French Imperialism in the Middle East: The Failure of Policy in Syria and Lebanon, 1900-1914 PDF
Preview French Imperialism in the Middle East: The Failure of Policy in Syria and Lebanon, 1900-1914
FRENCH IMPERIALISM in the MIDDLE EAST The Failure of Policy in Syria and Lebanon, 1900-1914 FRENCH IMPERIALISM in the MIDDLE EAST The Failure of Policy in Syria and Lebanon 1900-1914 William I. Shorrock THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN PRESS Published 1976 The University of Wisconsin Press Box 1379, Madison, Wisconsin 53701 The University of Wisconsin Press, Ltd. 70 Great Russell Street, London Copyright © 1976 The Regents of The University of Wisconsin System All rights reserved First printing Printed in the United States of America Publication of this book was made possible in part by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Shorrock, William I 1941— French imperialism in the Middle East. Based on the author's thesis. University of Wis consin, Madison. Bibliography: p. 197-208 Includes index. 1. France—Foreign relations—Syria. 2. Syria— Foreign relations—France. 3. France—Foreign re lations—Lebanon. 4. Lebanon—Foreign relations— France. I. Title. DC59.8.S95S56 956.91’03 75-32078 ISBN 0-2994)7030-1 TO MARJORIE CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 3 2 Background 11 3 The Lorando-Tubini Affair 23 4 The Protectorate: Part 1 33 5 The Protectorate: Part 2 48 6 France and the Origins of the Syrian National Movement to 1912 65 7 France and the Syrian National Movement, 1912*1914 83 8 French Political Influence in Lebanon, 1901-1914 102 9 Franco-British Rivalry in Prewar Syria 114 10 The Railroad Question: Creation of an Economic Sphere of Influence 138 vii viii Contents 11 Conclusion 165 Appendixes 173 Notes 177 Bibliography 197 Index 209 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is a pleasure for an author to acknowledge assistance and encouragement received during the lengthy process of research ing, writing, and completing the final preparation for a book manuscript. An initial note of gratitude must go the History Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for gen erously providing a grant helping me to undertake the initial research in Paris. I am especially grateful for the kindly and help- full assistance rendered by the staff at the Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères in Paris, who made innumerable volumes of unpublished materials available to me with a minimum of delays. I would be remiss were I not also to mention the coopera tion of the librarians and archivists at the Bibliothèque Nationale, the Archives Nationales, the Memorial Library at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the Cleveland State University Li brary. Gratitude is also expressed to the Instructional Media Services of the Cleveland State University. Many individuals have had a hand in the preparation of this volume, but one deserves special mention here. Professor Theo dore S. Hamerow of the University of Wisconsin-Madison saw the manuscript through its initial form as a dissertation some years ago and has been a constant source of advice and encouragement ever since. Although the book owes many of whatever merits it may have to these individuals and institutions, needless to say any errors of fact or judgment are mine alone. ix X Acknowledgments An early version of chapter 10, dealing with the creation of a French economic sphere of influence in Syria and Lebanon, appeared in article form in The International Journal of Middle East Studies in 1970. A final note of appreciation goes first to my parents, whose devotion has long been a source of strength to me, and finally to my wife, Marjorie, to whom this book is dedicated. It owes more than I can express to her enthusiasm and encouragement. w.i.s. October 1975 Cleveland, Ohio
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