ebook img

Freud Evaluated The Completed Arc PDF

698 Pages·1990·43.27 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Freud Evaluated The Completed Arc

FREUD EVALUATED The Completed Arc ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY 75 Editors: G. E. STELMACH P. A. VROON NORTH-HOLLAND AMSTERDAM NEW YORK OXFORD TOKYO FREUD EVALUATED The Completed Arc Malcolm MACMILLAN Dcpurtnient qf' Psychologv Monusk University Cluyton, Victor-iu,A ustrwliu 1991 NORTH-HOLLAND AMSTERDAM NEW YORK OXFORD TOKYO NORTH-HOLLAND ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O. Box 21 I, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Distributors for the United States and Canada: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 655 Avenue of the Americas New York, N.Y. 10010, U.S.A. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Macmillan. Malcolm, 1929- Freud evaluated the completed arc / Malcolm Macmillan. p. cm. -- (Advances in pSyChOlOgy , 75) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-444-88717-2 1. Psychoanalysis. 2. Personality. 3. Freud, Sigmund. 1856-1939. I. Title. 11. Series. BF173.M353 1991 150.19'52--dC20 90-49 125 CIP ISBN: 0 444 88717 2 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V., 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted. in any form or by any means. electronic. mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise. without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V./ Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, P.O. Box 103, 1000 AC Amsterdam. The Netherlands. Special regulations for readers in the U.S.A. - This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC). Salem. M husetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the U.S.A. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside ol' the U.S.A.. should be referred to the Publisher. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability. negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods. products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Printed in The Netherlands PREFACE Freud Evaluated had its origins in a series of lectures to undergraduate students in the Department of Psychology at Monash University. In the beginning the lectures had dealt separately with the twin themes of psycho- analytic personality theory and the application of scientific method in psychology but, as the series developed, it became apparent that aspects of the evolution of the theory could be used to demonstrate some of the principles of scientific enquiry. Both an earlier version of Freud Evaluated and the present one reflect that aim. Because the lectures relied so much on original sources it was hard to provide reading and suitable reference material. I attempted to meet that need by expanding my lecture notes into the manuscript of the first version of Freud Evaluated. The work was begun during some spare time I found during a sabbatical leave in 1972-73, in the Department of Physical Education - Women at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and the final draft was completed in Melbourne during the summer vacation of 1973-74. Soon after its completion I found myself dissatisfied with what I had done and was tempted to undertake a revision. It was one occasion on which I should have resisted Oscar Wilde’s advice because, having yielded to that temptation, I found myself gradually succumbing to another: that of producing the most comprehensive critique of psycho-analytic personality theory I could. Freud Evaluated is therefore very different from a simple lecture supplement and is virtually a new work. In the lectures I had avoided secondary sources and interpretative accounts as much as I could and wherever possible drew on the publicat- ions with which Freud was familiar, especially the works of Charcot, Bernheim, Janet, Meynert, Jackson, and Darwin. Much of the light which those works provided for illuminating Freud’s thinking in the lectures and in Freud Evaluated was provided by the skilled translations of Lillias O’Dea, North Melbourne, Drs. P. J. Weir and Andrew Wood, Melbourne, and Dr. James W. Coleman, Department of German, University of San Francisco. Lillias’ translations were especially important: her multi- lingual skills enabled me to compare, among other things, the original of Charcot and Bernheim with Freud’s German translations and with the various English translations. Most of the re-translations are also hers. To display a serious critical interest in Freudian theory in Australia is, as elsewhere, to declare oneself a member of a special kind of minority: one whose numbers guarantee intellectual isolation. Having written Freud Evaluated in a virtual intellectual vacuum, I am therefore more than usually appreciative of the encouragement which several of my colleagues and friends gave me and of the critical reading which a number of them made of draft chapters. I am particularly indebted to Emeritus Professor William O’Neil, Professor Frank Cioffi, Professor Ross Day, and Dr. Dianne vi Freud Evaluated: Preface Bradley who each read all or almost all of them. The late Professor Oliver Zangwill, who read the whole manuscript and discussed much of the detail with me, was, of course, kindly and encouraging as well as penetrating and direct in his criticism. Oliver and Professors E. R. (‘Jack’) Hilgard, Stanford University, Max Coltheart, then of Birkbeck College, and John Kihlstrom, University of Arizona were good enough to allow me to visit their departments, mainly to use nearby libraries, and they also arranged for me to give seminars. For helping make some of the drafts more literate, and especially for improving my treatment of theoretically obscure points, I am much in the debt of Liz Gallois and Lindsay Image of Melbourne. I am also more than pleased to acknowledge much valuable information very generously provided by Peter Swales. I have been helped a great deal by the clerical, professional, and technical staff of my own Department. Freud Evaluated could not have completed had it not been for the typing, computer programming, electronic, and photographic skills shared by Lesley Anderson, Nan Appleby, John Dick, Mike Durham, Jan Gipps, the late Desi Green, Vladimir Kohout, Lola Pasieczny, Lynne Steele, and Pam Ward. Help from Graeme Askew and Graeme Ivey, of the Monash University Educational Technology Service, and James Meehan, of my own Department, made the camera ready copy possible and Dr. Garry Thorp provided most of the assistance for the index. Cathy Cook and Cheryl Roberts, Technical Officers in my Department, worked very hard at finding references and Cathy, who had also carefully checked so many of the drafts, worked just as cheerfully in the final stages at solving what threatened to become an endless series of problems. I have also to thank various Libraries, Librarians, and Library Staff for the rapidity with which they were able to meet my requests. My special thanks go to the Librarians and staff of the Biomedical Library of Monash University, the Brownless Library of the University of Melbourne, the Australian Medical Association Library, Melbourne, the Middleton and Memorial Libraries of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, the Stanford and Lane Medical Libraries of Stanford University, Cambridge University Library, Birkbeck College Library of the University of London and the British Library. Finally, to two of my friends I am especially grateful. Professor Ross Day, the Chairman of my own Department provided encouragement and formidable critical advice as well as funds which defrayed the costs of research assistance and translation preparation not met by Grants from the Monash Special Research Fund. My very special thanks go to Dr. Leonie Ryder not only for an enormous amount of critical help but also for encouraging me to begin and, once having started, to persevere. Box Hill and Clayton, Victoria, May 1990. CONTENTS Preface V Introduction 1 PART I BEGINNING ASSUMPTIONS Ch.1 Anna 0. and the origins of Freud’s personality theory 10 Ch.2 Charcot, hypnosis and determinism 32 Ch.3 Freud, determinism and hysteria 55 Ch.4 Freud’s adaptation of Breuer’s treatment method 74 Ch.5 Causes and the actual neuroses 122 PART I1 RRST THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS Ch.6 Mechanisms of symptom formation 146 Ch.7 A theory of the neuroses 16 7 Ch.8 Expectations, actual neuroses and childhood seduction 200 Ch.9 Dreams and symptoms 232 Ch.10 A theory of sexuality 28 1 PART 111 THE FINAL SYNTHESIS Ch.11 The ego and the ego-instinctual drive 328 Ch.12 The instinct theory finalized 368 Ch.13 The structures of the mind 430 PART IV EVALUATION Ch.14 Psycho-analysis as theory and therapy 508 Ch.15 Psycho-analysis as a method 549 Ch.16 Psycho-analysis as science 577 REFERENCES 613 INDEX 66 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 668 This Page Intentionally Left Blank INTRODUCTION Alles Gescheite ist schon gedacht worden; man muss nur versuchen, es noch einmal zu denken. Goethe: Spriiche in Prosa. Manmen und Reflexionen, I. Freud Evaluated: The Completed Arc is a critical evaluation of Freud’s personality theory which, because it is historically based, provides an evaluation very different from most. What I do is to describe the observations which Freud made and set out the theoretical ideas he put forward for explaining them. I then try to judge the adequacy of Freud’s explanations against the logical and scientific standards of Freud’s own time. It is largely this historical basis which leads me to believe that Freud Evaluated is a justified addition to what seems to be veritable torrent of books on Freud. My hope is that the historical perspective will give the reader a sound basis on which to make a judgement about psycho-analysis as a method of investigation and a theory of personality as well as a sense of what Freud was about from Freud’s own standpoint. Freud in context I site Freud’s endeavour, particularly the first twenty years of it, in the psychological and psychiatric context of the time. The period has not been given the critical attention it warrants, despite the important work of Andersson (1962)’ Stewart (1969) and Sulloway (1979). All of Freud’s important assumptions and characteristic modes of thought are to be found in this formative period. Many of the tests of his theoretical propositions were also simpler then than they later became and the sources of many of the current difficulties in psycho-analytic theory more readily identifiable. By examining the early period, one sees more clearly the continuity of Freud’s thought with that of his predecessors, especially with Charcot’s, and that it was not until about 1900-1905 that he developed a theory radically different from any that had gone before. Bringing out these kinds of continuities is not meant to detract from Freud’s originality. What I hope it does is to allow his contributions to be seen as the development of already existing trends. To me, the specific characteristics of Freud’s approach then seem more distinct than when they are related only to a general intellectual context, as in Ernest Jones’ (1953-1957) account, or to a general social context as in Ellenberger’s (1970) history. Placing Freud in the psychological and psychiatric context of his day also brings out more clearly the basis of a number of the unresolved problems of contemporary psycho-analytic theory. For example, Breuer’s original notes on Anna 0. show how he and Freud misinterpreted the

Description:
This volume is an historically based critical evaluation of Freud's personality theory. In it the observations Freud made are described and the theoretical ideas he put forward for explaining them are set out. The adequacy of Freud's explanations are judged against the logical and scientific standar
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.