FROM BIRTH TO FIVE YEARS FROM BIRTH TO FIVE YEARS Children’s developmental progress Mary D. Sheridan Revised and updated by Ajay Sharma and Helen Cockerill First published by the NFER Publishing Company Ltd, 1973 Second impression 1974 Third and expanded edition 1975 Fourth impression 1976 Fifth impression 1977 Sixth impression 1978 Seventh impression 1980 This revised and updated edition published 2008 by Routledge Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2008 Mary Sheridan; Revised and updated by Ajay Sharma and Helen Cockerill All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Sheridan, Mary D. (Mary Dorothy) From birth to five years : children's developmental progress / Mary D. Sheridan. — 3rd ed. / rev. and updated by Ajay Sharma and Helen Cockerill. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-415-42365-6 (pbk.) 1.Children—Growth. 2.Child development. I. Sharma, Ajay. II. Cockerill, Helen. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Child Development. 2. Child, Preschool. WS 105 S552f 2008] RJ131.S5 2008 618.92—dc22 2007041888 ISBN 0-203-93579-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0–415–42365–1(Print Edition) ISBN13: 978–0–415–42365–6 Contents Introduction vii SECTION 1 Illustrated charts of children’s developmental progress 1 SECTION 2 Assessing children’s developmental progress 51 General principles of assessment 53 Motor development 57 Visual-perceptual and fine motor development 62 Communication 69 Social behaviour and play 76 Attention, emotions and self-regulation 82 Attachment and t he development of self 87 Hearing 91 Vision 94 Appendix 1 Checklist for detection of hearing problems 97 Appendix 2 Checklist for detection of vision problems 98 Internet-based resources 99 References 101 V contents Introduction This revised edition of From Birth to Five Years aims to provide concise and clear information on children’s developmental progress as a reference source for students and professionals from a wide range of health, education and social-care sectors. The original edition of this book, based on research carried out by Mary D. Sheridan, was primarily concerned with describing appropriate developmental norms and testing procedures to help in the diagnosis of developmental disorders. Whilst continuing to recognise the importance of detecting disorders and providing effective support for children with special needs, this edition aims to contribute to the development of a common core of skills and knowledge for everyone working with children. This is in line with the current ethos of improving health, educational and social outcomes for all children enshrined in ‘Every Child Matters’. The ‘Illustrated Charts of Children’s Developmental Progress’ in Section 1 are organised into the domains of posture and large movements; visual perceptual and fine motor; hearing; speech, language and communication; social behaviour and play; and self- care and independence. The content of the charts has been updated, with increased emphasis on social communication and perception. These can provide a starting point for eliciting age- appropriate information from parents and carers, for making observations in natural and clinic settings and for obtaining a comparative view of the child’s achievements against the average expected achievement: i.e., typical developmental progress. Section 2, ‘Assessing Children’s Developmental Progress’, pro- vides information and guidance on the sequence of development VII introduction and key stages within each domain. These chapters discuss factors influencing children’s development, the interaction of child-related and context-related factors and markers that help differentiate developmental vulnerability from the wide spectrum of typical development. Practical guidance on eliciting concerns and assess- ing development and general guidance on facilitating development is provided. New sections on attention, self-regulation, attachment, emotional development and the development of self are provided as an acknowledgement of their significance in children’s edu- cational and social outcomes. The Internet has opened a new world of resources for carers and professionals. An annotated list of web-based resources is provided in addition to ‘Further Reading’ for each developmental domain. VIII introduction Illustrated charts of children’s Section 1 developmental progress