Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification (Aquatic Ecology)

935 Pages·2003·38.72 MB·English

by  Robert G. Sheath

Freshwater
Algae of
North America
Ecology and Classification
Freshwater
Algae of
North America
Ecology and Classification
Edited by
JOHN D. WEHR
Louis Calder Center—Biological Station
and Department of Biological Sciences
Fordham University
Armonk, New York
and
ROBERT G. SHEATH
Office of Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs
California State University, San Marcos
San Marcos, California
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Front cover image: Kandis Elliot
Institute of Applied Science.
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02 03 04 05 06 07 MB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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We acknowledge the numerous phycological pioneers
who blazed many trails for those of us who followed
in the study of North American freshwater algae,
especially Gilbert M. Smith, Gerald W. Prescott,
George J. Schumacher, Larry A. Whitford, Francis
Wolle and Hoaratio C. Wood.
John D. Wehr
Robert G. Sheath
My heartfelt thanks and love go to Deborah Donaldson
for her faith and support.
John D. Wehr
My love and appreciation to Mary Koske who supported
me through those many collecting trips to far-flung
places and the myriad of career and location changes.
Robert G. Sheath
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Contents
Contributors xiii III. Lotic Environments 28
Preface xv IV. Wetlands 38
V. Thermal and Acidic Environments 40
VI. Unusual Environments 42
1 Literature Cited 45
INTRODUCTION TO FRESHWATER ALGAE
Robert G. Sheath and John D. Wehr
3
I. Introduction 1
II. Classification 5 COCCOID AND COLONIAL
III. Taxonomic Chapters in This Book 8 CYANOBACTERIA
Literature Cited 9
Jirˇí Komárek
I. Introduction 59
2 II. Morphology and Diversity 60
III. Ecology and Distribution 63
FRESHWATER HABITATS OF ALGAE IV. Collection, Preparation, and Culture 67
John D. Wehr and Robert G. Sheath V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 68
VI. Guide to Literature for Species
I. What is Fresh Water? 11 Identification 110
II. Lentic Environments 12 Literature Cited 110
vii
viii Contents
4 III. Ecology and Distribution 257
IV. Collection and Preparation for
FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIA
Identification 258
Jirˇí Komárek, Hedy Kling, and Jaroslava Komárková V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 259
VI. Guide to Literature for Species
I. Introduction 117
Identification 307
II. Morphology 118
Literature Cited 307
III. Ecology 120
IV. Methods 121
V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 121
Note Added in Proof 189 8
VI. Guide to Literature for Species
FILAMENTOUS AND PLANTLIKE
Identification 191
Literature Cited 191 GREEN ALGAE
David M. John
5 I. Introduction 311
II. Diversity and Morphology 311
RED ALGAE
III. Classification of Green Algae 312
Robert G. Sheath IV. Ecology and Distribution 313
V. Collection and Preparation of Samples 315
I. Introduction 197
VI. Key and Descriptions of Genera 316
II. Diversity and Morphology 197
VII. Guide to Literature for Species
III. Ecology and Distribution 202
Identification 347
IV. Collection and Preparation for
Literature Cited 349
Identification 206
V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 207
VI. Guide to Literature for Species
Identification 221 9
Literature Cited 221
CONJUGATING GREEN ALGAE
AND DESMIDS
6
Joseph F. Gerrath
FLAGELLATED GREEN ALGAE
I. Introduction 353
Hisayoshi Nozaki
II. Diversity and Morphology 354
III. Ecology and Distribution 363
I. Introduction 225
IV. Collection and Preparation for
II. Diversity and Morphology 225
Identification 365
III. Ecology and Distribution 226
V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 365
IV. Collection and Preparation for
VI. Guide to Literature for Species
Identification 227
Identification 379
V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 227
Literature Cited 379
VI. Guide to Literature for Species
Identification 247
Literature Cited 248
10
7 PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUGLENOIDS
James R. Rosowski
NONMOTILE COCCOID AND COLONIAL
GREEN ALGAE I. Introduction 383
II. Diversity and Morphology 387
L. Elliot Shubert
III. Ecology and Distribution 405
I. Introduction 253 IV. Collection, Culturing, and Preparation
II. Diversity and Morphology 254 for Identification 408
Contents ix
V. Key and Descriptions of North American VI. Guide to Literature for Species
Genera 410 Identification 519
VI. Guide to Literature for Species Literature Cited 519
Identification 415
Literature Cited 416
14
SYNUROPHYTE ALGAE
11 Peter A. Siver
EUSTIGMATOPHYTE, RAPHIDOPHYTE, I. Introduction 523
II. Diversity and Morphology 524
AND TRIBOPHYTE ALGAE
III. Ecology and Distribution 534
Donald W. Ott and Carla K. Oldham-Ott
IV. Collection and Preparation for
I. General Introduction 423 Identification 539
II. Eustigmatophytes 424 V. Keys to Genera and Common Species from
III. Raphidophytes 427 North America 541
IV. Tribophytes 429 VI. Guide to Literature for Species
V. Collection and Preparation for Identification 551
Identification 463 Literature Cited 552
VI. Guide to Literature for Species
Identification 465
Literature Cited 466 15
CENTRIC DIATOMS
Eugene F. Stoermer and Matthew L. Julius
12 J. P. Kociolek and S. A. Spaulding (Introduction)
CHRYSOPHYCEAN ALGAE I. General Introduction to the Diatoms 559
II. Introduction to Centric Diatoms 562
Kenneth H. Nicholls and Daniel E. Wujek
III. Classification 563
I. Introduction 471 IV. Morphology and Physiology 565
II. Diversity and Morphology 473 V. Ecology and Evolution 568
III. Ecology 485 VI. Collection and Study Methods 570
IV. Collection and Preparation for VII. Key and Descriptions of Genera 571
Identification 490 VIII. Guide to Literature for Species
V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 491 Identification 587
VI. Guide to Literature for Species Literature Cited 588
Identification 503
Literature Cited 503
16
ARAPHID AND MONORAPHID DIATOMS
13 John C. Kingston
HAPTOPHYTE ALGAE I. Introduction 595
II. Diversity and Morphology 596
Kenneth H. Nicholls
III. Ecology and Distribution 604
I. Introduction 511 IV. Collection and Preparation for
II. Diversity and Morphology 512 Identification 605
III. Ecology and Distribution 513 V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 605
IV. Collection and Preparation for VI. Guide to Literature for Species
Identification 514 Identification 628
V. Key and Descriptions of Genera 515 Literature Cited 631