Front Matter - Areca Books

35 Pages·2014·1.78 MB·English

Living Landscapes, Connected Communities
The Nippon Foundation Fellowships for Asian Public Intellectuals or API Fellowships
Program was established in 2000 to stimulate the creation of a new pool of engaged
intellectuals in the region. It is a partnership of The Nippon Foundation with institutions in
five participating countries – Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.
Since 2010 Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam have become part of the Program’s scope and
Myanmar also began to participate in 2012. The Program’s aims are to promote mutual
learning and cross-boundary engagement among Asian public intellectuals, to articulate
views on social challenges facing the region, and to contribute to the growth of public spaces
in which effective responses to regional needs can be generated.
Areca Books is a rapidly-growing niche publisher based in Penang, Malaysia. Its ethos
combines editorial intelligence, research rigor, elegant production and marketing flair,
appealing to both popular readers and academic researchers of Malaysia and Southeast
Asia. The imprint has a deserved reputation for pioneering works that celebrate genius loci
and sense of place. Its richly-illustrated publications are enduring contributions to the fields
of cultural heritage, social history, visual arts, and the environment.
Culture, Environment, and
Change across Asia
Edited by
Justine Vaz and Narumol Aphinives
2014
This book was produced under the auspices of
API Regional Project
with the generous support of
The Nippon Foundation
Editorial copyright © 2014 Justine Vaz, Narumol Aphinives,
Areca Books and API Fellowships Program
Individual chapters copyright © 2014 Individual authors
First published in 2014 by Areca Books
120 Armenian Street, 10200 Penang, Malaysia
www.arecabooks.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the copyright holders.
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Living landscapes, connected communities: culture, environment, and
change across Asia / Edited by Justine Vaz and Narumol Aphinives
Includes index
ISBN 978–967–5719–11–0
1. Community development—Asia. 2. Natural resources—Asia.
I. Vaz, Justine. II. Aphinives, Narumol.
307.1412095
Consulting editor • Gareth Richards
Design and layout • Cecilia Mak
Printed by Phoenix Press Sdn Bhd
6 Lebuh Gereja, 10200 Penang, Malaysia
Printed in Malaysia
CONTENTS
List of Maps, Figures, Tables, and Musical Notations viii Revisiting the Memory of a Disaster: The Water 43
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ix Children Project
List of Contributors xi Takako Iwasawa
List of Photographic Credits xviii
Foreword by Tatsuya Tanami xx IIIIIIIIII BBBBBiiiiiwwwwwaaaaakkkkkooooo,,,,, JJJJJaaaaapppppaaaaannnnn 47
Preface xxii Revitalizing Rural Landscapes
Acknowledgements xxv
Learning from the Mountain Communities of 48
IIIIInnnnntttttrrrrroooooddddduuuuuccccctttttiiiiiooooonnnnn 1 Biwako
From the Mountains to the Sea: Making Fumio Nagai, Motoko Kawano, Motoko Shimagami
Connections Across the Region and Wataru Fujita
Dicky Sofjan
The Soundscapes of Mukugawa 69
IIIII KKKKKhhhhhiiiiirrrrriiiiiwwwwwooooonnnnnggggg,,,,, TTTTThhhhhaaaaaiiiiilllllaaaaannnnnddddd 9 Motohide Taguchi
The Enduring Spirit of Khiriwong
The Satoyama Landscapes as a Social-Ecological 70
Community Governance and Management 10 System: Insights from Harihata and Mukugawa
of Natural Resources Ayame Suzuki
Thirawuth Senakham and Supa Yaimuang
People, Mountain Forests, and Governance 84
Belief, Local Wisdom, Nature, and 19 in Harihata
Community Life Myfel Joseph D. Paluga
Kokaew Wongphan
The Padi Field as a Learning Space 96
Community Initiatives Toward Sustainable 26 Motoko Shimagami
Livelihoods
Cristina P. Lim Reliving Community Memories with 100
Virtual Landscapes
Commemoration Rituals and Cultural 33 Toshiya Takahama
Continuity in Khiriwong
Darunee Tantiwiramanond IIIIIIIIIIIIIII KKKKKaaaaallllliiiii CCCCCooooodddddeeeee,,,,, IIIIInnnnndddddooooonnnnneeeeesssssiiiiiaaaaa 103
A River of Dreams
Khiriwong Beliefs and Practices in a Changing 40
World Realizing a Vision for Urban Revitalization 104
Theeraphan Chulakarn in Kali Code
Widodo Brontowiyono and Ribut Lupiyanto
Pemerti Kali Code: Grassroots Initiatives for an 121 The Lake, the Weir, and a Tragic Tale of 171
Alternative Environmental Future Unintended Consequences
Totok Pratopo Henry Chan, Adnan A. Hezri and Justine Vaz
Belief, Nature, and Society in a Sacred Landscape 127 An Encounter with a Traditional Healer 174
Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad Michi Tomioka
A New Collective Identity for the Urban 132 From Blowpipes to Biosfera: Observations 176
Community of Kali Code on Culture and Change
Dwi Any Marsiyanti Jose Estuar
Code Purnama Hatiku (Code, the Full Moon of my 136 Jungle Trekking at Tasik Chini 178
Heart): In Search of Home Through Music Zawiah Yahya
Tomoko Momiyama
Confronting the Crisis, Facing the Future 179
Spirit of Kali Code: Collaboration of Dance, 142 Kam Suan Pheng, Henry Chan, Adnan A. Hezri
Music, Folk Theater, and Wayang Painting and Justine Vaz
Michi Tomioka
VVVVV BBBBBaaaaatttttaaaaannnnneeeeesssss,,,,, TTTTThhhhheeeee PPPPPhhhhhiiiiillllliiiiippppppppppiiiiinnnnneeeeesssss 187
IIIIIVVVVV TTTTTaaaaasssssiiiiikkkkk CCCCChhhhhiiiiinnnnniiiii,,,,, MMMMMaaaaalllllaaaaayyyyysssssiiiiiaaaaa 147 Spirituality and Sustainability in a Sacred Place
An Ecosystem Under Pressure
Traditional Summer Fishing in Batanes 188
Tasik Chini: A Wetland Wonderland 148 Sirirat Katanchaleekul and Henry Chan
Kam Suan Pheng
Sacred versus the Secular: The Decline of 195
Sajak Chini / Poems from Chini 158 Mataw Fishing?
Muhammad Haji Salleh Dave Lumenta
The Story of How the Lake was Created 160 Seasonal Ritual and the Regulation of Fishing 199
Simoi bt Seng and Abas bin Leman Maria F. Mangahas
Impacts on Life and Livelihood: Environmental 161 Tradition Reimagined: Local Government 205
Change through the Eyes of the Community Influences in Mataw Fishing and their
Penchom Saetang and Karnt Thassanaphak Implications for Sustainability
Rosalie Arcala Hall
Pantun Tasik Chini / Lake Chini Pantun 170
Noorhayati Abdullah
vi LIVING LANDSCAPES, CONNECTED COMMUNITIES
Women’s Lives in Diura, Mahatao 215 Asian Ecology and Knowledge of the Sacred: 265
Cristina P. Lim Communal Rituals, Cultural Meaning, and
Community Inventiveness
Moved by the Island: Dancing in Sabtang 219 Dicky Sofjan
Joyce Lim Suan Li
Traditional Music as a Medium of Collective 272
A Traditional Laji Song 222 Memories: Cases from Batanes and Biwako
Motohide Taguchi Motohide Taguchi
Maywang a Libro Du Vatan, or “The Blank Book 223 A Question of Balance? Non-Linear Change, 283
Archives Project” by the Artist, Jay Ticar Ecology, and Governance
Rosalie Arcala Hall Adnan A. Hezri
VVVVVIIIII RRRRReeeeettttthhhhhiiiiinnnnnkkkkkiiiiinnnnnggggg HHHHHuuuuummmmmaaaaannnnn–––––EEEEEcccccooooolllllooooogggggiiiiicccccaaaaalllll 226 The Challenges of Building a Community: 292
BBBBBaaaaalllllaaaaannnnnccccceeeee A Reflection
Danilo Francisco M. Reyes and Yeoh Seng Guan
Innovative Practices for Safeguarding Cultural 227
Landscapes in Asia: Watershed Villages in Japan The Force of Interconnectedness 297
and Thailand Sombath Somphone
Wimonrart Issarathumnoon
CCCCCooooonnnnncccccllllluuuuusssssiiiiiooooonnnnn 302
The Rights of Indigenous People and 237 Ecologies of Hope Across Contemporary Asia
Environmental Governance in Peninsular Justine Vaz
Malaysia
Yonariza and Justine Vaz Glossary of terms 323
Index 326
Using Local Knowledge for Disaster Risk 250
Reduction: Experiences from Thailand and
Indonesia
Ekoningtyas Margu Wardani and Justine Vaz
Collaborative Disaster Risk Management 260
in Kali Code
Trias Aditya
LIVING LANDSCAPES, CONNECTED COMMUNITIES vii
MAPS, FIGURES, TABLES, AND MUSICAL NOTATIONS
Maps 2.10 Landscape perception of dwelling spaces of 85
1.1 Khiriwong 11 humans and animals
2.1 The Ado River basin west of Biwako 49 2.11 Difference in village-level characteristics of 88
3.1 Kali Code 105 communities
4.1 Tasik Chini 149 2.12 Intervillage symbiotic relations and the Ado 90
5.1 Natural and cultural heritage zones, Batan 189 River–Biwako nexus
island, Batanes 6.1 Balanced development model 299
6.1 Mt Merapi eruption: population living within 255 6.2 Boom: unbalanced growth and development 300
the safety zone, 20 km is unstable and under stress
6.2 Impact of cold lava flood on Kali Code 263 6.3 Bust: collapsing to readjust 300
6.3 Nationwide distribution of textual variants of 275
Mukugawa ondo songs in Japan, with main Tables
roads and sea trading routes in the eighteenth 5.1 Sacred and secular styles of fishing, Batanes 195
and nineteenth centuries 6.1 Contemporary natural resources exploitation 241
6.4 Regional distribution of textual variants of 276 in Tasik Chini, Pahang
Mukugawa ondo songs with main roads in the 6.2 Mt Merapi eruption as it unfolded 254
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries 6.3 Examples of local and imported materials 277
used to make and repair instruments
Figures
1.1 Relations in the communal property regime 13 Musical Notations
1.2 Suan som rom cultivation season 21 6.1 Melody of laji in Savidug 273
2.1 Abandoned farmland, 1995, 2000, and 2005 72 6.2 Melody of the Mukugawa ondo 274
(1,000 ha and %)
2.2 Social-ecological systems in Kutsuki before the 74
1950s
2.3 Population of Kutsuki, 1940–2004 74
2.4 Share of domestic and imported timber, 1955– 75
2008
2.5 Timber prices, 1955–2008 75
2.6 Population in the agricultural sector in 77
Takashima city by age group, 2005
2.7 Abandoned farmland in Takashima city, 77
1995–2007 (ha)
2.8 The fluctuating satoyama landscape since the 78
1950s
2.9 Traditional village–forest relations 85
viii LIVING LANDSCAPES, CONNECTED COMMUNITIES
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
API The Nippon Foundation Fellowships for GPS global positioning system
Asian Public Intellectuals
ha hectare
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
HFA Hyogo Framework for Action
BLH Balai Lingkungan Hidup [Environmental
HMA Hilly and mountainous area
Institute] (Indonesia)
IOM International Organization for Migration
°C degrees Celsius
IPRA Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act
CBD United Nations Convention on Biological
(Philippines)
Diversity
ISI Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta
CD compact disc
[Indonesian Institute of the Arts
CIDA Canadian International Development Yogyakarta]
Agency
IUCN International Union for Conservation of
COAC Center for Orang Asli Concerns Nature
(Malaysia)
JAKOA Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli Malaysia
CVGHM Center of Volcanology and Geological [Department for Orang Asli Development,
Hazard Mitigation (Indonesia) Malaysia]
DENR Department of Environment and Natural JKOASM Jaringan Kampung Orang Asli
Resources (Philippines) Semenanjung Malaysia [Orang Asli
Villages Network in Peninsular Malaysia]
DepEd Batanes Department of Education, Division of
Batanes (Philippines) JOANGOHutan Network of Indigenous Peoples and
NGOs on Forest Issues (Malaysia)
EMRIP Expert Mechanism on the Rights of
Indigenous Peoples JOAS Jaringan Orang Asal Se-Malaysia
[Indigenous People’s Network of Malaysia]
FELCRA Federal Land Consolidation and
Rehabilitation Authority (Malaysia) kg kilogram
FMCU Forum Masyarakat Code Utara [North km kilometer
Code Community Forum] (Indonesia)
LDP Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
GCC Gerakan Cinta Code [Love Code
LKFT Lembaga Kerjasama Fakultas Teknik
Movement] (Indonesia)
[Cooperation Institution of the Faculty of
GIS geographic information systems Engineering] (Indonesia)
GNH gross national happiness LTER long-term ecological monitoring
GNP gross national product m meter
LIVING LANDSCAPES, CONNECTED COMMUNITIES ix
MAB Man and the Biosphere UKDW Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana
(Indonesia)
ml milliliter
UNCHR United Nations Commission on Human
MNS Malaysian Nature Society
Rights
NCR native customary rights
UNDP United Nations Development Program
NGO non-governmental organization
UNDRIP United Nations General Declaration on
PADETC Participatory Development Training the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Centre (Laos)
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and
PATA Pacific Asia Travel Association Cultural Organization
PU Departemen Pekerjaan Umum UPEN Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri [State
[Department of Public Works] (Indonesia) Economic Planning Unit] (Malaysia)
RISDA Rubber Industry Smallholders USA United States of America
Development Authority (Malaysia)
UTY Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta
RM Malaysian ringgit (Indonesia)
RW rukun warga [neighborhood association] WGIP UN Working Group on Indigenous
(Indonesia) Populations
SUHAKAM Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Malaysia [Human WWF World Wide Fund for Nature
Rights Commission of Malaysia]
SUSDEN Sustainable Development Network
(Malaysia)
TCRC Tasik Chini Research Centre (Malaysia)
TKPS Team Komunitas Pinggiran Sungai
[Riverside Community Team] (Indonesia)
TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership
UAJY Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta
(Indonesia)
UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
UGM Universitas Gadjah Mada (Indonesia)
UII Universitas Islam Indonesia
x LIVING LANDSCAPES, CONNECTED COMMUNITIES