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From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia PDF

254 Pages·2016·1.77 MB·English
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FROM SUFISM TO AHMADIYYA FROM SUFISM TO AHMADIYYA A MusliM Minority MoveMent in south AsiA Adil Hussain Khan Indiana University Press Bloomington & Indianapolis This book is a publication of Indiana University Press Office of Scholarly Publishing Herman B Wells Library 350 1320 East 10th Street Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA iupress.indiana.edu © 2015 by Adil Hussain Khan All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. Manufactured in the United States of America Cataloging information is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-0-253-01523-5 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-253-01529-7 (ebook) 1 2 3 4 5 20 19 18 17 16 15 For my parents Contents Acknowledgments ix A Note on Transliteration and Translation xi Introduction 1 1 Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani before Prophethood 21 2 The Prophetic Claims of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 42 3 Authority, Khilāfat, and the Lahori-Qadiani Split 64 4 Politics and the Ahmadiyya Movement under Mirza Bashir al-Din Mahmud Ahmad 91 5 Religion and Politics after Partition: The Ahmadi Jihad for Kashmir 111 6 Early Opposition and the Roots of Ahmadi Persecution 128 7 Persecution in Pakistan and Politicization of Ahmadi Identity 144 Conclusion 167 Appendix: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s Family Tree 183 Glossary 185 Notes 189 Bibliography 221 Index 233 Acknowledgments M Any people hAve contributed to the publication of this book in various capacities. I am deeply indebted to Professor Christopher Shackle, whose sup- port and guidance shaped this project from its earliest stages. I would also like to thank Professors Paul Gifford, Kate Crosby, Oliver Scharbrodt, David Azzopardi, James Alexander Kapalo, and Sarah Stewart for their stimulating discussions and input in the direction of my research. Dr. Matthew Nelson and Huma Chughtai provided valuable insights into Pakistani politics and the National Assembly de- bates. Professors Ian Talbot and Avril A. Powell provided constructive feedback on earlier drafts of this project, from which I benefited greatly. I would also like to thank the editorial staff at Indiana University Press, who provided numerous suggestions for improvement and saw this project through to its completion. The imam of London’s Fazl mosque, Maulana Ataul Mujeeb Rashid, patient- ly dealt with and responded to endless questions on the subtleties of Ahmadi theology, especially during my first two years of research. Maulana Abdul Man- nan Tahir and family were kind enough to extend their hospitality to me on a number of occasions; they also put me in touch with many notable Ahmadis in Britain, India, and Pakistan. The extended family members of Abdul Mannan Tahir guided me through Rabwah and Qadian upon my arrival and helped me make the most of my visits, which would have otherwise been far less productive had I been on my own. Maulana Sayyid Mir Mahmud Ahmad Nasir, principal of the Ahmadi seminary in Rabwah, was exceptionally kind and provided access to seminary resources in addition to granting me permission to speak freely with faculty members in Rabwah. The late Maulana Dost Muhammad Shahid gra- ciously answered several questions both in person and through correspondence and pointed me in the appropriate direction regarding historical aspects of my research, even when our trajectories differed. I am also very grateful for the help of Dr. Navidul Haq Khan and family, whose faithful devotion to Jama῾at-i Ah- madiyya left a lasting impression in my mind. Siraj and Sabah were particularly helpful and always eager to offer assistance by enthusiastically sifting through Ahmadi literature with me. I must also thank Sabahussalaam Smith, Pasha Dougela, Tariq Sami, Syed Tayyeb Ahmad Shah, Waqar Jamil, and Ray Mynatt for their long conversations, which often challenged my developing ideas and enabled me to pursue new av- enues of research, especially at the beginning of this project. The family of Jam- shed and Sharaf Tirmizi warmly welcomed me into their home in Lahore, which ix

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