Fruits and Vegetable Wastes: Valorization to Bioproducts and Platform Chemicals

445 Pages·2022·7.787 MB·English

by  Ramesh C. Ray

Ramesh C. Ray Editor
Fruits and
Vegetable
Wastes
Valorization to Bioproducts and
Platform Chemicals
Fruits and Vegetable Wastes
Ramesh C. Ray
Editor
Fruits and Vegetable Wastes
Valorization to Bioproducts and Platform
Chemicals
Editor
RameshC.Ray
CentreforFoodBiology
&EnvironmentStudies
Bhubaneswar,India
ISBN978-981-16-9526-1 ISBN978-981-16-9527-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9527-8
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Preface
The non-edible portion of fruits and vegetables after processing (waste), such as
peels,pods,seeds,andskins,accountsforabout10–50%ofthetotalweightofthe
freshproduce.Fruit-processingindustriesalonecontributemorethan0.5billiontons
of waste worldwide. Such wastes pose increasing disposal and potentially severe
environmental pollution problems and represent a loss of valuable biomass and
nutrients. Most of these wastes are dumped in landfills, used as animal feeds, or
burned as an alternative. Fruits and vegetable wastes (FVWs) usually have a
composition of sugar, starch, proteins, phenolic phytochemicals, and minerals;
therefore, they should not be considered “wastes” but as raw materials for other
industrialprocesses.FVWsarethusaparticulargroupofsolidwaste(biomass)that
needs to be characterized to understand the nature of applications as raw materials
and propose an appropriate methodology for bioprocessing into value-added com-
modities. FVWs provide conditions amenable for microorganism growth, which
opensupgreatopportunitiesfortheirreuseinfermentationprocesses.FVWscanbe
usedasthesolidsupport,carbon,andnutrientsourcesinfermentationtoproducea
variety of value-added biocommodities such as enzymes, single-cell proteins, and
biocomposites, phenolic bioactive compounds, aroma and flavor compounds, and
platform chemicals like organic acids, bioethanol, biobutanol, and fluorescent
carbon-dots. This book deals with all these aspects of valorization of FVWs into
differentbiocommoditiesandplatformchemicalsusingprimarilyfermentationpro-
cessesintheformof18chapters.
Thebookisbroadlydividedintofiveparts:(1)introduction,dealingwithoverall
foodlossinfruitsandvegetablesworldwideandissuesandresources;(2)bioactive
compoundsinFVWsandtheirextractionmethods;(3)mushrooms,livestockfeeds,
and composts, based on FVWs; (4) enzymes, biofuels, and other bio-based com-
modities such as biocomposites, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and fluorescent
carbon dots; and (5) life-cycle analysis. The individual chapters are written by
authorsfromdifferentcountriesspecializedinFVWvalorizationresearch.Practical
andcommercialapplicationsofthetechnologiesarecitedinthesechapterswherever
informationisavailable.
v
vi Preface
The book provides up-to-date information on research and development in the
field of valorization of FVWs. The editor is immensely thankful to the authors for
theirfullcooperationandtimelysubmissionofmanuscripts.
Bhubaneswar,India RameshC.Ray
Contents
PartI Introduction
1 OverviewofFoodLossandWasteinFruitsandVegetables:
FromIssuetoResources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
VictoriaBancalandRameshC.Ray
PartII BioactiveCompoundsandExtractionMethods
2 RecoveryofWastedVegetablesandFruitsforFoodAdditives. . . . 33
EvaDortaandGloriaLobo
3 DryingandExtractionApproachforUtilizationofVegetable
andFruitWaste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
NoraSalinaMdSalim,PrabhjotKaur,AshutoshSingh,
andVijayaRaghavan
4 PhenolicandOtherBioactiveCompoundsfromVegetable
andFruitWaste:ExtractionMethodsandTheirPossible
Utilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
BalwinderSinghSooch,ManpreetKaurMann,PriyankaSharma,
andRameshC.Ray
PartIII Mushrooms,LivestockFeedsandOtherBioproducts
5 UtilizationofFruitandVegetableWastesfortheCultivation
ofEdibleMushrooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
ManpreetKaurMannandBalwinderSinghSooch
6 FruitandVegetableWastesasLivestockFeeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
B.Lalramhlimi,DebmalaMukherjee,IviChakraborty,
NilotpalGhosh,ArupChattopadhyay,andRameshC.Dey
vii
viii Contents
7 VegetableandFruitWastesasSubstrateforProduction
ofSingle-CellProteinandAquafeedMeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
FatanehHashempour-Baltork,ParastouFarshi,andKianoush
Khosravi-Darani
8 CompostingandVermicompostingProcess:RelationshipBetween
MicroorganismandPhysicochemicalParameterswithSpecial
ReferencetoTropicalTuberCrops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
R.ArutselvanandM.Nedunchezhiyan
PartIV Enzymes,BiofuelsandOtherNovelApplications
9 VegetableandFruitWastes:UtilizationinNovelIndustrial
Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
GargiGhoshal
10 MicrobialEnzymesandOrganicAcidsProductionfromVegetable
andFruitWastesandTheirApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
PoonamKumari,AkshitaMehta,RutikaSehgal,RameshC.Ray,
andReenaGupta
11 FruitandVegetablePeelWaste:ApplicationsinFoodand
EnvironmentalIndustries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
HarshKumar,KanchanBhardwaj,DaljeetSinghDhanjal,Ruchi
Sharma,EugenieNepovimova,RachnaVerma,DineshKumar,
andKamilKuča
12 BiomoleculesfromOrangeandGrapeWaste:DirectandIndirect
Obtaining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
DafneAngelaCamargo,MileneStefaniPereira,andLuciana
FranciscoFleuri
13 ValorizationofFruitandVegetableWaste:YeastFermentation. . . 315
GamzeNurMüjdeciandKianoushKhosravi-Darani
14 MicrobialProductionofPolysaccharides,Oligosaccharides,and
SugarAlcoholsfromVegetablesandFruitWastes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
KonstantinosKotsanopoulos,SudhanshuS.Behera,
andRameshC.Ray
15 FluorescentCarbonDotsfromVegetableandFruitWastes
andTheirApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
MustafaÇeşme,HasanEskalen,andSadiyeKübraBaşkaya
16 BiocompositesfromFruitandVegetableWastesandTheir
Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
VeenaPaul,AbhishekDuttTripathi,S.Yamini,VinodKumar
Paswan,TejaswiniPatil,TarunVerma,andKianoushKhosraviDarani
Contents ix
17 BiofuelProductionfromVegetableandFruitWastes:Creating
aCircularEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
PreshanthanMoodleyandCristinaTrois
PartV LifeCycleAnalysis
18 LifeCycleAssessmentoftheValorizationofFruitandVegetable
WastesasBiocommoditiesandBiofuels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
NoéAguilar-RiveraandLuisAlbertoOlvera-Vargas
Part I
Introduction