French Music, Culture, and National Identity, 1870-1939

287 Pages·2008·2.843 MB·English

by  Barbara L. Kelly

French Music, Culture,
and National Identity, 1870–1939
Eastman Studies in Music
Ralph P. Locke, Senior Editor
Eastman School of Music
Additional Titles in Music since 1800
Berlioz: Past, Present, Future Musical Encounters at the
Edited by Peter Bloom 1889Paris World’s Fair
Annegret Fauser
Berlioz: Scenes from the Life and Work
Edited by Peter Bloom The Musical Madhouse
(Les Grotesques de la musique)
Berlioz’s Semi-Operas:Roméo et Juliette Hector Berlioz
andLa damnation de Faust Translated and edited by Alastair Bruce
Daniel Albright Introduction by Hugh Macdonald
“Claude Debussy As I Knew Him” and Musicking Shakespeare:
Other Writings of Arthur Hartmann A Conflict of Theatres
Edited by Samuel Hsu, Sidney Grolnic, Daniel Albright
and Mark Peters
Foreword by David Grayson Music’s Modern Muse: A Life of Winnaretta
Singer, Princesse de Polignac
Debussy’s Letters to Inghelbrecht: Sylvia Kahan
The Story of a Musical Friendship
Annotated by Margaret G. Cobb Pentatonicism from the Eighteenth Century
to Debussy
French Organ Music from the Jeremy Day-O’Connell
Revolution to Franck and Widor
Edited by Lawrence Archbold The Poetic Debussy: A Collection of
and William J. Peterson His Song Texts and Selected Letters
(Revised Second Edition)
Maurice Duruflé: Edited by Margaret G. Cobb
The Man and His Music
James E. Frazier Schubert in the European Imagination,
Volume 1: The Romantic and Victorian Eras
Music and the Occult: Scott Messing
French Musical Philosophies,
1750–1950 The Sea on Fire: Jean Barraqué
Joscelyn Godwin Paul Griffiths
A complete list of titles in the Eastman Studies in Music Series,
in order of publication, may be found at the end of this book.
French Music, Culture,
and National Identity,
1870–1939
Edited by Barbara L. Kelly
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER PRESS
Copyright © 2008by the Editor and Contributors
All rights reserved.Except as permitted under current legislation,
no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system,
published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted,
recorded, or reproduced in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission of the copyright owner.
First published 2008
University of Rochester Press
668Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
www.urpress.com
and Boydell & Brewer Limited
PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP123DF, UK
www.boydellandbrewer.com
ISBN-13: 978–1–58046–272–3
ISBN-10: 1–58046–272–3
ISSN: 1071–9989
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
French music, culture, and national identity, 1870–1939/ edited by
Barbara L. Kelly.
p. cm. — (Eastman studies in music, ISSN 1071–9989; v. 54)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-58046-272-3(hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-58046-272-3
1. Music—Political aspects—France—History—20th century. 2.
Music—Political aspects—France—History—19th century. 3. Nationalism
in music. I. Kelly, Barbara L.
ML3917.F8F74 2008
306.4(cid:1)842094409034—dc22
2007042718
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
This publication is printed on acid-free paper.
Printed in the United States of America.
For David, Tom, and Fiona

Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgments xi
Timeline: Selective Chronology of Historical and Cultural xii
Events, 1870–1939
Introduction: The Roles of Music and Culture in National
Identity Formation 1
Barbara L. Kelly
Part One: Heroism, Art, and New Media:
France and Identity Formation
1 Unifying the French Nation: Savorgnan de Brazza and the
Third Republic 17
Edward Berenson
2 New Media, Source-Bonding, and Alienation: Listening at the 1889
Exposition Universelle 40
Annegret Fauser
3 Debussy and the Making of a musicien français:
Pelléas, the Press, and World War I 58
Barbara L. Kelly
4 À bas Wagner!: The French Press Campaign against
Wagner during World War I 77
Marion Schmid
Part Two: Canon, Style, and Political Alignment
5 D’Indy’s Beethoven 95
Steven Huebner
6 Messidor: Republican Patriotism and the French Revolutionary
Tradition in Third Republic Opera 112
James Ross
viii ❧ contents
7 The Symphony and National Identity in
Early Twentieth-Century France 131
Brian Hart
8 Transcending the Word?: Religion and Music in
Gauguin’s Quest for Abstraction 149
Debora Silverman
9 Jolivet’s Search for a New French Voice: Spiritual
“Otherness” in Mana(1935) 172
Deborah Mawer
Part Three: Regionalism
10 Rameau in Late Nineteenth-Century Dijon:
Memorial, Festival, Fiasco 197
Katharine Ellis
11 Becoming Alsatian: Anti-German and Pro-French
Cultural Propaganda in Alsace, 1898–1914 215
Detmar Klein
12 National Identity and the Double Border in Lorraine, 1870–1914 234
Didier Francfort
Translated by Christopher Moore
List of Contributors 251
Index 255
Illustrations
Figures
1.1 “Savorgnan de Brazza,” L’Illustration, November 25, 1882 30
1.2 Brazza Prophet 31
1.3 Brazza Grevin, 1884 32
2.1 Paul Renouard, “Écoutant l’Opéra,” illustration for
Louis d’Hurcourt, “Téléphones et phonographes à
l’exposition universelle,” L’Illustration, October 19, 1889 44
2.2 Morin, “Transmission du son—Auditions théâtrales
à distance,” Le Monde illustré, numéro spécial exclusivement
consacré à l’Exposition de l’Électricité, October 22, 1881 45
2.3 Paul Renouard, “Une distraction,” illustration for Louis
d’Hurcourt, “Téléphones et phonographes à
l’Exposition universelle,” L’Illustration, October 191889 47
4.1 “L’Empereur d’Allemagne monte sur un cygne-auto,”
Le Mot, January 2, 1915 82
4.2 Paul Iribe, “Lohengrin et l’écrevisse, La Marche sur Paris,”
Le Mot, December 7, 1914 83
4.3 Lucien Métivet,“Les Dames de Guerre: Brünnhilde la Valkyrie” 84
4.4 Métivet, “La Chanteuse wagnérienne” 85
5.1 Projected Beethoven monument by the Mauritius-born
sculptor José de Charmoy (1870–1914), Musica32(May 1905) 100
8.1 Gauguin, Soyez symboliste, 1891 150
8.2 Gauguin, La Vision du sermon(The Vision of the Sermon:
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel), 1888 154
8.3 Gauguin, Decorated Wooden Box, 1884/85 158
8.4 Gauguin, La Vie et la Mort(Life and Death), 1889 161
8.5 Gauguin, D’où venons-nous? Que sommes-nous? Où allons-nous?
(Where Do We Come From? What Are We?
Where Are We Going?), 1897–98 163
10.1 “Souvenir des fêtes nationales des 11, 12, 13, 14et 15août 1876
pour élever une statue à Rameau. Lithographie de Stop” 199
10.2 “Les Fêtes du centenaire de Rameau” [sic], in
La Revue illustrée, 1876 204