From Home Guards to Heroes: The 87th Pennsylvania and Its Civil War Community

299 Pages·2007·3.339 MB·English

by  Dennis W. Brandt

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6 From Home Guards
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ShadesofBlueandGraySeries
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EditedbyHermanHattawayandJonL.Wakelyn
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12 TheShadesofBlueandGraySeriesoffersCivilWarstudies [-2], (2)
13 for the modern reader—Civil War buff and scholar alike.
14 Military history today addresses the relationship between
15 societyandwarfare.Thusbiographiesandthematicstudies Lines: 20 to 57
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17 creasinglyimportanttoalargerpublic.Thisseriesincludes * 61.81897pt PgVar
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4 From Home Guards
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to Heroes
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2D1 ennis W. Brandt
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6 Copyright©2006by
7 TheCuratorsoftheUniversityofMissouri
UniversityofMissouriPress,Columbia,Missouri65201
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PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
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Allrightsreserved
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12 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData [-4], (4)
13 Brandt,DennisW.,1946–
14 Fromhomeguardstoheroes:the87thPennsylvania
anditsCivilWarcommunity/DennisW.Brandt.
15 Lines: 88 to 153
p. cm.—(Shadesofblueandgrayseries)
16 Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ———
17 ISBN-13:978-0-8262-1680-9(hardcover:alk.paper) * 65.59001pt PgVar
18 ISBN-10:0-8262-1680-3(hardcover:alk.paper) ———
1.UnitedStates.Army.PennsylvaniaInfantryRegiment,87th(1861–1865) Normal Page
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2.Pennsylvania—History—CivilWar,1861–1865—Regimental
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histories. 3.UnitedStates—History—CivilWar,1861–1865—Regimental
21 histories. 4.Soldiers—Pennsylvania—YorkCounty—History—19thcentury.
22 5.Soldiers—Pennsylvania—AdamsCounty—History—19thcentury. 6.UnitedStates. [-4], (4)
23 Army—Militarylife—History—19thcentury. 7.Pennsylvania—History—CivilWar,
1861–1865—Socialaspects. 8.UnitedStates—History—CivilWar,1861–1865—Social
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aspects. 9.Pennsylvania—History—CivilWar,1861–1865—Campaigns.
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10.UnitedStates—History—CivilWar,1861–1865—Campaigns. I.Title.
26 E527.587th.B732006
27 973.7'448—dc22 2006026039
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Thispapermeetstherequirementsofthe
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GeorgeTylerMooreCenterfortheStudyoftheCivilWar.
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4 hContents
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Foreword ix
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Preface xi
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Acknowledgments xvii
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17 ListofAbbreviations xix 0.24348pt PgVar
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Prologue 1 Normal Page
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Chapter2 InitialTest:April–July1861 15
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23 Chapter3 Genesis 26
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Chapter4 TheRankandFile 39
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26 Chapter5 CommandersandTheirCompanies 53
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Chapter6 DisciplineProblems 89
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29 Chapter7 Desertion 115
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Chapter8 MineRun,MilitaryLaw,and
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AndrewB.Smith 140
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33 Chapter9 South-CentralPennsylvaniaandRace 156
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Chapter10 WinterCamp,theOverlandCampaign,
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andPetersburg 179
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37 Chapter11 Monocacy 195
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Chapter12 FinalDaysofWar 212
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40 Chapter13 PostwarPoliticsandReunions 235
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viii FromHomeGuardstoHeroes
1 Epilogue:TwoTalesofClosure 241
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Appendix 243
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4 SelectedBibliography 253
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Index 265
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4 hForeword
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12 The city ofYork, Pennsylvania, andYork County—for which the for- [-9], (3)
13 mer is the county seat—conjures up the names of manufacturing
14 icons such as York Barbell and York Air Conditioners, but Harley
15 Davidson motorcycles are built there also, and other giants in their field, Lines: 75 to 90
16 suchasHanoverFoods,arelocatedthere.OnedoesnotassociateYorkorYork ———
17 CountywiththeCivilWar;itisknownformanufacturedgoodsanditscolo- 0.241pt PgVar
18 nialandRevolutionaryWarhistory.Tothewest,neighboringAdamsCounty ———
19 anditsseat,Gettysburg,are,ontheotherhand,inextricablyassociatedwith Normal Page
20 theCivilWar.Thesetwocountieshavemuchincommon(Adamsoncewas PgEnds: TEX
21 partofYorkCounty),includingasharedCivilWarregiment,the87thPenn-
22 sylvaniaVolunteerInfantry,ofwhichtwoofmygreat-great-grandfatherswere [-9], (3)
23 members.
24 Onthesurface,the87thlookslikesomanyotherUnionregimentsraised
25 in the Northeast. Recruited in the spring of 1861 after President Lincoln
26 called for “three-year volunteers,” the majority of the company’s regiments
27 were raised in the various townships and boroughs of York County (along
28 with some volunteers from three counties to the north and northeast), but
29 two companies were raised in Adams County, including Company F from
30 Gettysburg.The regiment’s initial service consisted of guarding railroads in
31 MarylandandwhatisnowWestVirginia(itwasstillthewesternpartofthe
32 CommonwealthofVirginiauntilJune1863),butsoonaftertheBattleofGet-
33 tysburg,the87thjoinedtheArmyofthePotomac’sThirdCorps,whichhad
34 beensodevastatedinthatgreatbattle.Thefollowingspring,GeorgeMeade’s
35 reorganization shifted the 87th to the Sixth Corps. From then on, the regi-
36 mentparticipatedinthebloodybattlesoftheVirginiatheater,includingthe
37 Overland campaign, Petersburg, Sayler’s Creek, and finally the surrender at
38 Appomattox.BecausetheregimentwaspartoftheSixthCorps,italsofought
39 inbattlesthattherestoftheArmyofthePotomacmissed,suchastheBattle
40 ofMonocacyandthe1864ShenandoahValleycampaign.
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