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French Society: 1589-1715 PDF

217 Pages·2014·4.142 MB·English
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FRENCH SOCIETY 1589-1715 A SOCIAL HISTORY OF EUROPE General Editor: Raymond Pearson French Society 1589-1715 is the second volume to be published in a major new Longman series. Wide-ranging both geographically and chronologically, it will explore the history of the peoples of Europe in an ambitious programme of analytical surveys, each examining a nation, state or region in a key phase of its development. The books will be written by leading experts; and each, while synthesizing the latest scholarship in the field, will be invigorated by the findings and preoccupations of the author’s original research. The series is designed for a wide audience: the volumes will be necessary reading for serious students and fellow scholars, but they are also written to engage and interest the non-specialist coming to the subject for the first time. Inaugurated by the late Harry Hearder, the series is under the General Editorship of Professor Raymond Pearson, Professor of European History at the University of Ulster at Coleraine. Many further volumes are in preparation. FRENCH SOCIETY 1589-1715 Sharon Kettering First published in 2001 by Pearson Education Limited Published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © Taylor & Francis 2001 The right of Sharon Kettering to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. ISBN 978-1-315-84091-8 (eISBN) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book can be obtained from the British Library. Transferred to digital print on demand, 2006 Typeset by 35 in 10/13pt Bembo ForJ.H.M. Salmon and Orest Ranum CONTENTS GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE ix PREFACE xi INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL SOLIDARITIES 1 1 FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS 6 The instability of families 9 Family tension and strife 12 2 WOMEN AND MEN 20 Dependency and manipulation 22 The battle of the sexes 27 Women, work and home 29 3 PLAGUE AND PEASANTS 35 Why was agriculture stagnant? 39 How unchanging was rural life? 42 4 CITIES AND CHANGE 48 Urban growth 50 Causes and effects of urban growth 54 Urban growth and social change 60 5 THE NOBILITY 64 The royal court 67 The court, the king and the nobility 70 The changing role of the nobility 73 6 THE EARLY MODERN STATE 81 The traditional interpretation 84 The revisionist interpretation 85 New political solidarities 91 7 THE CHURCH 96 Catholic reform 98 The impact of Catholic Reform 103 vii CONTENTS Religious dissent: the Protestants 106 Religious dissent: the Jansenists 111 8 THE MARGINS OF SOCIETY 116 Freethinkers and rationalists 117 Witches 122 Poverty and crime 127 CONCLUSION: SOLIDARITIES AND SOCIAL CHANGE 135 APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS 142 APPENDIX 2 GLOSSARY 145 APPENDIX 3 A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 148 MAPS 157 NOTES 161 INDEX 199 viii GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE For far too long ‘social history’ was regularly, even routinely defined dis- missively and negatively along the lines of ‘history with the high politics, economics and diplomacy left out’. Over the latter decades of the twentieth century, however, a virtual revolution in the sub-discipline of‘social history’ has gathered momentum, fuelled not only by historians but specialists from such established academic disciplines as anthropology, economics, politics and especially sociology, and enriched by contributors from burgeoning cul- tural, demographic, media and women’s studies. At the cusp of the twenty- first century, the prime rationale of the recently launched ‘Social History of Europe’ series is to reflect the cumulative achievement and reinforce the ripening respectability of what may be positively yet succinctly defined as nothing less than the ‘history of society’. Initiated by the late Professor Harry Hoarder of the University of Wales, the ‘Social History of Europe’ series is conceived as an ambitious and open-ended collection of wide-ranging general surveys charting the history of the peoples of the major European nations, states and regions through key phases in their societal development from the late Middle Ages to the present. The series is not designed to become necessarily either chronologically or geographically all-embracing, although certain pre-eminent areas and periods will demand a systematic sequence of coverage. Typically, a volume covers a period of about one century, but longer (and occasionally shorter) time-spans are prov- ing appropriate. A degree of modest chronological overlap between volumes covering a particular nation, state or region is acceptable where justified by the historical experiencer Each volume in the series is written by a commissioned European or Amer- ican expert and, while synthesizing the latest scholarship in the field, is in- vigorated by the findings and preoccupations of the author’s original research. As works of authority and originality, all contributory volumes are of genuine interest and value to the individual author’s academic peers. Even so, the contributory volumes are not intended to be scholarly mono- graphs addressed to the committed social historian but broader synoptic overviews which serve a non-specialist general readership. All the volumes are therefore intended to take the ‘textbook dimension’ with due seriousness, with authors recognizing that the long-term success of the series will depend on its usefulness to, and popularity with, an international undergraduate and

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