Frontiers of Laser Physics and Quantum Optics: Proceedings of the International Conference on Laser Physics and Quantum Optics

633 Pages·2000·14.97 MB·English

by  Willis E. Lamb Jr. (auth.)

Frontiers of Laser Physics and Quantum Optics
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
ONLINE LIBRARY
Physics and Astronomy
http://www.sprlnger.de/phys/
Zhizhan Xu Shengwu Xie
o.
Shi -Yao Zhu MarIan Scully (Eds.)
Frontiers of laser Physics
and Quantum Optics
Proceedings
of the International Conference
on Laser Physics
and Quantum Optics
With 307 Figures
, Springer
Professor Dr. Zhizhan Xu
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
P.O.B. 800-:m
201 800 Shanghai, China
Professor Dr. Shengwu Xie
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
1954 Huashan Rd.
200 030 Shanghai, China
Professor Dr. Shi-Yao Zhu
Hong Kong Baptist University
Department of Physics
Kowloon
Hong Kong, China
Professor Dr. MarIan Orvil Scully
A & M University, Texas
Department of Physics
TX 77843 College Station, USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek -CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Frontiers of laser physics and quantum optics: proceedings of the International Conference
on Laser Physics and Quantum Optics / Zhizhan Xu ... (ed.). -
ISBN 978-3-642-08644-1 ISBN 978-3-662-07313-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-07313-1
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Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2000
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Preface
Since the advent of the laser about 40 years ago, the fields of laser physics
and quantum optics have evolved into a major disciplines. The early studies
included optical coherence theory and semiclassical and quantum mechanical
theories of the laser. More recently many new and interesting effects have been
predicted. These include the role of coherent atomic effects in lasing without
inversion and electromagnetically induced transparency, atom optics, laser
cooling and trapping, teleportation, the single-atom micromaser and its role
in quantum measurement theory, to name a few.
The International Conference on Laser Physics and Quantum Optics was
held in Shanghai, China, from August 25 to August 28,1999, to discuss these
and many other exciting developments in laser physics and quantum optics.
The international character of the conference was manifested by the fact that
scientists from over 13 countries participated and lectured at the conference.
There were four keynote lectures delivered by Nobel laureate Willis Lamb,
Jr., Profs. H. Walther, A.E. Siegman,and M.O. Scully. In addition, there were
34 invited lectures, 27 contributed oral presentations, and 59 poster papers.
We are grateful to all the participants of the conference and the contributors
of this volume.
Like any scientific activity of this kind, this conference was generously
supported by a number of organizations and funding agencies. Besides the
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai Jiao Tong U ni
versity and Hong Kong Baptist University, the conference was supported
by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Optical
Society of America, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, US Army
Research Office, Lee Hysan Foundation, and Epson Foundation. We take this
opportunity to express our gratitude to all these organizations for their sup
port.
The Editors
Contents
Super Classical Quantum Mechanics:
The Interpretation of Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Willis E. Lamb, Jr. ............................................. 1
1 A Little Bit of My Early History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Attempts to get to the Schrodinger Equation in Different Ways ... 2
3 Quantum Theory of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4 Rewriting the History of Quantum Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5 Historical Misunderstandings ................................. 4
6 What are the Troubles of Classical Mechanics? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8 What are some Troubles with the Determinism
of Newtonian Classical Mechanics? ............................ 6
9 Let's Try Going into the x, p Phase Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
10 Probability Density in Coordinate Space ....................... 8
11 Getting a Partial Differential Equation for 1ft(x, t) ............... 9
12 I will now show that we can deal with Newtonian Mechanics. Let's
test this out with our three simple problems .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
13 If it weren't for stationary states, we would not have Quantum
Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
14 We also want to have time-dependent solutions ................ " 11
15 Method of a complex Gaussian 1ft function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
16 Free Particle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
17 Free fall in a constant uniform force field ............... , . . . . . .. 14
18 Simple harmonic oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
19 Some properties of a complex Gaussian 1ft function. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
20 Non-parabolic Potentials! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
21 More General Potential Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
22 Ehrenfest's Theorem Revisited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
23 Stationary States ............................... ~ . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
24 Extensions to other Problems: Magnetic Fields, Relativity, Spin? .. 17
25 Exchange Degeneracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
26 Remarks on Spin and Magnetic Moments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
27 In Retrospect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
References ..................................................... 19
VIII Contents
The Laser Phase Transition Analogy and the Partition
Function for Bose Condensation of N Atoms in a Trap
MarIan o. Scully. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
References ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
Excess Quantum Noise in Nonnormal Oscillators
A. E. Siegman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31
1 Introduction and Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31
2 Normal and Nonnormal Laser Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32
3 Consequences of Nonnormal Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
4 Derivation of the Excess Noise Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
Single Atom Masers and Lasers
Herbert Walther. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39
2 Experiments with the One Atom Maser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40
3 Ion Trap Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57
4 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64
References ..................................................... 65
Quantum Entanglement: from Popper's Experiment
to Quantum Eraser
Yanhua Shih, Yoon-Ho Kim ..................................... 71
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
2 Popper's Experiment ........................................ 72
3 Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80
4 Conclusion.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87
References ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89
Sub-Shot-Noise Measurements and Quantum-repeater Using
Quantum Correlated Twin Beams
Kunchi Peng, Hai Wang, Jiangrui Gao, Yun Zhang, Hong Su,
Xiaoying Li, Qing Pan, Changde Xie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91
2 Sub-Shot-noise optical measurements .......................... 92
3 Quantum-repeater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96
Mirrorless Oscillation Based on Resonantly Enhanced 4-Wave
Mixing: All-Order Analytic Solutions
M. Fleischhauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97
2 Model and Atomic Polarizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98
3 Stationary field equations and analytic solutions ................. 101
Contents IX
4 Summary ................................................... 106
References ..................................................... 106
Recent Progress in High-Field Laser Physics Research at SIOFM
Zhizhan Xu, Ruxin Li, Zhong Li, Yingsong Wang, Wei Yu, Ya Cheng. 107
1 Introduction ................................................ 107
2 The 5TW/ 46fs Laser System .................................. 108
3 High-Order Harmonic Generation in Gases ..................... 108
4 Ion Emission from Laser Heated Clusters ....................... 113
5 Conclusions ................................................. 115
References ..................................................... 116
Spatial Electron Clouds at Fractional
and Multiple Magneto-optical Resonances
Q. Su, R.E. Wagner, P.J. Peverly, R. Grobe ........ ............... 117
References ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Aspect of Harmonic Generation from Solid Surface Plasma
by Using Picosecond Laser
Hiroto Kuroda, Atsushi Ishizawa, Tsuneyuki Ozaki, Teruto Kanai ..... 125
1 Introduction ................................................ 125
2 Experimental Setup ......................................... 127
3 Experimental Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4 Harmonic Yield Dependence on Pump Polarization .............. 133
5 Harmonic Yield Dependence on Pump Intensity ................. 135
6 Conclusion ................................................. 135
References ................................. , ................... 136
Generation of Short X-ray Pulse from Femtosecond Laser
Produced Plasma and its Application
Hidetoshi Nakano, Peixiang Lu, Tadashi Nishikawa, Naoshi Uesugi .... 139
1 Introduction ................................................ 139
2 X-ray emissions from metal plasma created by a femtosecond laser
pulse ................................... , .................. 140
3 Pump-probe spectroscopy in soft x-ray region ................... 143
4 Summary ................................................... 147
References ..................................................... 147
Multiple-Scattering Effects in the Second Harmonic. Light
Generated at Randomly Rough Metallic Interfaces
E. R. Mendez, M. Leyva-Lucero, T. A. Leskova, A. A. Maradudin 149
1 Introduction ................................................ 149
2 Theoretical Formulation ...................................... 151
3 Results and Discussion ....................................... 157
4 Summary and Conclusions .................................... 169
References ..................................................... 170
X Contents
Pump-Probe Spectroscopy - Revisited
P. R. Berman .................................................. 173
1 Introduction ................................................ 173
2 Density Matrix Result ....................................... 175
3 Amplitude Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
4 Open System ............................................... 180
5 Recoil-Induced Resonances ................................... 181
6 Collective Atomic Recoil Laser ................................ 183
7 Conclusion ................................................. 185
References ..................................................... 186
Electromagnetically Induced Waveguides
and Propagation in Forbidden Zone
G.S. Agarwal ................................................... 187
1 Electromagnetic Field Induced Propagation in Forbidden Zone .... 187
2 Electromagnetic Field Induced Wave Guides .................... 191
References ..................................................... 194
Photon Localization and Exponential Scaling
of Intensity Variance
Andrey A. Chabanov, Azriel Z. Genack ........................... 197
References ..................................................... 201
Coherence and Fluctuation of Light
from Rough Surface Scattering
Zu-Han Gu, Jun Q. Lu, Mikael Cififtan ............................ 203
1 Introduction ................................................ 203
2 Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
3 Angular correlation effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
4 Summary ................................................... 219
References ..................................................... 222
Multiple-Scattering Phenomena in the Scattering of Light
from Randomly Rough Surfaces
E. 1. Chaikina, E. E. Garcia-Guerrero, Zu-Han Gu, T. A. Leskova,
Alexei A. Maradudin, E. R. Mendez, A. V. Shchegrov ............... 225
1 Introduction ................................................ 225
2 Enhanced Backscattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
3 Satellite peaks .............................................. 240
4 Surface Enhanced Spectral Shifts of Scattered Light ............. 249
5 Design of Band-Limited Uniform Diffusers ...................... 253
6 Some Directions for Future Research ........................... 256
References ..................................................... 257