FUN & LEARNING WITH ARDUINO PROJECTS - Tutorial by Cytron

56 Pages·2011·6.67 MB·English

by  Cytron Technologies

FUN &
LEARNING
WITH
ARDUINO
PROJECTS
ROBOT . HEAD to TOE
FUN & LEARNING WITH ARDUINO PROJECTS
FUN & LEARNING WITH
ARDUINO PROJECTS
BEGINNER GUIDE
BY
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 4 PROJECT 7 34
COMPONENT REQUIRED 6 – CONNECTION 34
OVERVIEW OF ARDUINO DUEMILANOVE7 – ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 35
GETTING STARTED 9 – CODE OVERVIEW 35
– ARDUINO IDE 9 PROJECT 8 38
INSTALLATION – CONNECTION 38
– INSTALL THE USB DRIVER 9 – ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 39
– THE ARDUINO IDE SETUP 9 – CODE OVERVIEW 39
– THE ARDUINO IDE 10 PROJECT 9 41
– CONNECTION 41
PROJECT 0 12 – ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 42
– CONNECTION 12 – CODE OVERVIEW 42
– ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 13 PROJECT 10 44
– CODE OVERVIEW 15 – CONNECTION 44
PROJECT 1 17 – CODE OVERVIEW 44
– CONNECTION 17 PROJECT 11 46
– ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 18 – CONNECTION 46
– CODE OVERVIEW 18 – ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 46
PROJECT 2 21 – CODE OVERVIEW 47
– CONNECTION 21 PROJECT 12 49
– ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 21 – CONNECTION 49
– CODE OVERVIEW 21 – CODE OVERVIEW 50
PROJECT 3 23 PROJECT 13 51
– CONNECTION 23 – CONNECTION 51
– ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 24 – ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 51
– CODE OVERVIEW 24 – CODE OVERVIEW 51
PROJECT 4 26 PROJECT 14 53
– CONNECTION 26 – CONNECTION 53
– ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 26 – ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 54
– CODE OVERVIEW 27 – CODE OVERVIEW 55
PROJECT 5 28
– CONNECTION 28
– ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 29
– CODE OVERVIEW 29
PROJECT 6 31
– CONNECTION 31
– ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 32
– CODE OVERVIEW 32
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INTRODUCTION
similar functionality. All of these tools take the messy
details of microcontroller programming and wrap it
up in an easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies
the process of working with microcontrollers, but it
offers some advantage for teachers, students, and
interested amateurs over other systems:
• Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively
inexpensive compared to other
microcontroller platforms. The least
expensive version of the Arduino module can
be assembled by hand, and even the pre-
assembled Arduino modules cost less than
Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense
$50.
and control more of the physical world than your
desktop computer. It's an open-source physical
• Cross-platform - The Arduino software runs
computing platform based on a simple
on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux
microcontroller board, and a development
operating systems. Most microcontroller
environment for writing software for the board.
systems are limited to Windows.
Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects,
• Simple, clear programming environment -
taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors,
The Arduino programming environment is
and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other
easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible
physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone,
enough for advanced users to take
or they can be communicate with software running on
advantage of as well. For teachers, it's
your computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) The
conveniently based on the Processing
boards can be assembled by hand or purchased
programming environment, so students
preassembled; the open-source IDE can be
learning to program in that environment will
downloaded for free.
be familiar with the look and feel of Arduino.
The Arduino programming language is an
• Open source and extensible software- The
implementation of Wiring, a similar physical
Arduino software and is published as open
computing platform, which is based on the Processing
source tools, available for extension by
multimedia programming environment.
experienced programmers. The language can
be expanded through C++ libraries, and
WHY ARDUINO?
people wanting to understand the technical
There are many other microcontrollers and
details can make the leap from Arduino to
microcontroller platforms available for physical
the AVR C programming language on which
computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24,
it's based. SImilarly, you can add AVR-C code
Phidgets, MIT's Handyboard, and many others offer
directly into your Arduino programs if you
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want to.
• Open source and extensible hardware - The
Arduino is based on Atmel's ATMEGA8 and
ATMEGA168microcontrollers. The plans for
the modules are published under a Creative
Commons license, so experienced circuit
designers can make their own version of the
module, extending it and improving it. Even
relatively inexperienced users can build the
breadboard version of the module in order to
understand how it works and save money.
WHAT YOU WILL NEED
Before start any project, make sure you get yourself
an Arduino Duemilanove and the necessary Arduino
shield that need to use in the coming project. To get
the Arduino Duemilanove and other extend shield
please click here.
2nd, please download the Arduino software which are
required to use to write code and upload to the I/O
board here.
Lastly, to get improve of yourself, willingness of
learning is always a matter. Coming project are design
in simple and easy understanding to help you to get
involve in microcontroller easily. It's never too hard to
learn, just spend some time with it and you will like it.
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COMPONENT REQUIRED
ARDUINO DUEMILANOVE ARDUINO PROTOTYPING ARDUINO LCD-KEYPAD
ARDUINO GRAPGIC LCD
SHIELD SHIELD
SHIELD
ARDUINO INPUT SHIELD ARDUINO 2-AMP MOTOR ARDUINO-XBEE SHIELD SKXBEE
DRIVER SHIELD
RESISTOR BREADBOARD
POTENTIALMETER
LEDS
IR DISTANCE SENSOR
PIEZO BUZZER
LM35 TEMPRETURE SENSOR ULTRASONIS RANGE FINDER
EZ1
SPG10 MICRO METAL RC SREVO MOTOR JUMPER WIRES DC POWER SUPPLY
GEARMOTOR
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OVERVIEW OF ARDUINO DUEMILANOVE
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O
40 mA
Pin
DC Current for 3.3V
50 mA
Pin
16 KB (ATmega168) or 32 KB
Flash Memory (ATmega328) of which 2 KB
used by bootloader
1 KB (ATmega168) or 2 KB
SRAM
(ATmega328)
512 bytes (ATmega168) or 1 KB
The Arduino Duemilanove ("2009") is a EEPROM
(ATmega328)
microcontroller board based on the Atmega168
Clock Speed 16 MHz
(datasheet) or ATmega328(datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal POWER
oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP The Arduino Duemilanove can be powered via the
header, and a reset button. It contains everything USB connection or with an external power supply.
needed to support the microcontroller; simply The power source is selected automatically.
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power
it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. External (non-USB) power can come either from an
AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter
"Duemilanove" means 2009 in Italian and is named can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-
after the year of its release. The Duemilanove is the positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from
latest in a series of USB Arduino boards; for a a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin
comparison with previous versions, see the index of headers of the POWER connector.
Arduino boards.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to
20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the
SUMMARY
5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board
Microcontroller ATmega168
may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage
Operating Voltage 5V
regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
Input Voltage recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
7-12V
(recommended)
Input Voltage The power pins are as follows:
6-20V
(limits) • VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board
14 (of which 6 provide PWM when it's using an external power source (as
Digital I/O Pins
output) opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection
or other regulated power source). You can
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supply voltage through this pin, or, if • SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK).
supplying voltage via the power jack, access These pins support SPI communication using
it through this pin. the SPI library.
• 5V. The regulated power supply used to • LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to
power the microcontroller and other digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value,
components on the board. This can come the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or
be supplied by USB or another regulated 5V The Duemilanove has 6 analog inputs, each of which
supply. provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different
values). By default they measure from ground to 5
• 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on- volts, though is it possible to change the upper end
board FTDI chip. Maximum current draw is of their range using the AREF pin and the
50 mA. analogReference() function. Additionally, some pins
have specialized functionality:
• GND. Ground pins.
• I2C: analog input pins A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCL).
INPUT OUTPUT Support I2C (TWI) communication using the
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Duemilanove can Wire library.
be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), anddigitalRead() functions. They There are a couple of other pins on the board:
operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a • AREF. Reference voltage for the analog
maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up inputs. Used with analogReference().
resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In
addition, some pins have specialized functions: • Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the
microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset
• Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) button to shields which block the one on the
and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins board.
are connected to the corresponding pins of
the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
• External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can
be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low
value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in
value. See the attachInterrupt() function for
details.
• PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit
PWM output with the analogWrite()
function.
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THE ARDUINO IDE SETUP
GETTING STARTED
To start create a project, you may required to double
For coming project, we are going to use Arduino IDE click the arduino.exe which the icon is
to develop and upload the code to the Arduino like the figure beside. This will allow
Duemilanove. The Arduino IDE are supported to you to open the Arduino IDE.
Window, Mac OS X and also Linux. Be sure to get the
one who is suitable to your current using OS. To get
this software, please click here. Next step, you may need to choose the Arduino
board using for the 1st time such as figure below. Go
to Tools > Board > Arduinio Duemilanove or Nano
ARDUINO IDE INSTALLATION
w/ATmega 328
For Arduino software, installation are no needed. All
we have to do is download and extract it out and
save it anywhere you like.
Next, get yourself an
USB-B type cable then
plug in to the Arduino
while the other end
connect to the PC.
Lastly, you may also choose the COM port for

Arduino Duemilanove. Same step as above, go to
Tools > Serial Port > COM4 (Depend on the PC).
INSTALL THE USB DRIVERS
To make your Arduino Duemilanove start talking, you
need to install the USB driver which is located inside
the Arduino IDE you download (drivers/FTDI USB
Drivers)
Double click this icon and the
installation will executing. After
that, your PC/Laptop will be
automatically detected the driver
install and your Arduino
Duemilanove are free to use.
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THE ARDUINO IDE
When you open open up the Arduino IDE, it will look On the other hand, Arduino IDE also have prepare
similar to the figure above and it may be slightly lots of example for user to refer the basic of the
different to those who are using Mac OS or Linux but operating code. By clicking File > Example, there was
the main function of this IDE are still the same. lots of sample program to be explore.
Above there was a Toolbar which consist of 7 item
which is which is start from the left (compile , stop,
new, open, save, upload and serial monitor).
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