Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics, The X-Games of Contemporary Science

176 Pages·2003·5.508 MB·English

by  Committee on High Energy Density Plasma Physics

F R O N T I E R S I N
High Energy Density
Physics
THE X-GAMES OF
CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE
Committee on High Energy Density Plasma Physics
Plasma Science Committee
Board on Physics and Astronomy
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
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Front Cover: Background image: Hubble Space Telescope image of the Cygnus Loop—the
shock wave from a 20,000-year-old supernova in the constellation of Cygnus. Courtesy of
NASA. Inset images: the Z-Machine, courtesy of Sandia National Laboratories; the OMEGA
laser, courtesy of the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester; and results from
the first gold-on-gold collision experiments at the Relativisitic Heavy Ion Collider, courtesy of
Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Back Cover: The target chamber at the National Ignition Facility, courtesy of Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory; and three-dimensional PIC simulation of a plasma wakefield
accelerator, courtesy of R. Fonseca, Instituto Superior Técnico of Portugal, and the E-162
collaboration.
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COMMITTEE ON HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PLASMA PHYSICS
RONALD C. DAVIDSON, Princeton University, Chair
DAVID ARNETT, University of Arizona
JILL DAHLBURG, General Atomics
PAUL DIMOTAKIS, California Institute of Technology
DANIEL DUBIN, University of California, San Diego
GERALD GABRIELSE, Harvard University
DAVID HAMMER, Cornell University
THOMAS KATSOULEAS, University of Southern California
WILLIAM KRUER, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
RICHARD LOVELACE, Cornell University
DAVID MEYERHOFER, University of Rochester
BRUCE REMINGTON, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
ROBERT ROSNER, University of Chicago
ANDREW SESSLER, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
PHILLIP SPRANGLE, Naval Research Laboratory
ALAN TODD, Advanced Energy Systems
JONATHAN WURTELE, University of California, Berkeley
Staff
DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director
MICHAEL H. MOLONEY, Study Director (from September 2001)
ACHILLES D. SPELIOTOPOULOS, Study Director (November 2000-September
2001)
CYRA A. CHOUDHURY, Project Associate
PAMELA A. LEWIS, Project Associate
NELSON QUIÑONES, Project Assistant
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PLASMA SCIENCE COMMITTEE
THOMAS M. O’NEIL, University of California, San Diego, Chair
MICHAEL S. BARNES, Applied Materials
ALLEN BOOZER, Columbia University
JOHN CARY, University of Colorado, Boulder
CYNTHIA A. CATTELL, University of Minnesota
CARY FOREST, University of Wisconsin, Madison
WALTER GEKELMAN, University of California, Los Angeles
MARK J. KUSHNER, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
DAVID MEYERHOFER, University of Rochester
CLAUDIO PELLEGRINI, University of California, Los Angeles
DMITRI RYUTOV, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
STEWART J. ZWEBEN, Princeton University
Staff
DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director
MICHAEL H. MOLONEY, Program Officer
TIMOTHY I. MEYER, Research Associate
PAMELA A. LEWIS, Project Associate
NELSON QUIÑONES, Project Assistant
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BOARD ON PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
JOHN P. HUCHRA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Chair
ROBERT C. RICHARDSON, Cornell University, Vice Chair
JONATHAN BAGGER, Johns Hopkins University
GORDON A. BAYM, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
CLAUDE R. CANIZARES, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
WILLIAM EATON, National Institutes of Health
WENDY L. FREEDMAN, Carnegie Observatories
FRANCES HELLMAN, University of California, San Diego
KATHRYN LEVIN, University of Chicago
CHUAN SHENG LIU, University of Maryland
LINDA J. (LEE) MAGID, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
THOMAS M. O’NEIL, University of California, San Diego
JULIA M. PHILLIPS, Sandia National Laboratories
BURTON RICHTER, Stanford University
ANNEILA I. SARGENT, California Institute of Technology
JOSEPH H. TAYLOR, JR., Princeton University
THOMAS N. THEIS, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
CARL E. WIEMAN, University of Colorado/JILA
Staff
DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director
ROBERT L. RIEMER, Senior Program Officer
MICHAEL H. MOLONEY, Program Officer
BRIAN DEWHURST, Research Associate
TIMOTHY I. MEYER, Research Associate
PAMELA A. LEWIS, Project Associate
NELSON QUIÑONES, Project Assistant
VAN AN, Financial Associate
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Preface
The Committee on High Energy Density Plasma Physics was established in April
2001 by the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Board on Physics and Astronomy
to identify scientific opportunities and develop a unifying theme for research on
matter under extreme high energy density conditions. Specifically, the committee
was charged with the following tasks: (a) to review recent advances in the field of
high energy density plasma phenomena, on both the laboratory scale and the astro-
physical scale; (b) to provide a scientific assessment of the field, identifying
compelling research opportunities and intellectual challenges; (c) to develop a
unifying framework for diverse aspects of the field; (d) to outline a strategy for
extending the forefronts of the field through scientific experiments at various facilities
where high energy density plasmas can be created; and (e) to discuss the roles of
national laboratories, universities, and industry in achieving these objectives.
While this is a challenging set of tasks, the committee recognizes that now is a
highly opportune time for the nation’s scientists to develop a fundamental under-
standing of the physics of high energy density plasmas. The space-based and ground-
based instruments for measuring astrophysical processes under extreme conditions
are unprecedented in their accuracy and detail. In addition, a new generation of
sophisticated laboratory systems (“drivers”), now existing or planned, creates matter
under extreme high energy density conditions (exceeding 1011 J/m3), permitting the
detailed exploration of physical phenomena under conditions not unlike those in
astrophysical systems. High energy density experiments span a wide range of areas
of physics including plasma physics, materials science and condensed matter
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