From parallel to emergent computing PDF
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From Parallel to Emergent Computing From Parallel to Emergent Computing Edited by Andrew Adamatzky Selim G. Akl Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis MATLAB® and Simulink® are trademarks of the MathWorks, Inc. and are used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® and Simulink® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by the MathWorks of a particular peda- gogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® and Simulink® software. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-05401-1 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑ in‑ Publication Data Names: Adamatzky, Andrew, editor. | Akl, Selim G., editor. | Sirakoulis, Georgios Ch., editor. Title: From parallel to emergent computing / [edited by] Andrew Adamatzky, Selim Akl, Georgios Sirakoulis. Description: Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] | Produced in celebration of the 25th anniversary of the International Journal of Parallel, Emergent, and Distributed Systems. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018050900| ISBN 9781138054011 (hardback : acid-free paper) | ISBN 9781315167084 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Parallel processing (Electronic computers) | Electronic data processing Distributed processing. Classification: LCC QA76.58 .F755 2019 | DDC 004/.35--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018050900 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface ..............................................................................................................................ix Editor Bios ........................................................................................................................xi Contributors ...................................................................................................................xiii Editorial Boards of the International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems .......................................................................................................xix Part 1 Networks and Parallel Computing Chapter 1 On the Importance of Parallelism for the Security of Quantum Protocols .................................................................................3 Marius Nagy and Naya Nagy Chapter 2 Analytical Modeling and Optimization of an Elastic Cloud Server System .........................................................................................31 Keqin Li Chapter 3 Towards an Opportunistic Software-Defined Networking Solution ....................................................................................................49 Lefteris Mamatas, Alexandra Papadopoulou, and Vassilis Tsaoussidis Chapter 4 Structural Properties and Fault Resiliency of Interconnection Networks ...................................................................77 Eddie Cheng, Rong-Xia Hao, Ke Qiu, and Zhizhang Shen Part 2 Distributed Systems Chapter 5 Dynamic State Transitions of Individuals Enhance Macroscopic Behavioral Diversity of Morphogenetic Collective Systems ...............................................................................105 Hiroki Sayama Chapter 6 Toward Modeling Regeneration via Adaptable Echo State Networks ................................................................................................117 Jennifer Hammelman, Hava Siegelmann, Santosh Manicka, and Michael Levin Chapter 7 From Darwinian Evolution to Swarm Computation and Gamesourcing ......................................................................................135 Ivan Zelinka, Donald Davendra, Lenka Skanderová, Tomáš Vantuch, Lumír Kojecký, and Michal Bukáček vi Contents Chapter 8 A Scalable and Modular Software Architecture for Finite Elements on Hierarchical Hybrid Grids ........................................177 Nils Kohl, Dominik Thönnes, Daniel Drzisga, Dominik Bartuschat, and Ulrich Rüde Chapter 9 Minimal Discretised Agent‑Based Modelling of the Dynamics of Change in Reactive Systems ....................................199 Tiago G. Correale and Pedro P.B. de Oliveira Chapter 10 Toward a Crab‑Driven Cellular Automaton ................................221 Yuta Nishiyama, Masao Migita, Kenta Kaito, and Hisashi Murakami Chapter 11 Evolving Benchmark Functions for Optimization Algorithms ...........................................................................................239 Yang Lou, Shiu Yin Yuen, and Guanrong Chen Chapter 12 Do Ant Colonies Obey the Talmud? ...............................................261 Andrew Schumann Chapter 13 Biomorphs with Memory .................................................................273 Ramón Alonso-Sanz Chapter 14 Constructing Iterated Exponentials in Tilings of the Euclidean and of the Hyperbolic Plane ........................................285 Maurice Margenstern Chapter 15 Swarm Intelligence for Area Surveillance Using Autonomous Robots ..........................................................................315 Tilemachos Bontzorlos, Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis, and Franciszek Seredynski Part 3 Emergent Computing Chapter 16 Unconventional Wisdom: Superlinear Speedup and Inherently Parallel Computations .................................................347 Selim G. Akl Chapter 17 Algorithmic Information Dynamics of Emergent, Persistent, and Colliding Particles in the Game of Life ...........367 Hector Zenil, Narsis A. Kiani, and Jesper Tegnér Chapter 18 On Mathematics of Universal Computation with Generic Dynamical Systems ...........................................................................385 Vasileios Athanasiou and Zoran Konkoli Contents vii Chapter 19 Localized DNA Computation ..........................................................407 Hieu Bui and John Reif Chapter 20 The Graph Is the Message: Design and Analysis of an Unconventional Cryptographic Function ...................................425 Selim G. Akl Chapter 21 Computing via Self‑Optimising Continuum ...............................443 Alexander Safonov Chapter 22 Exploring Tehran with Excitable Medium ..................................475 Andrew Adamatzky and Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi Chapter 23 Feasibility of Slime‑Mold‑Inspired Nano‑Electronic Devices .................................................................................................489 Takahide Oya Chapter 24 A Laminar Cortical Model for 3D Boundary and Surface Representations of Complex Natural Scenes ..............................509 Yongqiang Cao and Stephen Grossberg Chapter 25 Emergence of Locomotion Gaits through Sensory Feedback in a Quadruped Robot ...................................................547 Paolo Arena, Andrea Bonanzinga, and Luca Patanè Chapter 26 Towards Cytoskeleton Computers. A Proposal ..........................575 Andrew Adamatzky, Jack Tuszynski, Jö rg Pieper, Dan V. Nicolau, Rosaria Rinaldi, Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis, Victor Erokhin, Jö rg Schnauß , and David M. Smith Index .............................................................................................................................597 Preface The evolution of computing and computers in the last 30 years evidences flourish- ing, innovative and unorthodox concepts in the nature of computation and informa- tion processing and in the structure of unconventional computing substrates. In the 1990s, interest in parallel computing reached its peak. By the 2000s, parallelism in computation fully established itself in our everyday life and the topic lost its original exotic nature, but not its fundamental importance. The attention of some research- ers in computer science and allied professions shifted to information processing on distributed systems, including mobile fault tolerant networks, big data analytics and, indeed, algorithms inspired by nature and novel computing devices beyond silicon. A quarter of a century of evolving computing has been reflected in the life of the International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems published by Taylor & Francis. In 1993 Professor D. J. Evans (Loughborough University, UK) founded the journal Parallel Algorithms and Applications (1993– 2004). At the time, the Editorial Board (see Appendix) featured leading authorities in parallel algorithms, computational geometry and cryptography (S. G. Akl); numerical analysis (O. Brudaru); high-per- formance computing (F. Dehne); program parallelisation and functional programming (C. Lenguaer); programming languages and methods (C. Lengauer); algorithms (M. Clint); scheduling and machine learning (V. J. Rayward-Smith); systolic algorithms (N. Petkov); wireless sensor networks and pervasive and mobile computing (S. K. Das); soft and evolutionary computing (L. M. Patnaik); data mining (V. J. Rayward-Smith); networking and distributed computing (B. Wah); optimisation (S. A. Zenios); and in many other fields of computer science and numerical mathematics. Professor Graham M. Megson (University of Westminster, UK) served as Editor- in-Chief of the journal from 2001 to 2003. Professor Ivan Stojmenovic (University of Ottawa, Canada) took over in late 2004 and initiated the change in the name— International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems — and scope of the journal starting from the 2005 volume till 2014. Professor Andrew Adamatzky (UWE Bristol, UK) was appointed Editor-in-Chief in 2014. The edito- rial board of the Journal was diversified to reflect interdisciplinary directions of modern computer and computing sciences and now demonstrates expertise in liter- ally all fields of science and engineering related to computing (see Appendix). The Journal established a strong reputation as a world-leading journal publishing original research in the areas of parallel, emergent, nature-inspired and distributed systems. Examples of the Journal topics are biocomputing; ad hoc and sensor wireless network; complex distributed systems; languages, compilers and operating systems; molecu- lar and chemical computing; novel hardware; parallel algorithms: design, analysis and applications; neuromorphic computers; cloud computing; distributed systems and algorithms; theory of computation; evolutionary computing; physics of computation; ix
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