From Chains to Bonds: The Slave Trade Revisited

500 Pages·2001·8.075 MB·English

by  Doudou Diène

THE SLAVE TRADE BEVIS PTED
DondanIM ayD iéne
UNESCO Publishing / BERGHAHN BOOKS

From Chains to Bonds

From Chains to Bonds
The Slave Trade Revisited

Edited by
Doudou Diéne

h fit
——~——

Berghahn Books UNESCO Publishing
NEW YORK « OXFORD PARIS
Published in 2001 jointly by the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization and Berghahn Books
© 2001 UNESCO
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means
without the written permission of UNESCO and Berghahn Books.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
From chains to bonds: The slave trade revisited / edited by Doudou Diéne.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 1-57181-265-2 (alk. paper)
1. Slave trade—Africa—Congresses. 2. Slave trade-America—Congresses.
3. Slave trade—Europe—Congresses. I. Diéne, Doudou.
HT1322 .F79 2001
380.1'44'096—dc21 2001035400
ISBN UNESCO: 92-3-103439-1
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Printed in the United States on acid-free paper.
The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in
this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of
UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.
The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do
not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the
legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or the delimitation of
its frontiers or boundaries.
Contents
List of Tables
Vl1ll
Preface
Foreword by Nicéphore Soglo
X11
‘The Body of Memory’ by Mohammed Kacimi
XVl1
From the Slave Trade to the Challenge of Development:
Reflections on the Conditions for World Peace
XX
Doudou Diéne
Popularisation of the History of the Slave Trade
XXll
Ibrahima Baba Kaké
Part I History, Memory and Archives of the Slave Trade
1. Women, Marriage and Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Black
Africa during the Precolonial Period
Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch
2. The Travel and Transport of Slaves 15
Mame-Kouna Tondut-Séne
3. The Transition from the Slave Trade to ‘Legitimate’ Commerce 22
Robin Law
4. Submarine Archaeology and the History of the Slave Trade 36
Max Guérout
5. Origins of the Slaves in the Lima Region in Peru (Sixteenth 43
and Seventeenth Centuries)
Jean-Pierre Tardieu
6. Returning Afro-Brazilians 35
Bellarmin C. Codo
7. The Slave Trade to Russia 65
Dieudonné Gnammankou
Part II Demographic Impact and Economic and Social Dimensions
of the Slave Trade
8. From the Slave Trade to Underdevelopment T/
Yves Bénot
vl Contents
The Unmeasured Hazards of the Atlantic Slave Trade:
Sources, Causes and Historiographical Implications 86
Joseph E. Inikori
10. The Slave Trade and the Demographic Evolution of Africa 103
Patrick Manning
Ll. The Mental Route of the Slave: A Few Thoughts Inspired by the
Present-Day Situation of the Black Peoples 119
Joseph Ki-Zerbo
12. The Conditions of Slaves in the Americas 125
Paul E. Lovejoy
13. Slavery and Society in the Caribbean (1900-1930) 139
Francisco Lopez Segrera
Part III Abolition of the Slave Trade and Slavery, and
Changing Mentalities
14. The Abolition of the Slave Trade and Slavery:
Historical Foundations 159
Joseph C. Miller
15. The Liberated Slaves and the Question of the Return to Africa:
Interaction along the Upper Guinea Coast 194
Florence Omolara Mahoney
16. Former African and Malagasy Freed Slaves: Comprehensive
Listing and Conclusions 205
Norbert Benoit
17. Slavery in Law Codes 209
Lluis Sala-Molins
18. The Incomplete Past of Slavery: The African Heritage in
the Social Reality, Subconsciousness and Imagination
of Guadeloupe 216
Dany Bébel-Gisler
19. From the Slave Trade to the ‘Screening’ of Immigrants 231
Hagen Kordes
20. The Slave’s World of the Imagination: Outline of the
Foundations of Caribbean Thought 245
Hugues Liborel-Pochot
21. Slaves and Slavery in the Study of Fon Proverbs in Benin 258
Jean-Norbert Vignondé
22. Some Remarks on the Christian Churches and the Atlantic
Slave Trade from the Fifteenth to the Nineteenth Century 267
Alphonse Quenum
Contents | vii
23. The Abolitions of Slavery (1793, 1794, 1848): Overview
of a Symposium 27/4
Marcel Dorigny
Part [V Contributions, Continuity and Cultural Dynamics
24. The All-Americas/All-American African Diaspora 285
Sheila S. Walker
25. The Role of Africa and Blacks in the Building of the Americas:
Focus on Colombia 292
Nina S. de Friedemann
26. The African Presence in Brazil 302
Kabengele Munanga
27. Influence of African Art on American Art 316
Joseph C.E. Adande
28. Resilience and Transformation in Varieties of African Musical
Elements in Latin America 325
Kazadi wa Mukuna
29. African Survivals in the Secular Popular Culture of the Americas 332
Yolande Behanzin-Joseph-Noél
30. Survivals and Dynamism of African Cultures in the Americas 344
Olabiyi B. Yai
31. African Religions in the Americas: A Structural Analysis 357
Guérin C. Montilus
32. The Persistence of Clan Identities among Slaves through the
Vodun and Orisha Religious Cults 368
Jacqueline Roumeguére-Eberhardt
33. The Influence of Blacks in the Americas 376
Luz Maria Martinez-Montiel
Part V The Slave Trade and International Co-operation
34. Towards the Pedagogy of the History of the Slave Trade 397
Jean-Michel Deveau
35. Slavery, Genocide or Holocaust? 416
Roger Somé
36. Diasporas, Multiculturalism and Solidarity in the Caribbean 431
Julie Lirus-Galap
446
37. The Slave Trade and Cultural Tourism
Clément Koudessa Lokossou
38. The Slave Route to the Rio de la Plata: From the Slave Trade
to the Contemporary Cultural Dialogue 453
Nilda Beatriz Anglarill
Notes on Contributors 463
List of Tables
5.1 Origins of Peruvian Bozales, 1560-1650 44
5.2 Origins of Blacks of the Parish of San Marcelo de Lima, 1583-89 45
5.3 Origins of Blacks of Hernay, Chincha, Pisco, Caucato
and Condor, 1632 45
5.4 Origins of Blacks of the Parish of San Marcelo de Lima,
1640-80 46
5.5 Origins of Blacks in Lima, 1630-1702 47
19.1 SOS Racism (1) 242
19.2 SOS Racism (2) 244
26.1 Estimated Population of Brazil 303
26.2 Estimated Slave Population of Brazil 304
26.3 Population by Skin Colour 304
26.4 Evolution of the Brazilian Population by Skin Colour 304