaeronautical engineeringtextbooks. Sincethen,McGraw-Hillhasbecomethetime-honoredpublisherofbooksin aeronauticalengineering.Withtheadventofhigh-speedflightafterWorldWarII and the space program in 1957, aeronautical and aerospace engineering grew to new heights. There was, however, a hiatus that occurred in the 1970s when aerospace engineering went through a transition, and virtually no new books in the field were published for almost a decade by anybody. McGraw-Hill broke this hiatus with the foresight of its Chief Engineering Editor, B.J. Clark, who wasinstrumentalinthepublicationofIntroductiontoFlightbyJohnAnderson. Firstpublishedin1978,IntroductiontoFlightisnowinits5thEdition.Clark’s bold decision was followed by McGraw-Hill riding the crest of a new wave of studentsandactivityinaerospaceengineering,anditopenedtheflood-gatesfor newtextbooksinthefield. In 1988, McGraw-Hill initiated its formal series in Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering, gathering together under one roof all its existing texts in the field, and soliciting new manuscripts. This author is proud to have been madetheConsultingEditorforthisSeries,andtohavecontributedsomeofthe titles.Startingwitheightbooksin1988,theSeriesnowembraces24bookscov- eringabroadrangeofdisciplineinthefield.Withthis,McGraw-Hillcontinues its tradition, started in 1919, as the premier publisher of important textbooks in aeronauticalandaerospaceengineering. JohnD.Anderson,Jr. July,2005 Editor’sNote:JohnD.Anderson’stextbooksinaeronauticalandaerospaceen- gineeringhavebeenacornerstoneofMcGraw-Hill’ssuccessintheengineering disciplineforovertwodecades.WiththepublicationofFundamentalsofAerody- namics, fourth edition, McGraw-Hill has officially named the Anderson Series, celebrating the impact this collection has had on the discipline and on students pastandpresent.Wehopeyouenjoythenewestrevisiontothiscollection. THE JohnD.Anderson,Jr.,wasborninLancaster,Pennsylvania,onOctober1,1937. HeattendedtheUniversityofFlorida,graduatingin1959withhighhonorsand a bachelor of aeronautical engineering degree. From 1959 to 1962, he was a lieutenant and task scientist at the Aerospace Research Laboratory at Wright- PattersonAirForceBase.From1962to1966,heattendedtheOhioStateUniver- sityundertheNationalScienceFoundationandNASAFellowships,graduating withaPh.D.inaeronauticalandastronauticalengineering.In1966,hejoinedthe U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory as Chief of the Hypersonics Group. In 1973, he became Chairman of the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Uni- versityofMaryland,andsince1980hasbeenprofessorofAerospaceEngineer- ing at the University of Maryland. In 1982, he was designated a Distinguished Scholar/TeacherbytheUniversity.During1986–1987,whileonsabbaticalfrom the University, Dr. Anderson occupied the Charles Lindbergh Chair at the Na- tionalAirandSpaceMuseumoftheSmithsonianInstitution.Hecontinuedwith theAirandSpaceMuseumonedayeachweekastheirSpecialAssistantforAero- dynamics,doingresearchandwritingonthehistoryofaerodynamics.Inaddition to his position as professor of aerospace engineering, in 1993, he was made a fullfacultymemberoftheCommitteefortheHistoryandPhilosophyofScience and in 1996 an affiliate member of the History Department at the University of Maryland.In1996,hebecametheGlennL.MartinDistinguishedProfessorfor EducationinAerospaceEngineering.In1999,heretiredfromtheUniversityof MarylandandwasappointedProfessorEmeritus.HeiscurrentlytheCuratorfor AerodynamicsattheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum,SmithsonianInstitution. Dr.Andersonhaspublishedtenbooks:GasdynamicLasers:AnIntroduction, Academic Press (1976), and under McGraw-Hill, Introduction to Flight (1978, 1984, 1989, 2000, 2005), Modern Compressible Flow (1982, 1990, 2003), Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (1984, 1991, 2001), Hypersonic and High TemperatureGasDynamics(1989),ComputationalFluidDynamics:TheBasics withApplications(1995),AircraftPerformanceandDesign(1999),AHistoryof AerodynamicsandItsImpactonFlyingMachines, CambridgeUniversityPress (1997 hardback, 1998 paperback), The Airplane: A History of Its Technology, AmericanInstituteofAeronauticsandAstronautics(2003),andInventingFlight, Johns Hopkins University Press (2004). He is the author of over 120 papers on radiative gasdynamics, reentry aerothermodynamics, gasdynamic and chemical lasers, computational fluid dynamics, applied aerodynamics, hypersonic flow, andthehistoryofaeronautics.Dr.AndersonisinWho’sWhoinAmerica.Heis an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).HeisalsoafellowoftheRoyalAeronauticalSociety,London.Heisa memberofTauBetaPi,SigmaTau,PhiKappaPhi,PhiEtaSigma,TheAmerican SocietyforEngineeringEducation,theHistoryofScienceSociety,andtheSoci- etyfortheHistoryofTechnology.In1988,hewaselectedasVicePresidentofthe AIAAforEducation.In1989,hewasawardedtheJohnLelandAtwoodAward jointly by the American Society for Engineering Education and the American InstituteofAeronauticsandAstronautics“forthelastinginfluenceofhisrecent contributionstoaerospaceengineeringeducation.”In1995,hewasawardedthe AIAAPendrayAerospaceLiteratureAward“forwritingundergraduateandgrad- uatetextbooksinaerospaceengineeringwhichhavereceivedworldwideacclaim fortheirreadabilityandclarityofpresentation,includinghistoricalcontent.”In 1996,hewaselectedVicePresidentoftheAIAAforPublications.Hehasrecently beenhonoredbytheAIAAwithits2000vonKarmanLectureshipinAstronautics. From1987tothepresent,Dr.Andersonhasbeentheseniorconsultingeditor ontheMcGraw-HillSeriesinAeronauticalandAstronauticalEngineering. DedicatedtoMyFamily Sarah-Allen,Katherine,andElizabeth
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