Full spectrum dominance: irregular warfare and the war on terror PDF
Preview Full spectrum dominance: irregular warfare and the war on terror
FULL SPEC TRUM DOMINANCE This page intentionally left blank F U L L S P E C T R U M D O M I N A N C E Irregular Warfare and the War on Terror Maria Ryan Stanford University Press Stanford, California Stanford University Press Stanford, California © 2019 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Stanford University Press. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Ryan, Maria, 1979– author. Title: Full spectrum dominance : irregular warfare and the war on terror / Maria Ryan. Description: Stanford, California : Stanford University Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019004068 (print) | LCCN 2019005341 (ebook) | ISBN 9781503610668 | ISBN 9781503609990 (cloth: alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: United States—Military policy. | Irregular warfare—United States. | Terrorism—Prevention—Government policy—United States. | War on Terrorism, 2001–2009. | United States—Foreign relations—2001–2009. | United States— Foreign relations—2009–2017. Classification: LCC UA23 (ebook) | LCC UA23 . R966 2019 (print) | DDC 355/.033573— dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019004068 Cover design: Rob Ehle Cover images: Map, VectorStock; Flag, from U.S. Air Force photo by Capt. Peter Shinn, Task Force Bastogne Public Affairs, via DoDLive Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 1. 9/11 and the Early Seeds of Irregular Warfare 19 2. The Philippines and the War on Terror in Southeast Asia 47 3. The War on Terror in Sub-Saharan Africa 77 4. Terrorism and the “Great Game” in Georgia and the Caspian Basin 114 5. Irregular Warfare at the Pentagon, 2004–2008 136 6. State, USAID, and the Interagency Mobilization 163 7. Irregular Warfare with Restraint: The Obama Years 185 Conclusion 213 Notes 221 Index 299 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments I have many people to thank for helping, directly or indirectly, to bring this project to fruition. At Stanford University Press, I am grateful to Alan Harvey for the faith he showed in this project from the outset. I am indebted to Alan and to Leah Pennywark for the work they put into making this book happen. Beverly Miller did a wonderful job copyediting the manuscript and made this a better book. My thanks to Tim Roberts for turning it all into a real book. The Arts and Humanities Research Council of the United Kingdom gener- ously supported this project in its early stages with an Early Career Fellow- ship. The University of Nottingham provided me with three terms of research leave. Without these, the project would have been impossible. Over the years, friends and colleagues have kindly given their time to read through parts of the work and provide feedback. David Fitzgerald provided a rigorous and engaged critique of the entire manuscript, which has improved the final version immeasurably. I am deeply grateful to him. The other anony- mous reviewer for Stanford University Press provided comments that were extraordinarily gracious, perceptive, encouraging, and constructive—for which I am profoundly thankful. Additional thanks go to Adam Quinn, whose sharp analysis I much needed at an early stage; Bevan Sewell, who is one of the most discerning readers I know; Paul McGarr, who always encour- aged my preoccupation with twenty-first-century “history”; and Steve Hewitt, who read material on short notice and still offered thoughtful, constructive comments. I am grateful to them all. viii Acknowledgments The Yuchengco Center at De La Salle University in Manila kindly mailed me reference material that was not available in the United Kingdom. Renato Cruz de Castro helped explain the legal intricacies of US activity in the south- ern Philippines and pointed me toward relevant sources. I owe a debt of gratitude to colleagues and friends in the Department of American and Canadian Studies at the University of Nottingham. My thanks go to Susan Billingham for being such an excellent (and tolerant) head of department and friend. Christopher Phelps and Vivien Miller were warm and supportive colleagues when I especially needed it. As my wise friend, “Burnt Paw,” says, “Every ship of dreams sails a ragged ocean.” For keeping me going through some difficult times, I am so grateful to the following amazing people: the Baxters—Claire, Andrew, and Charlie— Celeste-Marie Bernier, Will Boyle, Michael Burns, Andy Green, Ian Haines, Stephanie Lewthwaite, Ruth Maxey, Hui Miao, Helen Oakley, Mara Oliva, Sue Paffett, Gillian Roberts, Catherine Rottenberg, and Rizwaan Sabir. This past year, I have been lucky to have Rabi Aminudin, Oanh Hoang, and Byamba Luguusharav in my life too. Thank you all. Finally, I am indebted to the whole extended Ryan clan (including, of course, the “flying” club): Mum and Dad; Helen, Pasquale, and Olivia; Berna- dette, Sandro, Elia, and Luca; Ant, Jules, and Jack. Thank you. Nottingham, November 2018 FULL SPEC TRUM DOMINANCE
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