Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span, Third Edition

382 Pages·2011·16.17 MB·English

by  Donna J. Cech MS PT PCS DHS

Donna J. Cech, DHS, PT, PCS
Program Director and Professor
Physical Therapy Program
Midwestern University
Downers Grove, Illinois
Suzanne “Tink” Martin, MACT, PT
Professor
Department of Physical Therapy
University of Evansville
Evansville, Indiana
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN, 978-1-4160-4978-4
THIRD EDITION
Copyright © 2012 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Notices
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978-1-4160-4978-4
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Printed in the United States of America
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To our three favorite fellows
Jim, Alec, and Terry

Contributors
Susan V. Duff, EdD, OTR/L, PT, CHT, BCP Timothy Hanke, PhD, PT
Clinical Coordinator of the Upper Extremity and Limb Associate Professor
Deformities Centers of Excellence, Shriners Hospital Midwestern University
for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Downers Grove, Illinois
Prehension Posture and Balance; Locomotion
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Preface
Movement is key to fully participating in mean- movement. Unit I reviews the biophysical, psycholog-
ingful life activities. It is necessary for safety, ical, and sociocultural domains of development. This
survival, mobility, occupation, leisure, health, information assists the therapist in effectively commu-
and fitness. Functional movement plays a role through- nicating and working with patients. Students are also
out the span of everyone's life and contributes to our guided in integrating important theories of develop-
complete development. The ability to move changes ment into clinical decision making models. Chapters 3
across the life span—influenced by the development and 4 have been revamped to bring students and
of muscular, skeletal, nervous, and cardiopulmonary clinicians the most current content on motor devel-
systems. The motivation to move is innate, but the socio- opment, motor learning, and motor control, and their
cultural environment and psychological development complex interrelationships. The content in Chapter 5
influence each person's development and functional related to standardized assessment of function across
movement. Each person's experiences in life are unique the life span has been updated and expanded to include
and affect development. This perspective reflects how assessments at the activity and participation levels of
important it is for a health care provider to integrate the ICF. This information is important for therapists to
a thorough understanding of life course perspectives consider as they include participation level outcomes in
and the World Health Organizations model, the patient/ client management.
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, Building on the foundation of Unit I, Unit II adds
and Health (ICF), into the care provided to individuals a comprehensive review of how body systems develop
across the life span. and affect functional movement from the prenatal
The third edition of this text continues to be intended period through older adulthood. Chapters focused on
primarily for students of physical therapy, occupational the skeletal system, the cardiovascular and pulmonary
therapy, and other professions that address movement systems, and the nervous system have been rewritten
dysfunction. This edition continues to emphasize normal with a stronger emphasis on information necessary
development and focuses on the definitions of function for clinical decision making. Basic information on the
and participation, how they are attained, and how par- anatomy, physiology, and histology of the systems
ticipation is optimized across the life span. Development has been condensed to identify only those aspects of
of functional movement and maintenance of functional body systems function and structure that change across
skills throughout the life span are important to all indi- the life span and influence functional mobility. More
viduals. For therapists to best support optimal participa- “Clinical Implications” sidebars have been added to
tion for patients and clients, they must appreciate not the systems chapters to help students appreciate the
only the developmental sequences of physical, social- importance of understanding each system's normal
emotional, and psychological development, but also development within clinical practice.
bring a unique understanding of the normal develop- The final unit, Unit III, focuses on functional out-
ment of the cellular and systems changes that begin in comes key to mobility and participation in meaning-
the embryo and continue throughout life. By under- ful life activities. Age-related trends in balance, posture,
standing normal development of body structures and locomotion, and prehension are presented. A key
body functions, which contribute to functional move- chapter on vital functions, such as sleep-wakefulness,
ment across the life span, therapists can incorporate this eating, digestion, breathing, and elimination, also
knowledge into clinical decision making. reviews endocrine function, which plays such an
This book is organized into three units that will important role in a person's ability to participate in day-
provide the reader with the background and tools to-day activities. This chapter explores the influences
necessary to understand the components of functional vital functions have on functional mobility. In Unit III,
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