From OV to VO in Early Middle English (Linguistik Aktuell Linguistics Today)

374 Pages·2001·1.67 MB·English

by  Carola Trips

<ATSKSWVUIIDUEOZTIBYDOTEFLJWFHTECESHHCOOIEN"ETTRRFFI"rDG1Oo"""5SLHm4"0i"nT">"g"Ou"Vi2s2ti0tk"oAVkOtueilnl/LEinagrulyistMicsiddTloedaEyn,glVisohl"ume60"
FromOVtoVOinEarlyMiddleEnglish
Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today
Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA) provides a platform for original
monograph studies into synchronic and diachronic linguistics. Studies in LA
confrontempiricalandtheoreticalproblemsasthesearecurrentlydiscussedin
syntax,semantics,morphology,phonology,andsystematicpragmaticswiththe
aim to establish robust empirical generalizations within a universalistic
perspective.
SeriesEditor
WernerAbraham
UniversityofVienna
AdvisoryEditorialBoard
GuglielmoCinque(UniversityofVenice)
GüntherGrewendorf(J.W.Goethe-University,Frankfurt)
LilianeHaegeman(UniversityofLille,France)
HubertHaider(UniversityofSalzburg)
ChristerPlatzack(UniversityofLund)
IanRoberts(CambridgeUniversity)
KenSafir(RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswickNJ)
LisadeMenaTravis(McGillUniversity)
StenVikner(UniversityofAarhus)
C.Jan-WouterZwart(UniversityofGroningen)
Volume60
FromOVtoVOinEarlyMiddleEnglish
byCarolaTrips
From OV to VO
in Early Middle English
Carola Trips
UniversityofStuttgart
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany
Amsterdam(cid:1)/(cid:1)Philadelphia
TM ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican
8
NationalStandardforInformationSciences–PermanenceofPaperforPrinted
LibraryMaterials,ansiz39.48-1984.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
CarolaTrips
FromOVtoVOinEarlyMiddleEnglish / CarolaTrips.
p. cm.(LinguistikAktuell/LinguisticsToday,issn0166–0829;v.60)
Arevisionoftheauthor’sdoctoraldissertation,submittedtotheUniversityofStuttgart,
2001.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes.
1.Englishlanguage--MiddleEnglish,1100-1500--Wordorder.I.Title.II.Linguistik
aktuell;Bd.60.
PE621 T75 2002
427’.02-dc21 2002034218
isbn90(cid:2)272(cid:2)2781(cid:2)0(Eur.)/1(cid:2)58811(cid:2)311(cid:2)6(US)(Hb;alk.paper)
©2002–JohnBenjaminsB.V.
Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,byprint,photoprint,microfilm,orany
othermeans,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCo.·P.O.Box36224·1020meAmsterdam·TheNetherlands
JohnBenjaminsNorthAmerica·P.O.Box27519·Philadelphiapa19118-0519·usa
Table of contents
Languageabbreviations xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter1
Introduction
Chapter2
ThedialectsofMiddleEnglish
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 FromOldEnglishtoMiddleEnglish 8
2.2.1 Scandinavianinfluence 10
2.3 ThedialectsofMiddleEnglish 14
2.3.1 TheNortherndialect 18
2.3.2 TheEastMidlandsdialect 19
2.3.3 TheWestMidlandsdialect 21
2.3.4 TheKentishdialect 22
2.3.5 TheSoutherndialect 23
2.4 ThePenn-Helsinki-ParsedCorpusofMiddleEnglish2
(PPCME2) 24
2.4.1 Generalinformationaboutthecorpus 24
2.4.2 TheannotationschemeofthePPCME2 25
2.4.2.1 Part-of-Speechtags 25
2.4.2.2 Parsing 26
2.4.3 Howtosearchthecorpus 27
Chapter3
Syntacticchange
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Mechanismsofsyntacticchange 38
3.2.1 Internalmechanisms 39
 Tableofcontents
3.2.1.1 Reanalysis 39
3.2.1.2 Extension 43
3.2.2 Externalmechanisms 44
3.2.2.1 Languagecontact 45
3.3 Syntacticchangeandfirst-languageacquisition 46
3.3.1 Acomputationalmodeloflearnability(Clark&Roberts
1993) 47
3.3.2 Cue-basedlanguageacquisition(Lightfoot1979,
1991,1999) 55
3.4 Syntacticchangeandlanguagecontact 63
3.5 Thespreadofsyntacticchange 68
3.6 Conclusion 72
Chapter4
WordorderchangeinEarlyMiddleEnglish
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 WordorderinOldEnglish 76
4.2.1 OldEnglishdata 76
4.3 TheanalysesofOVwordorderinOldEnglish 79
4.3.1 Roberts(1997):OldEnglishasahead-initiallanguage 80
4.3.2 Pintzuk(1991):SynchronicvariationbetweenOVandVO
wordorder 88
4.3.2.1 ThepositionofI◦ 89
4.3.2.2 TheunderlyingpositionofV◦ 95
4.4 TheanalysesofthechangefromOVtoVOinEarlyMiddle
English 97
4.4.1 Roberts(1997):StrongAgrO◦waslost 97
4.4.2 Pintzuk(1991):HowtheDoubleBaseHypothesis
accountsforthechangefromOVtoVOinEarly
MiddleEnglish 101
4.5 OVandVOorderinEarlyMiddleEnglish 104
4.5.1 VariationbetweentextsfromtheWestMidlandsand
SoutheastMidlandswithrespecttoOV/VOorder 105
4.5.2 OV/VOvariationintheOrmulum 110
4.6 AnoteonInfl-final/Infl-medialcompetitionintheOrmulum 115
4.7 Conclusion 117
Tableofcontents 
Chapter5
Objectmovement
PartI: Objectshift 121
5.1 Introduction 122
5.2 Thedifferencesbetweenobjectshiftandscrambling 125
5.3 Theoriesofobjectshift 126
5.3.1 ObjectshiftisA-movement(Vikner1989,1990,
1994,1997) 126
5.3.1.1 Objectshiftdoesnotlicenseparasiticgaps 126
5.3.1.2 Caseassignment 127
5.3.1.3 ObjectShiftiscompatiblewiththeVP-internal
subjecthypothesis 129
5.3.1.4 ObjectShiftrequiresthemainverbtomove 129
5.3.1.5 ObjectShiftofpronounsversusObjectShiftof
DPsinIcelandic 131
5.3.1.6 Objectshiftindouble-objectconstructions 137
5.3.2 ObjectshiftisaPF-operation(Holmberg1999) 142
5.4 ObjectshiftintheOrmulum 152
PartII: Scrambling 163
5.5 Introduction 163
5.6 Thepropertiesofscramblingrevisited 166
5.7 Theoriesofscrambling 174
5.7.1 Themovementapproach:Scramblingaschainformation
inthedomainoftheheadofaprojection(Haider&
Rosengren1998) 176
5.7.1.1 Leftwardmovementofpronominalobjects 186
5.8 ScramblinginOldEnglishandMiddleEnglish 188
5.8.1 ScramblinginOldEnglish 188
5.8.1.1 ThedistributionoffullobjectDPs 189
5.8.1.2 Thedistributionofpronominalobjects 191
5.8.2 ScramblinginEarlyMiddleEnglish 197
5.8.2.1 ThedistributionoffullobjectDPs 198
5.8.2.2 Thedistributionofpronominalobjects 207
5.8.3 Scramblingandfrontingofpronominalobjectsinthe
Ormulum 210
5.9 Conclusion 218
 Tableofcontents
Chapter6
V2andcliticisationofsubjectpronouns
6.1 Introduction 223
6.2 TheV2phenomenonintheGermaniclanguages 225
6.3 TheV2phenomenoninOldEnglish 230
6.3.1 Thedata 230
6.3.2 TheanalysesoftheOldEnglishV2pattern 236
6.3.2.1 AgrP-Recursion(Cardinaletti&Roberts1991) 236
6.3.2.2 V2takesplaceintheC-system(Roberts,1996) 239
6.3.2.3 ArevisionofPintzuk’sanalysis(Kroch&Taylor
1997) 241
6.4 TheV2phenomenoninEarlyMiddleEnglish:TwoV2
grammarsincompetition 246
6.4.1 TheV2syntaxofMiddleEnglishdialects 247
6.4.1.1 Thesoutherndialects 247
6.4.1.2 Thenortherndialects 251
6.5 V2andcliticisationintheOrmulum 262
6.6 Conclusion 270
Chapter7
Stylisticfronting
7.1 Introduction 275
7.2 Propertiesofstylisticfronting 279
7.2.1 Thesubjectgapcondition 279
7.2.2 Thecategoriesundergoingstylisticfronting 281
7.2.3 Maling’saccessibilityhierarchy 282
7.2.4 Stylisticfrontingisclause-bound 283
7.2.5 Theeffectsofstylisticfronting 283
7.2.6 Thecomplementarydistributionofstylisticfrontingand
theexpletiveþaðinmainclauses 284
7.3 Theoriesofstylisticfronting 285
7.3.1 Movementtoaspecifierpositionorhead-adjunctionto
I◦?(Rögnvaldsson&Thráinsson1990;Jónsson1991) 285
7.3.2 StylisticfrontingcheckstheP-featureinI◦(Holmberg
1997,2000) 295
7.4 StylisticfrontinginMiddleEnglishtexts 305
7.4.1 StylisticfrontingintheOrmulum 306
Tableofcontents 
7.4.2 Thetheory:Stylisticfrontingasaprosodicphenomenon
duetometricalreasons 314
7.4.2.1 ThemetreoftheOrmulum 315
7.4.2.1.1 Thebasicpattern 315
7.4.2.1.2 Therightedge 316
7.4.2.1.3 Theleftedge 317
7.4.2.1.4 Thefifthfoot 320
7.4.2.1.5 Thefourthfoot 320
7.4.2.2 Therelationbetweenstylisticfrontingandmetre
intheOrmulum 322
7.5 Conclusion 328
Chapter8
Summaryandconclusions 331
Appendices 335
References 339
Index 351