From recipients to donors : emerging powers and the changing development landscape

282 Pages·2012·10.949 MB·English

by  Emma Mawdsley

About the author
Emma Mawdsley is a senior lecturer in the
Geography Department, University of Cambridge,
and a Fellow of Newnham College. Her recent work
on development politics focuses on the ‘rising
powers’, and includes a co-authored book (with
Gerard McCann) on contemporary India–Africa
relations, and publications on China and Africa. She
recently led a project examining public perceptions
of development cooperation in China, India, Poland,
Russia and South Africa.
This book is dedicated to my
mother, to whom I owe so much
and whom I love dearly.
From recipients to donors
Emerging powers and the changing
development landscape
Emma mawdslEy
Zed Books
london | nEw york
From Recipients to Donors: Emerging powers and the changing development
landscape was first published in 2012 by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street,
London n1 9jf, uk and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, ny
10010, usa
www.zedbooks.co.uk
Copyright © Emma Mawdsley 2012
The right of Emma Mawdsley to be identified as the author of this work
has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act, 1988
Set in OurType Arnhem and Monotype Futura by
Ewan Smith, London
Index: [email protected]
Cover designed by Rogue Four Design
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior
permission of Zed Books Ltd.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data available
IsBn 978 1 84813 948 0 eb
Contents
Tables and boxes | vi Acknowledgements | vii
Abbreviations | ix
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Contexts: the rising powers and mainstream foreign aid . . . . 17
2 Histories and lineages of non-DAC aid and development
cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
3 The (re-)emerging development partners today: institutions,
recipients and flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
4 Modalities and practices: the substance of (re-)emerging
development partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5 Discourse, imagery and performance: constructing non-DAC
development assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
6 Institutional overtures, challenges and changes: changing
development governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
7 From aid to development effectiveness and New Global
Partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Notes | 219 Bibliography | 225
Index | 258
Tables and boxes
Tables
3.1 The 2011 figures for non-DAC countries reporting to DAC . . 80
5.1 The symbolic claims of Western donors and Southern
development cooperation partners . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
5.2 What the symbolic regimes of Western donors and Southern
development cooperation obscure . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Boxes
0.1 Cuba’s aid ignored by the media?. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.1 Japan’s focus on infrastructure and productivity . . . . . . 38
1.2 Summary of the Paris Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.3 Summary of the Accra Agenda for Action . . . . . . . . . 40
3.1 Chinese ‘aid’ to Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.2 The (re-)emerging partners and the UN World Food
Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.1 Chinese support for agricultural productivity in Africa . . . 131
4.2 Social policy: Brazil’s newest export? . . . . . . . . . . . 132
5.1 Eight principles of Chinese development assistance . . . . 155
5.2 The San José Accord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
6.1 China and foreign aid governance in the Pacific . . . . . . 178
6.2 Brazil and TDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
vi
Acknowledgements
This book has been nearly three years in the making, and I
have countless people to thank for their intellectual stimu-
lation and collegial support over this time. Many of the
ideas and arguments have been presented in departmental
seminars, workshops and conferences, and I am grateful
to organizers, other presenters and audiences for being
such a rich source of feedback and advice. These include
events at the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute
of British Geographers; the Developing Areas Research
Group; the Annual Association of American Geographers;
the Institute of Development Studies; the departments of
Geography and of International Relations and Politics at
Otago University, New Zealand; the Paekakariki Institute
of Social Science in New Zealand; Durham University
Geography Department; Trinity College Dublin Geography
Department; Sheffield University Geography Department;
DANIDA, Denmark; the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
and the NGO Polish Humanitarian Action. A number of
research grants have contributed to the analysis in this
book, and I am very grateful to the British Academy, the
Department for International Development (Futures of Aid
Programme) and Newnham College, Cambridge, for their
support.
In the closing stages of writing this book I was awarded
the Ron Lister Visiting Fellowship by the Department of
Geography at Otago University in New Zealand. I had four
very happy months getting to know the lovely city of Dun-
edin as well as New Zealand a little, and meeting students
and staff in Unicol and in the Geography Department. I
am grateful for the enormous personal and professional
generosity and warmth I experienced, and the tremen-
dous opportunity to learn from my colleagues in Otago,
Auckland, Massey and Victoria universities, while getting a
sense of seeing the world from the Pacific. Kia ora!
vii
Many individuals have contributed to the ideas ex-
pressed in this book, all of whom have been generous with
their time and their expertise. In particular, I would like
to thank Glenn Banks, Richa Bansal, Tony Binns, Deborah
Bräutigam, Laura Collins, Jennifer Constantine, Penny
Davies, Ela Drazkiewicz, Thomas Fues, Patty Gray, Nilima
Gulrajani, Doug Hill, Soyeun Kim, Sungmi Kim, Kenneth
King, Colin Lawson, Simon Lightfoot, Gerard McCann,
Cheryl McEwan, Giles Mohan, Warwick Murray, Etienne
Nel, Philippe Nel, John Overton, Dinesh Paudel, Sarah
Radcliffe, Venkat Ramanujam Ramani, Regina Scheyvens,
Alex Shankland, Pranay Sinha, Katia Taela, Lena Tan, May
Tan-Mullins and Helen Yanacopolos. I would also like to
take this opportunity to thank Stuart Corbridge, who has
been a generous supervisor, mentor and friend over many
years, as well as a great intellectual inspiration. I appreci-
ate being among supportive and stimulating students,
colleagues and staff at the Department of Geography and
Newnham College in Cambridge University.
Particular thanks to Jenny Constantine, Penny Davies,
Cheryl McEwan, Thomas Fues, Sungmi Kim, Colin
Lawson, Simon Lightfoot, Pranay Sinha and Katie Willis,
who read all or parts of the manuscript at various stages.
All deficiencies remain my own. Amy Carrithers, George
Carrothers, Regina Hansda and Sungmi Kim were press-
ganged into helping out with the bibliography, which they
did with grace and efficiency.
I have lost count of the number of times I have read
acknowledgments in other books that include thanks
to publishers and apologies for being somewhat late in
meeting deadlines. The full force of this has been brought
home to me over the last year and more, so I would like to
say a sincere thank you to Jakob Horstmann and Tamsine
O’Riordan at Zed Books, who have been more than patient
in the face of repeated delays.
viii
Abbreviations
ACGI Arab Coordination Group Institutions
ADB Asian Development Bank
BPD Busan Partnership Document
BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, China
CEE Central and Eastern Europe
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
COMECON Soviet Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
CRS Creditors Reporting System
CSO civil society organization
DAC Development Assistance Committee
DCF Development Cooperation Forum
DE development effectiveness
DfID Department for International Development
ECOSOC Social and Economic Council of the United Nations
FOCAC Forum on China–Africa Cooperation
FTS Financial Tracking Service
GNI gross national income
HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Country
HLF High Level Forum
IATI International Aid Transparency Initiative
IBSA India, Brazil, South Africa
ICT information and communication technology
IDA International Development Agency
IECDF International Economic Cooperation Development Fund
IMF International Monetary Fund
IR international relations
ITEC Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
KJAS Kenya Joint Assistance Strategy
LoC line of credit
MDG Millennium Development Goal
NAM Non-Aligned Movement
NDD non-DAC donor
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development
ix