Friedrich Nietzsche : a philosophical biography PDF
Preview Friedrich Nietzsche : a philosophical biography
F N A Philosophical Biography In this beautifully written account, Julian Young provides the most comprehensive bio- graphyavailabletodayofthelifeandphilosophyofthenineteenth-centuryGermanphilos- opherFriedrichNietzsche.Youngdealswiththemanypuzzlescreatedbytheconjunction ofNietzsche’spersonalhistoryandhiswork:whythesonofaLutheranpastordeveloped intotheself-styled“Antichrist”;whythisarchetypicalPrussiancametoloatheBismarck’s Prussia;andwhythisenemyoffeminismpreferredthecompanyoffeministwomen.Set- tingNietzsche’sthoughtinthecontextofhistimes–theriseofPrussianmilitarism,anti- Semitism,Darwinianscience,the“Youth”andemancipationistmovements,aswellasthe “deathofGod”–YoungemphasizesthedecisiveinfluenceofPlatoandofRichardWagner onNietzsche’sattempttoreformWesternculture.Healsodescribesthedevastatingeffect onNietzsche’spersonalityofhisunhappyloveforLouSalome´andattemptstounderstand why,attheageofforty-four,hewentmad. ThisbookincludesaselectionofmorethanthirtyphotographsofNietzsche,hisfriends, andhisworksites.Seventeenofthephilosopher’smusicalcompositions,whicharekeyto adeeperunderstandingofhisintellectualproject,areavailableonline. EducatedatCambridgeUniversityandtheUniversityofPittsburgh,JulianYoungisKenan Professor of Humanities at Wake Forest University, Professor of Philosophy at the Uni- versity of Auckland, and Honorary Research Professor at the University of Tasmania. A scholarofnineteenth-andtwentieth-centuryGermanphilosophy,heistheauthorofnine books,mostrecentlyNietzsche’sPhilosophyofReligion,andhasbeeninvitedtospeakatuni- versitiesandconferencesthroughouttheworld. Note Chapters and sections with headings in italics discuss Nietzsche’s works. The remainderdiscusshislife.Therearethusthreewaysofreadingthisbook.One canreadaboutNietzsche’slife,abouthisworks,or,bestofall,aboutbothhislife andhisworks. Seventeen of Nietzsche’s musical compositions, together with a com- mentary, are available on the book’s Web site, http://www.cambridge.org/ . F N A Philosophical Biography (cid:1)(cid:2) J Y Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo CambridgeUniversityPress AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,-, www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/ (cid:1) CambridgeUniversityPress Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata Young,Julian. FriedrichNietzsche:aphilosophicalbiography/JulianYoung. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ----(hardback) .Nietzsche,FriedrichWilhelm,–. I.Title. . –dc ----Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtoin thispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis, orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents ListofIllustrations pagex Acknowledgments xiii ListofAbbreviations xv (cid:1) PART ONE YOUTH (cid:1) DaCapo Ro¨cken, (cid:1) Naumburg, (cid:1) God, (cid:1) Pforta ADividedHeritage, (cid:1) TheCurriculum, (cid:1) TheGermaniaSociety, (cid:1) ReligiousDoubt, (cid:1) TeenageRebellion, (cid:1) NewFriends, (cid:1) Leaving School, (cid:1) LiteraryWorks–, (cid:1) Religion, (cid:1) Music, (cid:1) Tragedy, (cid:1) Poetry, (cid:1) MoralityandPolitics, (cid:1) HomelandversusWorld Citizenship, (cid:1) FateandFreedom, (cid:1) Bonn FreeatLast, (cid:1) Beer-DrinkingontheRhine, (cid:1) TheCologneBrothel, (cid:1) DavidStraussandtheCritiqueofChristianity, (cid:1) LeavingBonn, (cid:1) Leipzig GettingSettled, (cid:1) HappyTimes, (cid:1) TheStudyofClassics, (cid:1) Warand Politics, (cid:1) MilitaryService, (cid:1) ReturntoLeipzig:FirstMeetingwith Wagner, (cid:1) ‘Fairy-Tale-LikeandSeven-League-Bootish’, (cid:1) Schopenhauer TheWorldasWillandRepresentation, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sConversion, (cid:1) The ImpactofKantandLange, (cid:1) CriticisingSchopenhauer, (cid:1) Reconstructing Schopenhauer, (cid:1) PART TWO THERELUCTANTPROFESSOR (cid:1) Basel Baselin, (cid:1) UniversityLife, (cid:1) ColleaguesandFriends, (cid:1) Burckhardt, (cid:1) Overbeck, (cid:1) IsleoftheBlessed, (cid:1) TheEndofan Idyll, (cid:1) RichardWagnerandtheBirthof TheBirthofTragedy TheWagnerianWorldview, (cid:1) TheArtworkoftheFuture, (cid:1) TheImpactof Schopenhauer, (cid:1) TheWisdomofSilenus, (cid:1) Homer’sArt, (cid:1) Greek (cid:3) v vi (cid:4) Contents Tragedy, (cid:1) TheRoleofMyth, (cid:1) SolutiontotheRiddleofWagner’sRelation totheGreeks, (cid:1) SocratesandtheDeathofTragedy, (cid:1) WhatIsWrongwith TheWayWeAreNow?, (cid:1) WarandAftermath TheFranco-PrussianWar, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sWar, (cid:1) TheAftermath, (cid:1) Violence, (cid:1) Prussia, (cid:1) OntheFutureofOurEducationalInstitutions, (cid:1) AnalPhilology Rohde’s‘HigherAdvertising’, (cid:1) Wilamowitz’sCounterblast, (cid:1) AlienationofRitschl, (cid:1) Wagner’sIntervention, (cid:1) VonBu¨lowandthe ‘ManfredMeditation’, (cid:1) RetreattotheMountains, (cid:1) Anal- CompulsivePhilology, (cid:1) ExistentialPhilology, (cid:1) Relationswiththe Wagners, (cid:1) FivePrefacestoFiveUnwrittenBooks, (cid:1) UntimelyMeditations FuninBasel, (cid:1) GloominBayreuth, (cid:1) FirstUntimelyMeditation: DavidStrauss,theConfessorandtheWriter, (cid:1) RestCureinFlims, (cid:1) TheRosalieNielsenAffair, (cid:1) SummonstotheGermans, (cid:1) Second UntimelyMeditation:TheUsesandDisadvantagesofHistoryforLife, (cid:1) Notes fromtheUnderground, (cid:1) Aimez-vousBrahms? Depression,Marriage,andDroppingOut, (cid:1) WagnerintheBalance, (cid:1) TheHomeFront,aNewPublisher,Women, (cid:1) Bergu¨n, (cid:1) Brahms BannedinBayreuth, (cid:1) ThirdUntimelyMeditation:Schopenhaueras Educator, (cid:1) ChristmasatHomeandthe‘HymntoFriendship’, (cid:1) AufWiedersehenBayreuth WePhilologists, (cid:1) AReview,aFarewelltoRomundt,aBirthdayGreetingto Wagner,andaHealthCrisis, (cid:1) ‘Cure’inSteinabad, (cid:1) ANew ApartmentandNewFriends:PaulRe´eandHeinrichKo¨selitz, (cid:1) Veytaux, Geneva,andaMarriageProposal, (cid:1) WagnerinBayreuth, (cid:1) TheFirst BayreuthFestival, (cid:1) ReturntoBayreuthandaFlirtation, (cid:1) Sorrento GoingSouth, (cid:1) MalwidavonMeysenbug, (cid:1) TheVillaRubinacci, (cid:1) Rosenlaui:NietzscheandSherlockHolmes, (cid:1) BackinBasel, (cid:1) TheShockingIncidentoftheFriendlyDoctorandtheDoctoringFriend, (cid:1) Human,All-Too-Human TheTurntoPositivism, (cid:1) TheFreeSpirit:NietzscheandtheLife-Reform Movement, (cid:1) TheMonasteryforFreeSpirits, (cid:1) Human,All-Too- Human:TheAttackonMetaphysics, (cid:1) WhyDeconstructMetaphysics?, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sHigherCulture, (cid:1) TheTheoryofCulturalEvolution, (cid:1) RationalLiving:Slavery,Punishment,Euthanasia,Eugenics,Conservation, (cid:1) ReligionandArtinaHigherCulture, (cid:1) Globalization, (cid:1) TheProblemof FreeWill, (cid:1) OnMan’sNeedforMetaphysics, Contents (cid:3) vii (cid:1) PART THREE THENOMAD (cid:1) TheWandererandHisShadow ReceptionofHuman,All-Too-Human, (cid:1) AssortedOpinionsandMaxims, (cid:1) LeavingBasel, (cid:1) St.Moritz, (cid:1) HealthandEpicurus, (cid:1) The WandererandHisShadow, (cid:1) BuildingWaldenTwo, (cid:1) Women, (cid:1) Is NietzscheaDemocrat?, (cid:1) Naumburg,Riva,Venice,Marienbad,Stresa, (cid:1) Genoa,Recoaro,andSilsMaria, (cid:1) Dawn ABookforSlowReaders, (cid:1) Happiness, (cid:1) TheTheoreticalFramework, (cid:1) CritiqueofChristianMetaphysics, (cid:1) CritiqueofChristianMorality, (cid:1) TheCounter-IdealtoChristianity, (cid:1) Self-Creation, (cid:1) TheParadox ofHappiness, (cid:1) TheHeroic-Idyllic, (cid:1) BenevolentEgoism, (cid:1) Concrete Advice, (cid:1) TheStatusoftheTheoreticalFramework, (cid:1) TheGayScience FirstSummerinSilsMaria, (cid:1) EnterEternalReturn, (cid:1) SecondWinter inGenoa, (cid:1) Carmen,St.Januarius,Re´e,andSarahBernhardt, (cid:1) Messina, (cid:1) IdyllsfromMessina, (cid:1) TheGayScience, (cid:1) TheMain Argument, (cid:1) CulturalEvolution, (cid:1) TheWayWeAreNow, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sFuture, (cid:1) LifeasanArtwork, (cid:1) Reality,Truth,and Knowledge, (cid:1) TheSalome´ Affair LouSalome´, (cid:1) NietzscheinRome, (cid:1) TheMysteryofSacroMonte andthe‘Whip’Photograph, (cid:1) UnderhandDealings, (cid:1) Nietzschein Tautenburg, (cid:1) ElizabethversusLou, (cid:1) SheSaidSheSaidHeSaid, (cid:1) LouinTautenburg, (cid:1) ToPain, (cid:1) FamilyRupture, (cid:1) TheEndoftheAffair, (cid:1) Aftermath, (cid:1) Zarathustra RetreattoRapallo, (cid:1) Anti-anti-Semitism, (cid:1) NietzscheasWagner’s ‘Heir’, (cid:1) SecondSummerinSilsMaria, (cid:1) ContinuationoftheSalome´ Affair, (cid:1) TheShadowofBernhardFo¨rster, (cid:1) FirstWinterinNice, (cid:1) TwoDisciples, (cid:1) ANewBible, (cid:1) ThusSpokeZarathustra: ThePrologue, (cid:1) ZarathustraPartI:TheSpeechesofZarathustra, (cid:1) ZarathustraPartII, (cid:1) ZarathustraPartIII, (cid:1) ZarathustraPartIV, (cid:1) TheAssFestival, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sCircleofWomen JosephPaneth, (cid:1) ResavonSchirnhofer, (cid:1) The‘Other’Nietzsche, (cid:1) MetavonSalis, (cid:1) ThirdSummerinSilsMaria, (cid:1) Helen Zimmern, (cid:1) HeinrichvonStein, (cid:1) ReconciliationwithElizabethin Zurich, (cid:1) HeleneDruskowicz, (cid:1) SecondWinterinNice, (cid:1) FourthSummerinSilsMaria, (cid:1) NietzscheandHisFeministFriends, (cid:1) TheFo¨rsters, (cid:1) The‘SchmeitznerMise`re’, (cid:1) ThirdWinterin Nice, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sCosmopolitanism, (cid:1) PublishingBeyondGoodand Evil, (cid:1) ‘Dynamite’,‘JunkerPhilosophy’,‘Pathological’, viii (cid:4) Contents (cid:1) BeyondGoodandEvil TheHeartofDarkness, (cid:1) TheoreticalPhilosophy:The‘Prejudices’of Metaphysicians, (cid:1) TheMetaphysicsofPower, (cid:1) Epistemology, (cid:1) CulturalCriticism, (cid:1) HowtoOvercomeDiseasedModernity:Philosophersofthe Future, (cid:1) Nietzsche’s‘Republic’, (cid:1) Hierarchy, (cid:1) TheSlaveryIssue, (cid:1) WomenAgain, (cid:1) Morality,Religion,andArtintheNewWorld, (cid:1) ClearingtheDecks FifthSummerinSilsMaria, (cid:1) ExplosionsBelow, (cid:1) HymntoLife, (cid:1) AMonthintheCountry, (cid:1) FourthWinterinNice, (cid:1) PreparationsforGreatness, (cid:1) ThePrefacesof, (cid:1) TheGayScience, BookV:BeingScientificaboutScience, (cid:1) TheWandererSpeaks, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sUndiscoveredLand, (cid:1) CommunalHealth, (cid:1) Mental Health, (cid:1) ‘ALovelyThought:ViaSilstoGreece!’, (cid:1) TheGenealogyofMorals Parsifal,Dostoyevsky,anda‘Well-Intentioned’Earthquake, (cid:1) Youthsand Anti-Semites, (cid:1) Intermezzo, (cid:1) DepressedinChur, (cid:1) Fifth SummerinSilsMaria, (cid:1) FifthandFinalWinterinNice, (cid:1) Literary Projects, (cid:1) OntheGenealogyofMorals, (cid:1) FirstEssay:‘GoodandEvil’, ‘GoodandBad’, (cid:1) TheFirstEssay’sContributiontoaVisionoftheFuture, (cid:1) SecondEssay:TheMoralityofCustomandtheSovereignIndividual, (cid:1) OriginsoftheBadConscience, (cid:1) TheSecondEssay’sContributiontoaVisionof theFuture, (cid:1) ThirdEssay:WhatDoAsceticIdealsMean?, (cid:1) WagnerandtheAsceticIdeal, (cid:1) SexandthePhilosopher, (cid:1) Perspectivism andObjectivity, (cid:1) TheAsceticIdealasPractisedandPropagatedbyPriests, (cid:1) TheAsceticIdealinModernity, (cid:1) WhatIsWrongwiththeAsceticIdeal?, (cid:1) ScienceandtheAsceticIdeal, (cid:1) MastersoftheUniverse, (cid:1) TheQuestionofMethod, (cid:1) WinterinNice, (cid:1) FirstVisittoTurin, (cid:1) SicIncipitGloriaMundi, (cid:1) LastSummerinSilsMaria, (cid:1) Visitors, (cid:1) WritingsinSils Maria:TheWagnerCase, (cid:1) De´cadence, (cid:1) TheStoryof TheRing, (cid:1) WritingsinSilsMaria:TwilightoftheIdols, (cid:1) WhatIstheNatureof Reality?, (cid:1) WhatIsFreedom?, (cid:1) WhatIsHappiness?, (cid:1) WhyIs WillingtheEternalReturn‘Dionysian’?, (cid:1) HowCanan‘Immoralist’Deal withHarmfulActions?, (cid:1) Isn’tSelfishnessHarmful?, (cid:1) What’sWrong withtheGermans?, (cid:1) WhatWouldYouLiketoSeeReplaceModernCulture?, (cid:1) WhatIsthePlaceofArtinYourNewSociety?, (cid:1) LastStayinTurin, (cid:1) TheAntichrist, (cid:1) JudaismandtheOriginofSlaveMorality, (cid:1) The HistoricalJesus, (cid:1) Paul’sPerversion, (cid:1) TheChargesagainstChristianity, (cid:1) TheGreatNoon, (cid:1) ReligioninNietzsche’s‘Republic’, (cid:1) EcceHomo, (cid:1) HowOneBecomesWhatOneIs, (cid:1) WhatNietzscheBecame, (cid:1) DeployingtheArtillery, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sMentalCondition, (cid:1) Catastrophe BecomingGod, (cid:1) TheHorseStory, Contents (cid:3) ix (cid:1) TheRiseandFallof TheWilltoPower TheCasaubonImpulse, (cid:1) TheExplanationofAllEvents, (cid:1) Revaluationof AllValues, (cid:1) HistoryofaFailedLiteraryProject, (cid:1) Intellectual Cleanliness, (cid:1) TheCosmologicalDoctrine, (cid:1) TheBiologicalDoctrine, (cid:1) ThePsychologicalDoctrine, (cid:1) WhatRemainsoftheWilltoPower?, (cid:1) TheProblemofthe‘HealthyMonster’, (cid:1) TheEnd IntheBaselClinic, (cid:1) IntheJenaAsylum, (cid:1) InNaumburg, (cid:1) BecomingaStar, (cid:1) ElizabethCashesIn, (cid:1) TheShrinein Weimar, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sDeath, (cid:1) Nietzsche’sMadness Chronology Notes BibliographyofSecondaryLiterature Index MusicofFriedrichNietzschewithCommentarybyWolfgangBottenberg (ontheWebsiteforthisbook)
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