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Friction Angle PDF

131 Pages·2012·6.28 MB·English
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16th Nordic Geotechnical Meeting Copenhagen Geotechnical Site Exploration  in the Year 2012 and Beyond Paul W. Mayne, PhD, P.E. Georgia Institute of Technology 10 May 2012 Purposes: Geotechnical Site Investigation  A must prior to all geotechnical projects  Determine geostratigraphy for site development  Information for construction and foundation  selection  Collect geotechnical data for parameter evaluation  Input to analytical models and numerical FEM  Minimize surprises during construction   Mitigate potential for legal involvement Geotechnical Site Characterization in 2012  State‐of‐the‐Art (SOA)  = What we CAN do  State‐of‐the‐Practice (SOP)  = what we ARE  doing  Brief remarks on International Geotechnical  Experimentation Sites (IGES)  Geotech Education: overemphasis on lab  Best Practices:.... small projects.... vs. medium   ..... vs. large‐projects  This talk = short SOA to improve current SOP Mayne ≠ SOB Initial Conditions INDICES STATE  Geologic Origin  Void Ratio, e 0  Age, A Z  Unit Weight,  G w T  Grain Sizes, D  Relative Density, D 50 R  Mineralogy Z  State Parameter,   Plasticity, PI  Vertical Stress,  vo  Shape (fractals)  Hydrostatic Pressure, u o  Sphericity, S Soil   Yield Stress Ratio, YSR ph Element A  Roundness, R  Saturation, S (%) n  Angularity, A  Geostatic K =  ’/ ’ ng 0 ho vo  Packing limits: e and e  Stiffness, G = G max min 0 max  Specific Surface, S S  State Parameter, ψ  Particle characteristics for DEM   Degree of cementation (crushing strength, modulus,   Fabric and void index, I vo roughness, friction)  Continuity (intact or fissured) Geotechnical Parameters CONDUCTIVITY STIFFNESS  Stiffness:  G = G  Hydraulic:  k , k 0 max v h  Shear Modulus, G' and G  Thermal:  k u e  Electrical:   Elastic Modulus, E' and E u  Chemical:  D  Bulk Modulus, K’ f  Transmissivity, T  Constrained Modulus, D’ m  Permittivity, P  Tensile Stiffness, K m T  Poisson’s Ratio,  COMPRESSIBILITY  Effects of Anisotropy (G /G )  Recompression index, C vh hh r  Nonlinearity (G/G vs  )  Yield Stress,  ' (and YSR) max s y  Subgrade Modulus, k  Preconsolidation,  ’ (and OCR) s p  Spring Constants, k , k , k , k  Coefficient of Consolidation, c z x  θ v  Virgin Compression index, C STRENGTH c  Swelling index, C  Drained and Undrained,  s max  Peak (s , c’, ’) RHEOLOGICAL u  Post‐peak, '  Strain rate, t  Remolded strength  Time since consolidation (T)  Softened or critical state, s  Coef. secondary compression, C u (rem)   Residual (c ’,  ’)  Creep rate,  r r R  Cyclic Behavior ( / ')  Time to failure, t cyc vo f “...when you can measure what you are  speaking about and express it in numbers,  you know something about it; but when  you cannot express it in numbers, your  knowledge is of a meager and  unsatisfactory kind"    Lord Kelvin (1883) Jaksa (2005) US National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (NGES) Established in USA jointly by:  National Science Foundation   (NSF)  Federal Highway Administration   (FHWA) ASCE Geo‐Institute  6 NGES in continental USA  ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication  (GSP) No. 93 (2000) NGES: Texas A&M Sand Site US National Geotechnical Test Site (Briaud & Gibbens, 1999;  Briaud, 2007) SPT‐N value, N  (bpf) Tip Resistance, q (MPa) Limit Pressure, P (kPa) DMT Pressures (bars) Velocity, V (m/s) 60 t L s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 0 500 1000 1500 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 100 200 300 400 0  Upper Pleistocene Clean CHT 1  Sands (SP) DMT 2 3 4 )   silty Sands (SP‐SM) ers 5 CPT t e m h ( 6 t p e D   Silty to Clayey 7  Sands (SC ‐ SM) SPT 8 9 PMT 10 p0  Hard Eocene Clay p1  Shale 11 Crosshole 2‐1 12 NGES:  Opelika, Alabama Piedmont residual fine sandy silts (Vinson and Brown, 1997;  Mayne & Brown, 2003)

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State Parameter, ψ. ▫ Degree of cementation. ▫ Fabric and void index, I vo. ▫ Continuity (intact or fissured). Z. Z w. Soil. Element A. Initial Conditions Sands (SC - SM). Hard Eocene Clay. Shale. 0. 10. 20. Tip Resistance, qt (MPa). 0. 500 1000 1500. Limit Pressure, PL (kPa). 0. 1. 2. 3. 4
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