From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film

432 Pages·2004·15.26 MB·English

by  Siegfried Kracauer

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FROM CALI GARI TO HITLER
A PSYCHOLOGICALH ISTORYO F THE GERMAN FILM
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FROM CALIGARI TO HITLER
A PSYCHOLOGICALH ISTORY
OF THE GERMAN FILM
REVISEDA ND EXP ANDED EDITION
By SIEGFRIED KRACAUER
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CONTENTS
LISOTFI LLUSTRATIONS Vll
EDITONRO'TSE xiii
INTRODUCTTOIT OHNE2 00E4D ITION xv
PREFACE Ii
INTRODUCTION 3
I:T HEA RCHAIC PERIOD( 1895-1918)
1.P EACAEN DW AR 15
2.F OREBODINGS 28
3.G ENESOIFUS F A 35
IITH:E POS7WAR PERIOD( 1918-1924)
4.T HES HOCOKF F REEDOM 43
5.CA LIGARI 61
6.P ROCESSOIFTO YNRAN TS 77
7.D ESTINY 88
8.M UTEC HAOS 96
9.C RUCIDAILL EMMA 107
10F.R ORME BELLTIOOS NU BMISSION 115
IIITH:E STABILIZED PERIOD( 1?24-1929)
11D.E CLINE 131
.� \\) Niv�.p
12F.R OZEGNR OUDN 138
,y �.
13T.H EP ROSTITUTTEH AEAD NODL ESCEN'1;'T :,A 153
'o(,!) �.,' ",l"I . V>
14T.H EN EWR EALISM � ;; 165
15M.O NTAGE 181
16B.R IERFE VEILLE 190
IVT:H E PRE-HITLPEERR IOD(1 930-1933)
17S.O NGASN DI LLUSIONS 203
18M.U RDERAEMRO NUGs 1f111II1I11I /I21/ 5I 1I 1
BOGAZiC;i
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VI CONTENTS
19T.I MIHDER ESIES 223
20F.O RAB ETTER WORLD 232
21N.A TIONEAPLI C 251
SUPPLEMENTP:R OPAGADNA AND THEN AZIW ARF ILM
1.N AZVII EWASN DM EASURES 275
2.F ILDME VICES 277
3.T HES WASTWIOKAR LD 280
4.S CREDERNA MATURGY 288
5.C ONFLWICITTR HE ALITY 297
NOTOEN T HEI NACCURACIES 309
BIBLIOGRAPHY 315
UPDATBEIDB LIOGRAPHY 327
NAMEI NDEX 333
FILIMN DEX 339
ILLUSTRATIONS
Fncgipnlglc
1.P ASSITOhNet: h roefam ta sdso miantion 68
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArrnFt i lSmti lAlrsc hive)
2.C ALIGARlI:n saAnuet hority 68
(FrotmhM eu seuomf ModAerrFtni lSmti lAlrsc hive)
3.C ALIGARAl d:r aftsmiamna'gsi nation 69
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lls Archive)
4.C ALIGATRhlet: h rfleieg hotfss t aiintr hsle u naatiscy lum
symboDlriC.za el igpaorsii'atistot nht eo opf t hhei erarchy6 9
(FrotmhF ei lm MuosfBe eurml in)
5.N O SFERATThUev: a mpidreef,e abtyle odvd ei,s soilnvteos
thiani r 84
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArrnFt i lm ASrticlhlisv e)
6.D R. MABUSE, THIEn tGeAMrBpLeEnRoe:frt eraaltiiosnti c
anedx presssitoybnleiets,rt ga t yhicenl orseel ationship
betweMeanb uasneCd a ligari 84
(Frotmhc eo lleocfCti hoanr Ll.Te usr ner)
7.W AXW ORKSA: p hantaosrmiaaag-cJk-the-pRurispupienrg
thleo vers 84
(FrotmhB eF IC ollections)
8.W AXW ORK:SI vatnhT ee rriabnil nec,a rnoafiti nosna tiable
lusatnsud nh eard-of cruelties 84
(FrothmeM useuomfM odeArrnFt i lSmti lAlrsc hive)
9.D ESTITNYh:eh ugwea lsly mbolFiaztiienn'gas c cessibil8i5t y
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
10N.I BELUNGTErNi:u mopfth h oer nameonvtetarhl he u man 85
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
11N.I BELUNTGhEeNp :a ttoefrnN si beluarnerg eesnu miend
Nazpia geantry 85
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
12T.R IUMPOHFT HEW ILLT:h ep attoefrN nisb eltamrgee n
resumienNd a zpia geantry 85
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odi:rAnrF ti lSmt iAlrlcsh ive)
13N.E WY EARE'VE:ST hes uicoiftd hece a foew ner 100
V11
viii ILULS TRATIONS
14T.H ELA STL AUGHHu:m iliianticoanr nate 100
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
15T.H EL ASLATU GHT:h er evoldvoionrg- something
betweame enr roy--rgouanndadr oulwehteteel 101
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lLmi brary)
16A. G LASOSFW ATEWRi:t iht sst roenss sy mmetthrdeye ,c or
breathes nroosmtaanltigci a 101
(FrotmhF ei lMmu seuomfB erlin)
17P.EAK OFD ESTIMNoYu:n tcaliinm baerdrees v otees
perfortmhinregi toefasc ult 120
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArnr Fti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
18T.H EG OLETMh:e G oleamfi ,g uorfec laayni,m atbeyhd i s
mastRearb,Lb oie w 120
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArrnFt i lSmti lAlrsc hive)
19W.A RNISNHGA DOWMSa:g itchaelr apyC-otuhnaetn hdi s
guesftosl ltohwes ihra doiwnstt ohr ee aolfmt he
subconcious 121
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM odernA rFti lLmi brary)
20F.R IDERREIxC:UT Sh ey ounIgc ing 121
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArnr Fti lLmi brary)
21T.H ES TREMEuTt:oe b jetcatkosen l ife 128
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
22T.H ES TRETEhTi:gs e sture-reicnum rarnGeyen rtm an
films-is sympotfto hmdeae tsiticorr ee tutrotn h e
materwnoamlb 128
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmt iAlrlcsh ive)
23V.A RIETTaYn:n 'ibn uglsbkya cpkl aayc so nspircoulioenu s
thper issocne ne 129
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lLmi byr)a r
24V.A RIETThYei: n quicsiatmiebvrreae aiknstt ohm ea gic
cirocfal cet ion 129
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lLmi brary)
25W.A YTSO H EALTANHD BEAUTY: Tablevaiuv aonfatG r eek
gymnasium 148
(Frotmh BeF IC ollections)
26'TARTuF.F E: Theg rand-msatnynleer 148
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM odernF iAlrSmtt iAlrlcsh ive)
27M.E TROPOSLhIaSam:l libaentcweel eanba onrd
capital 149
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
28M.E TROPOOLrInSa:m ednetsapla ir 149
(FrotmhF ei lMmu seuomfB erlin)
ILLUSTTRAIOSN ix
29T.H EJ OYLESSTSR EAEsTt:Na ie lsienon n oef t hreo liens
whicshhd ei scsaorcdcisoa nlv entionasb uinnd ahnecre
oflove 164
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odernA rFti lLmi byr)ar
30KAMP.F DERT ERTIA:O neo ft hmea.n yyo uftihl ms
expreasl soinnggfi onargd olescence 164
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM ode rAnr Fti lLmi brary)
31T.H EJ OYLSESTSR ETEhTe:g hastloifrn eelasilsf e 165
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
32T.H EJ OYLESSTSR EREeTai:ls 'mn,'o st ymbolism 165
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderArnFt i lSmti lAlrsc hive)
33S.E CREOTFAS S OUL:D reacmisn ematiecxatlelrnya lized 180
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odernA rFti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
34T.H EL OVOEF JEAN N EN EYT:h eo rgoyfa nti-Bolshevist
soldiesrcye-enale i cfriotmel dii ftes elf 180
(Frotmh BeF IC ollections)
35T.H EL OVOEF J EANNEN EYT:h eb rokmeinr raos ri,l ent
witnteesloslf,gs l amoaunrdd e struction 181
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
36T.H EL OVOEF JEAN N EN EY: Casual coofln ififgeu rati1o8n1s
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
37B.E RLINP:a tteorfmn osv ement 196
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odernA rFti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
38B.E RLINW:h aotn cdee notcehdai onsso ws impplayro tf
three corfda-acamt o nfga cts 196
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArnr Fti lLmi brary)
39B.E RLIAN c:l oseo-ftu hpge u ttielrl ustthrheaa tressh ness
ofm echanliizfeed 197
(Frotmh BeF IC ollections)
40A.C CIDETNTh:eu soefd istomritirnrgho erlstp ods e fY
deep-rcooontveedn tions 197
(FrotmhB eF IC ollections)
41D.R EVIO ND ERTAN KSTELLAE p:l aydfualy drweoavmeo nf
thmea teroifea vlesr yday life 212
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
42S.O NGOF L IFAE s:y mboslciecwn hei gclho rvifiietsa lity 212
(Frotmhc eo lleocfHti eornm aGn.W einberg)
43T.H EMAN WITHOAUTN AME:T hen ightmwaorriksihn gs
ofb ureaucracy 213
44. THEV ICRT:OH anAsl betrhsee,m bodimoefpn otp ular
daydreams 213
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
x ILLUSTRATIONS
45T.H EB LUAEN GEJLa:n ninagss tphreo festsaourn tbeyd
hipsu pils 228
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
46T.H EB LUAEN GEMLa:r leDniee traiscL ho lLao la­
provocalteigvasen da no verailmlp assivity 228
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
47M.: T hee mptsyt airewcehloli wnigt thh ec rioefs
Elsimeo'tsh er 228
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArrnF ti lLmi brary)
48M.: T hek nivreesf lected Laorroruefn'adsc d ee fihniem a s
ap risoonfeh ri esv iulr ges 228
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM odeArrnt F ilSmti lAlrsc hive)
49M.: T heg rouopf c riminals, abnedsg tgraerwesot m en
sittiinngj udgmeonntt hec hild-murderer 229
(Frotmh BeF IC ollections)
50E.M IULN DD IDEE TEKTIVE :T het hieafP ,i ePdi peirn
reverpsuer,s ubeydt hec hildurnedne arr adiant
morninsgu n 229
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM odeArnr Fti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
51MAD.C HEN INU NIFORTMhe:h eadrnistressf-eam ale
FredertihceGk r eat 229
(FrotmhM eu seuomfM oderAnrF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
52MA.D CHENI NU NIFORTMo p:r epatrheea udienfcoetr h is
scenteh,es tairicsaf seea tutrherdo ughtohuefilt m 229
(Frotmh Meu seuomfM odeArrnF ti lSmti lAlrsc hive)
53W.E STFNRT1O 91F8i:e lhdo spifiltlaeldw itmho anasn d
agonizcerdi es 244
(Frotmh BeF IC ollections)
54T.H EB EGGASR'O PERGAl:a sssc reetnrsa nsftohrem
crowdeadn ds mokcya fien taoc onfusinmga ze 244
(FrotmhB eF IC ollections)
55C.O MRADESTHhIeG Pe:r mamni nerasb outto r emovteh e
ironf encsee utp s incVeer sailles 245
(Frotmh Fei lMmu seuomfB erlin)
56C.O MRADESGHeIrmPa:mn i nerisnt hes howerro om-the
audienicsle e itn toon eo ft hea rcaonfae verydlaiyf e 245
(Frotmh BeF IC ollections)
57K.U HLWEA MPEY:o unagt hleattet sh eR eds porftess tival
whicghl oricfioelsl ecltiifvee 248
58E.I HGTG IRLISNA B OATTh:i filsm betratyhsea ffinityo f
thee arlYioeurt h Movemweinttthh eN azis pirit 248
(Frotmh Fei lMmu seuomfB erlin)