Alexander Egyed Ina Schaefer (Eds.) S S o C R A 3 3 Fundamental Approaches 0 9 S C to Software Engineering N L 18th International Conference, FASE 2015 Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2015 London, UK, April 11–18, 2015, Proceedings 123 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9033 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison,UK TakeoKanade,USA JosefKittler,UK JonM.Kleinberg,USA JohnC.Mitchell,USA FriedemannMattern,Switzerland BernhardSteffen,Germany MoniNaor,Israel DemetriTerzopoulos,USA C.PanduRangan,India GerhardWeikum,Germany DougTygar,USA Advanced Research in Computing and Software Science SublineofLectureNotesin ComputerScience SublineSeries Editors GiorgioAusiello,UniversityofRome‘LaSapienza’,Italy VladimiroSassone,UniversityofSouthampton,UK SublineAdvisoryBoard SusanneAlbers,TUMunich,Germany BenjaminC.Pierce,UniversityofPennsylvania,USA BernhardSteffen,UniversityofDortmund,Germany DengXiaotie,CityUniversityofHongKong JeannetteM.Wing,MicrosoftResearch,Redmond,WA,USA Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/7407 · Alexander Egyed Ina Schaefer (Eds.) Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering 18th International Conference, FASE 2015 Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2015 London, UK, April 11–18, 2015 Proceedings ABC Editors AlexanderEgyed InaSchaefer JohannesKeplerUniversity TechnischeUniversitätBraunschweig Linz Braunschweig Austria Germany ISSN0302-9743 ISSN1611-3349 (electronic) LectureNotesinComputerScience ISBN978-3-662-46674-2 ISBN978-3-662-46675-9 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-662-46675-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015934132 LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broad- casting,reproduction onmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorage andretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknown orhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher, theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication. Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsor omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer-VerlagGmbHBerlinHeidelbergispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia (www.springer.com) Foreword ETAPS2015wasthe18thinstanceoftheEuropeanJointConferencesonTheoryand Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was established in 1998, and this year consisted of six constituting conferences (CC, ESOP, FASE, FoSSaCS,TACAS,andPOST)includingfiveinvitedspeakersandtwotutorialspeakers. Prior to and after the main conference, numeroussatellite workshops took place and attractedmanyresearchersfromallovertheworld. ETAPSisaconfederationofseveralconferences,eachwithitsownProgramCom- mitteeanditsownSteeringCommittee(ifany).Theconferencescovervariousaspects of software systems, ranging from theoretical foundations to programming language developments, compiler advancements, analysis tools, formal approaches to software engineering, and security. Organizing these conferences into a coherent, highly syn- chronizedconferenceprogramenablestheparticipationinanexcitingevent,havingthe possibilitytomeetmanyresearchersworkingindifferentdirectionsinthefield,andto easilyattendtalksatdifferentconferences. Thesixmainconferencestogetherreceived544submissionsthisyear,152ofwhich wereaccepted(including10tooldemonstrationpapers),yieldinganoverallacceptance rateof27.9%.IthankallauthorsfortheirinterestinETAPS,allreviewersforthepeer- reviewingprocess,thePCmembersfortheirinvolvement,andinparticularthePCCo- chairsforrunningthisentireintensiveprocess.Lastbutnotleast,mycongratulationsto allauthorsoftheacceptedpapers! ETAPS2015wasgreatlyenrichedbytheinvitedtalksbyDanielLicata(Wesleyan University,USA)andCatusciaPalamidessi(InriaSaclayandLIX,France),bothunify- ingspeakers,andtheconference-specificinvitedspeakers[CC]KeshavPingali(Univer- sity of Texas, USA), [FoSSaCS] Frank Pfenning(CarnegieMellon University,USA), and[TACAS]WangYi(UppsalaUniversity,Sweden).Invitedtutorialswereprovided byDanielBernstein(EindhovenUniversityofTechnology,theNetherlandsandtheUni- versityofIllinoisatChicago,USA),andFlorentKirchner(CEA,theAlternativeEner- giesandAtomicEnergyCommission,France).Mysincerethankstoallthesespeakers fortheirinspiringtalks! ETAPS2015tookplacein thecapitalofEngland,thelargestmetropolitanareain the UK and the largesturbanzone in the EuropeanUnion by mostmeasures.ETAPS 2015 was organized by the Queen Mary University of London in cooperation with the following associations and societies: ETAPS e.V., EATCS (EuropeanAssociation for Theoretical Computer Science), EAPLS (European Association for Programming LanguagesandSystems),andEASST(EuropeanAssociationofSoftwareScienceand Technology).Itwassupportedbythefollowingsponsors:Semmle,Winton,Facebook, MicrosoftResearch,andSpringer-Verlag. VI Foreword Theorganizationteamcomprised: – GeneralChairs:PasqualeMalacariaandNikosTzevelekos – WorkshopsChair:PauloOliva – Publicitychairs:MichaelTautschnigandGretaYorsh – Members:DinoDistefano,EdmundRobinson,andMehrnooshSadrzadeh TheoverallplanningforETAPSistheresponsibilityoftheSteeringCommittee.The ETAPSSteeringCommitteeconsistsofanExecutiveBoard(EB)andrepresentativesof theindividualETAPSconferences,aswellasrepresentativesofEATCS,EAPLS,and EASST.TheExecutiveBoardcomprisesGillesBarthe(satelliteevents,Madrid),Hol- gerHermanns(Saarbrücken),Joost-PieterKatoen(Chair,AachenandTwente),Gerald Lüttgen(Treasurer,Bamberg),andTarmoUustalu(publicity,Tallinn).Othermembersof theSteeringCommitteeare:ChristelBaier(Dresden),DavidBasin(Zurich),Giuseppe Castagna(Paris),MarshaChechik(Toronto),AlexanderEgyed(Linz),RiccardoFocardi (Venice),BjörnFranke(Edinburgh),JanFrisoGroote(Eindhoven),ReikoHeckel(Le- icester),BartJacobs(Nijmegen),PaulKlint(Amsterdam),JensKnoop(Vienna),Christof Löding(Aachen),InaSchäfer(Braunschweig),PasqualeMalacaria(London),Tiziana Margaria (Limerick), Andrew Myers (Boston), Catuscia Palamidessi (Paris), Frank Piessens (Leuven), Andrew Pitts (Cambridge), Jean-Francois Raskin (Brussels), Don Sannella(Edinburgh),VladimiroSassone(Southampton),PerditaStevens(Edinburgh), Gabriele Taentzer (Marburg), Peter Thiemann (Freiburg), Cesare Tinelli (Iowa City), LucaVigano(London),JanVitek(Boston),IgorWalukiewicz(Bordeaux),AndrzejWa˛- sowski(Copenhagen),andLenoreZuck(Chicago). IsincerelythankallETAPSSCmembersforalltheirhardworktomakethe18th edition of ETAPS a success. Moreover, thanks to all speakers, attendants, organizers of the satellite workshops, and to Springer for their support. Finally, many thanks to Pasquale and Nikos and their local organization team for all their efforts enabling ETAPStotakeplaceinLondon! January2015 Joost-PieterKatoen Preface This volume contains the proceedings of FASE 2015, the 18th International Confer- ences on FundamentalApproachesto Software Engineering,which was held in Lon- don, UK, in April 2015 as part of the annual EuropeanJoint Conferenceson Theory andPracticeofSoftware(ETAPS). AswithpreviouseditionsofFASE,thisyear’spaperspresentedfoundationalcon- tributionstoabroadrangeoftopicsinsoftwareengineering,includingsoftwareadap- tation, faultlocalization,model-drivenengineering,synthesis, testing, transformation, andverificationandvalidation. Thisyearwe received80 submissionsofwhich23wereacceptedbytheProgram Committee for presentation at the conference, constituting an acceptance rate of ap- proximately 28%. Each paper received a minimum of three reviews; acceptance de- cisions were reached through online discussions among the membersof the Program Committee. ManypersonscontributedtothesuccessofFASE2015.Theauthorsofallsubmit- ted papers represent the core of such a conference, and we believe that the accepted papersmakesignificantadvancesinthefoundationsofsoftwareengineering.However, the program could not have been assembled without the great effort of the Program Committeemembersandtheirsub-reviewersincriticallyassessinganddiscussingthe papers:thanksalotforyouractiveparticipation!We alsoexpressourfullgratitudeto the Additional Reviewers coming to our aid at the last minute to provide additional insights for papers under dispute, for producing high-quality reviews in a very short time.Finally,wethankGabrieleTaentzer,theFASESteeringCommitteeChair,forher timelyandaccurateresponsestoourqueriesaboutthewholeprocessmanagement,and theETAPSSteeringandOrganizingCommitteesfortheircoordinationwork. Wesincerelyhopeyouenjoytheseproceedings! January2015 InaSchaefer AlexanderEgyed Organization Program Committee DavidBenavides UniversityofSeville,Spain MarshaChechik UniversityofToronto,Canada VittorioCortellessa UniversityofL’Aquila,Italy KrzysztofCzarnecki UniversityofWaterloo,Canada AlexanderEgyed JohannesKeplerUniversityLinz,Austria JoséLuizFiadeiro RoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,UK BerndFischer StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica DimitraGiannakopoulou NASAAmesResearchCenter,USA StefaniaGnesi IstitutodiScienzaeTecnologiedell’Informazione “A.Faedo",Italy JohnGrundy SwinburneUniversityofTechnology,Australia MarkHarman UniversityCollegeLondon,UK ReikoHeckel UniversityofLeicester,UK ValerieIssarny Inria,France EinarBrochJohnsen UniversityofOslo,Norway AntóniaLopes UniversityofLisbon,Portugal HenryMuccini UniversityofL’Aquila,Italy JohnPenix GoogleInc.,USA ArendRensink UniversityofTwente,TheNetherlands JuliaRubin IBMResearch,Israel InaSchaefer TechnischeUniversitätBraunschweig,Germany AndySchürr TechnischeUniversitätDarmstadt,Germany BranSelic MalinaSoftwareCorp.,Canada PerditaStevens UniversityofEdinburgh,UK GabrieleTaentzer Philipps-UniversitätMarburg,Germany TetsuoTamai UniversityofTokyo,Japan SebastianUchitel UniversityofBuenosAires,Argentinaand ImperialCollegeLondon,UK DanielVarro BudapestUniversityofTechnologyand Economics,Hungary AndrzejWasowski ITUniversityofCopenhagen,Denmark MartinWirsing Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Germany PamelaZave AT&TLaboratoriesResearch,USA X Organization Additional Reviewers Abal,Iago Li,Yi Al-Sibahi,AhmadSalim Lochau,Malte Albarghouthi,Aws Lucio,Levi Andriescu,Emil Löwe,Michael Anjorin,Anthony Malavolta,Ivano Antkiewicz,Michal Marques,EduardoR.B. Bae,Kyungmin Martins,Francisco Bagheri,Hamid Mazzanti,Franco Belzner,Lenz Mehlitz,Peter Bergmann,Gábor Mennicke,Stephan Boronat,Artur Mukkamala,RaghavaRao Bourke,Timothy Olveczky,Peter Bubel,Richard Petke,Justyna Busch,Marianne Petrocchi,Marinella Bürdek,Johannes Pun,KaI Corradini,Andrea Radwan,Marwan Cunha,Alcino Re,Barbara Deckwerth,Frederik Ribeiro,Leila Dimovski,AleksandarS. Ridge,Tom Diskin,Zinovy Ross,Jordan Famelis,Michalis Rutle,Adrian Fantechi,Alessandro Salay,Rick Ferrari,Alessio Saller,Karsten Franzago,Mirco Santos,André Galindo,JoséA. Schlatte,Rudolf Gotlieb,Arnaud Semeráth,Oszkár Guo,Jianmei Senni,Valerio Hegedüs,Ábel Stanciulescu,Stefan Heim,Robert Stevens,Perdita Heindel,Tobias Stolz,Volker Horváth,Ákos Strüber,Daniel Howar,Falk Störrle,Harald Iosif-Lazar,AlexandruFlorin TapiaTarifa,SilviaLizeth Klarl,Annabelle TerBeek,MauriceH. Knapp,Alexander Vakili,Amirhossein Kroiß,Christian Varro,Gergely Kulcsár,Géza Watson,Bruce Laarman,Alfons Weckesser,Markus Leblebici,Erhan Yu,Ingrid Legay,Axel Zulkoski,Ed
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