Functional Organisation of the Human Visual Cortex

386 Pages·1993·11.835 MB·English

by  Balazs Gulyas, D. Ottoson and P. E. Roland (Eds.)

Functional Organisation of the
Human Visual Cortex
Edited by
BALΔZS GULYAS
DAVID OTTOSON
and
PER E. ROLAND
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD · NEW YORK · SEOUL · TOKYO
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Copyright © 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be
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First edition 1993
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the
British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Functional organisation of the human visual cortex/
edited by Balβzs Gulyas, David Ottoson and Per E.
Roland - lsted.
p.cm. - (Wenner-Gren International Symposium Series)
Includes index. 1. Visual cortex - Congresses. I.
Gulyas, Balazs. II. Ottoson, David, 1918-. ΙΠ. Roland,
Per Ε. IV. Series. [DNLM: 1. Neurophysiology -
congresses. 2. Visual Cortex - physiology - congresses.
W3 WE429/WL 307 F9787] QP383. 15.F85 1992
612.8*25 - dc20 DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 92-49519
ISBN 0 08 0420044
In order to make this volume available as economically
and as rapidly as possible it has been produced by
translation from the authors' word processor disks.
Every effort has been made to ensure an exact
reproduction within the time available.
Printed in Great Britain by BPCC Wheatons Ltd, Exeter
Preface
As vision is one of the most important sensory modalities present in
almost all animal species, the systematic exploration of the visual
system has been a major target of neurobiological research in this
century. This research activity has resulted in great progress in
understanding the functional organization of the primate visual
system.
Though several meetings have in the past dealt with the
organization of the visual system in primates in general, there has been
no meeting dealing with the functional, anatomical and biochemical
organization of the human visual cortex. In recent years new
methodologies, especially new brain imaging techniques, have
provided the possibility of mapping the human visual cortex with
respect to its functional organization and have therefore given further
impetus to comparative studies on the visual system of humans and
other primates.
For these reasons, the Wenner-Gren Center Foundation organized an
international symposium with the aim of summarizing our state-of-
the-art knowledge regarding the organization of the human visual
cortex. The symposium took place in the Wenner-Gren Center in
Stockholm between 5 and 7 September 1991. A major purpose of the
meeting was to give a comprehensive overview of recent research
activities; furthermore, the meeting provided a platform for
discussions in order to provoke and promote research in the field, and
to point out uncertainties and directions for future explorations.
The present volume, which contains most of the papers delivered at
the meeting, is organized into five sections and follows the schedule of
the symposium. Though the chapters may not give a complete and
comprehensive coverage of this multidisciplinary field, they probably
highlight some of the most impressive accomplishments and key issues
ix
χ Preface
in recent research on the functional organization of human visual
cortex.
During the editorial work of the present volume the editors learnt
with deep sorrow that one of the participants of the symposium, Otto
D. Creutzfeldt, passed away. Otto Creutzfeldt was a leading figure of
the world's neurobiological community with long-lasting scientific
achievements in several fields, including the visual system. The present
book is dedicated to his memory.
Balβzs Gulyβs
David Ottoson
Per E. Roland
Symposium Organizers
List of Contributors
Este ARMSTRONG
Yakovlev Collection, AFIP, Washington D.C, and Department of Anatomy,
Uniformed Services, University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Rachel ASH-BERNAL
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard University Medical School, 220
Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Horace B. BARLOW
Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street,
Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
Ivan BODIS-WOLLNER
Mount Sinai Hospital and School of Medicine, Department of Neurology,
VEP Laboratory, Box 1052, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L.
Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
Richard T. BORN
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard University Medical School, 220
Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Julie BRANNAN
Mount Sinai Hospital and School of Medicine, Department of Neurology,
VEP Laboratory, Box 1052, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L.
Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
Andreas BURKHALTER
Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University
School of Medicine, Box 8057, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110,
USA
Stephanie CLARKE
Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 7, rue du Bugnon, CH-
1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
xi
xi i List of Contributors
Alan COWEY
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, OX1 3UD, UK
Jean DECETY
INSERM Unitι 94,16 avenue du Doyen Lιpine, F-69500 Bron, France
Colette DEHAY
INSERM Unitι 94,16 avenue du Doyen Lιpine, F-69500 Bron, France
Edgar A. DeYOE
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee WI, USA
Neville DRASDO
Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle,
Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
Lesley EDWARDS
Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle,
Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
Marta FARAH
Department of Psychology, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
15213-3890, USA
Daniel J. FELLEMAN
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical
School, Houston TX 77030, USA
Richard S. J. FRACKOWIAK
MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W12
OHS, UK
James FROST
The John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Divisions of Nuclear Medicine and
Radiation Health Sciences, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-
2179, USA
Robert GEBHARD
Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-
4000 Düsseldorf 1, Germany
Albert GJEDDE
Positron Imaging Laboratories, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal
Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801, rue University, Montreal,
Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
List of Contributors xiii
Cheryl L. GRADY
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes
of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Balβzs GULYAS
Laboratory for Clinical Brain Research and Positron Emission Tomography,
Nobel Institute of Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institute, Box 60400, S-104 01
Stockholm, Sweden
Michael HAGLUND
Department of Neurological Surgery, RI-20, School of Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
James V. HAXBY
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes
of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Charles HEYWOOD
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, OX1 3UD, UK
Mark HOLMES
Department of Neurological Surgery, RI-20, School of Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Barry HORWITZ
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes
of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Jon H. KAAS
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 301 Wilson Hall, 111 21st
Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
Henry KENNEDY
INSERM Unitι 94,16 avenue du Doyen Lιpine, F-69500 Bron, France
Georg KERKHOFF
Stδdtisches Krankenhaus München Bogenhausen, Entwicklungsgruppe
Klinische Neurophychologie, Dachauer Strasse 164, D-8000 München 50,
Germany
James J.KNIERIM
Arizona Research Laboratories, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724,
USA
xiv List of Contributors
Ettore LETTICH
Department of Neurological Surgery, RI-20, School of Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Judit MIKLOSSY
Department of Pathology, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne,
Switzerland
Mortimer MISHKIN
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health,
Bethesda, MD 220892, USA
Pia MΔKELΔ
Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle,
Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
George A. OJEMANN
Department of Neurological Surgery, RI-20, School of Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Jeffrey G OJEMANN
Department of Neurological Surgery, RI-20, School of Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
David OTTOSON
Wenner-Gren Center Foundation for Scientific Research, Sveavδgen 166, S-
113 46 Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Physiology, Karolinska
Institute, Box 60400, S-104 01 Stockholm, Sweden
Stanley I. RAP APORT
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes
of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Per E. ROLAND
Laboratory for Brain Research and Positron Emission Tomography, Nobel
Institute of Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institute, Box 60400, S-104 01
Stockholm, Sweden
Jyrki ROVAMO
Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle,
Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
Judy SALERNO
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes
of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
List of Contributors XV
Mark B. SCHAPIRO
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes
of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Peter H. SCHILLER
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA
Axel SCHLEICHER
Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5,
W-4000 Düsseldorf 1, Germany
Justine SERGENT
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801, rue University,
Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
Petra STOERIG
Institut für Medizinische Phychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitδt
München, Goethestrasse 31, W-8000 München 2, Germany
Dorothy Ann THOMPSON
Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle,
Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
Roger TOOTELL
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard University Medical School, 220
Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Leslie G. UNGERLEIDER
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health,
Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
David C. VAN ESSEN
Biology Division, Caltech, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
D. Yves VON CRAMON
Stδdtisches Krankenhaus München Bogenhausen, Entwicklungsgruppe
Klinische Neurophychologie, Dachauer Strasse 164, D-8000 München 50,
Germany
JohnD G. WATSON
Department of Anatomy, University College, London WC1E 6BT, and MRC
Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 0HS,
UK
xvi List of Contributors
David WHITAKER
Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle,
Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
Margaret T. T. WONG-RILEY
Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin, 8701
Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WN 53226, USA
Karl ZILLES
Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-
4000 Düsseldorf 1, Germany
Samir ZEKI
Department of Anatomy, University College, London WC1E 6BT, England