From Tiberius to the Antonines: A History of the Roman Empire AD 14-192

874 Pages·2014·45.078 MB·English

by  Albino Garzetti

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Routledge Revivals
From Tiberius to the Antonines
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6 The first two centuries of the Christian era were largely a period of con-
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5 solidation for the Roman Empire. However, the history of the heyday of
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: Roman imperium is far from dull, for Augustus’ successors ranged from capable
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0 administrators - Tiberius, Claudius and Hadrian - to near-madmen like Cali-
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a gula and the amateur gladiator Commodus, who might have wrecked the
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y system but for its inherent strength.
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ve Albino Garzetti’s classic From Tiberius to the Antonines, first published in 1960,
ni presents a definitive account of this fascinating period, which combines a clear
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s and readable narrative with a thorough discussion of the methodological pro-
u blems and primary sources. Regarding difficult historical questions, it can be
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g relied upon for careful and reasonable judgments based on a full mastery of an
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immense amount of material. Nearly three hundred pages of critical notes and
s a comprehensive bibliography complement the text, ensuring its continuing
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u relevance for all students of Roman history.
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From Tiberius to the Antonines
A History of the Roman Empire AD 14-192
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Albino Garzetti
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Routledge
REV I VA SLTaylor & Francis Group
Firstpublishedin1974
byMethuen&CoLtd
Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2014byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN
andbyRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
5 ©1974Methuen&CoLtd.
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20 TherightofAlbinoGarzettitobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedby
y him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
a 1988.
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6 All rightsreserved.No part ofthis bookmaybe reprintedor reproducedor utilisedin
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0 Publisher’sNote
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a Thepublisherhasgonetogreatlengthstoensurethequalityofthisreprintbutpoints
y] outthatsomeimperfectionsintheoriginalcopiesmaybeapparent.
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s Disclaimer
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v The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes
ni correspondencefromthosetheyhavebeenunabletocontact.
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s ALibraryofCongressrecordexistsunderLCcontrolnumber:74170753
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a ISBN13:978-1-138-01920-1(hbk)
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ISBN13:978-1-315-77909-6(ebk)
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t Additional materials are available on the companion website at
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a http://www.routledge.com/books/series/Routledge_Revivals
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ALBINO GARZETTI
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1 FROM TIBERIUS
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M TO THE ANTONINES
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: A History of the Roman Empire
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] a AD 14-192
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U Translatedb y R. Foster
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METHUEN & CO LTD
LONDON
First publishedi n 1960 as
L'Impero da Tiberio agli Antonini
by Istituto di Studi Romani,R ome
5 © 1960 Istituto di Studi Romani,R ome
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0 This English translation, including
2 author's revisions and additions,f irst publishedi n 1974 •
ay by Methuen & Co Ltd, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
M First publisheda s a University Paperbacki n 1976
6 © 1.974 Methuen & Co Ltd
0 Printed in Great Britain by
5 Butler & Tanner Ltd, Frome and London
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6 ISBN 0 416 16800 0 (hardbacke dition)
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t ISBN 0 416 70480 8 (paperbacke dition)
a
] This title is available in both hardback and paperbacke ditions. The paperback
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t edition is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or
i
rs otherwise,b e lent, resold, hired out or otherwisec irculated without the publisher's
e prior consenti n any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published
v
i and without a similar condition including this condition being imposedo n the
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U subsequenpt urchaser.
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u Distributed in the USA by
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g HARPER & ROW PUBLISHERS, INC.
Ma BARNES & NOBLE IMPORT DIVISION
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CONTENTS
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0 Translator'sP reface page xi
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y] PART I
it THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYN ASTY
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iv I TIBERIUS 3
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U The Successiona fter Augustus 3
us The Early Stagesa nd the Programmeo f Tiberius's Reign 19
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g Germanicus 33 The Trials 43
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M The Dynastic Crisis and the SejanusA ffair 5I
s Difficulties Abroad 63 The Last Years 67
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ta II GAlUS 80
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V The Early Days 80 Absolutism and Self-deification 86
f External Affairs 92 The End 100
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ar III CLAUDIUS 106
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b The Continuationo f the Principate 106
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[ Claudius the Man - The Family - the Court - the Nobility 11 I
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b The Princeps:A ctivity Abroad II?
ed The Statesmana nd Reformer I 3I
ad The Decline and End 141
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w IV NERO 146
o 'Quinquenniuma ureum' 146 The Assertion of Despotism 157
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ExternaI1Affairs: Parthiaa nd Britain,
the Rhine and the Danube 170
The Collapse 181
Vllt CONTENTS
PART II
CRISIS AND RENEWAL:
FROM GALBA TO TRAJAN
V THE PRINCIPATE'S FIRST CRISIS
15 OR THE YEAR OF THE FOUR EMPERORS 193
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2 The Reign of Galba 193 The Reign of Otho 203
y The Reign of Vitellius 212
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06 VI VESPASIAN AND TITUS 227
5 Vespasian'sV ictory 227
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6: The Reorganizationo f the Empire 236
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t Foreign Affairs: Wars and Conquests2 53
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] The Reign of Titus 257
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er VII DOMITIAN 265
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i DeclaredA utocracy 265
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U The Conflict with the Aristocracy 269
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u The Governmento f the Empire 276 The Wars 286
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g The Terror and the End 292
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as VIII NERVA 296
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u Successiona nd Work 296
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yt The Adoption of Trajan and the End 304
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y o IX TRAJ AN 308
r 'Optimus princeps' 308 The Dacian Wars 318
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b Public Works 329 Policy and Administration 33 9
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L The Zenith of the Empire 355
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y The Conquesto f the East and the End 363
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X HADRIAN 377
'Pax Romana'a nd 'Aeternitasi mperii' 377
Hadrian'sJ ourneys 386
The Administrative Machine 402
Security and Defence 4 8 Society and Culture 424
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The End 435
CONTENTS IX
XI ANTONINUS PIUS 441
'Tranquillitas Ordinis' 441 Administration 445
Legislation 455
'Moenia mundi': the Defenceo f the Imperial Peace 4_60
5 Tradition and Conservation4 66
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20 XII MARCUS AURELIUS AND LUCIUS VERUS 472
y The 'Double Principate' 472 The War in the East 474
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M The First Serieso f Wars on the Danube-
6 Germansa nd Sarmatians4 80
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5 Crisis in the East and the Last GermanW ar 499
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: The Work of Government 506
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at XIII COMMODUS 528
y] 'Natus imperator' 528 The Events of the Reign 531
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si The Achievementso f the Reign 539
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ve The End of Commodusa nd the Twilight of the Principate 548
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s APPENDICES
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a PART I: CRITICAL NOTES
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On the Successiono f Tiberius 557
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a On the Rule of Tiberius 563 Germanicus 572
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a The Trials 576 Sejanus.T he Last Years of Tiberius 577
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y Gaius and his Reign 580
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f Claudius. Personality, Education, Family Circumstances5 86
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y Claudius'sW ork 589
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a Nero. Personalitya nd Milieu 605
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i The Reign of Nero. Internal Problems 612
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[ The Reign of Nero. Wars and the Provinces 618
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b The Year of the Four Emperors 622
ed The Advent of the Flavians 629
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a The Work of Vespasian6 )4 The Reign of Titus 642
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l The Figure of Domitian and the Conflict
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with the Aristocracy 645
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D The Work of Domitian 649
The Wars Waged by Domitian 655 The Reign of N erva 658
The Reign of Trajan. Successiona nd Adoption.
Chronological Problems 661
Trajan's Administration 664 The Wars of Trajan 676
Hadrian. The Successiona nd the Programmeo f the Reign 68 I