French Cultural Policy Debates: A Reader

234 Pages·2002·2.02 MB·English

by  Jeremy Ahearne (editor)

French Cultural Policy Debates
Since the foundation in 1959 of the Ministry of Culture, cultural policy in
France has enjoyed a profile unparalleled in any other country. For the first
time, French Cultural Policy Debates: A Reader makes available the key
contributions to a debate which has not only focused on the precise modes of
political intervention in cultural production, but has also provided a forum for
the discussion of much wider social and political issues.
A substantial introduction provides an overview of French cultural policy
since 1959 and also places each reading in its political and cultural context.
Through the writings of leading policy-makers and analysts, such as André
Malraux, Jack Lang and Pierre Bourdieu, French Cultural Policy Debates traces
the emergence of a distinctive model of cultural action, and shows how this was
challenged in the wake of 1968 by broader understandings of cultural
development. Subsequent readings consider the debates generated in the 1980s
by France’s promotion of cultural industrial forms, and reveal more recent
challenges to the very notion of a national cultural policy associated with the
increasing globalization of the market for cultural goods. The texts address a
span of domains, ranging from theatre, painting, opera and film to popular
music and community arts, and shape a more fundamental debate concerning
the relations between culture, democracy, the economy, technology and the State.
Jeremy Ahearne is lecturer in French Studies and a member of the Centre
for Cultural Policy Studies at the University of Warwick. He is the author of
Michel de Certeau: Interpretation and its Other, as well as a range of articles on
contemporary French thought and culture.
Routledge Harwood Studies in Cultural Policy
Edited by Jim McGuigan, Loughborough University,
and Oliver Bennett, University of Warwick
French Cultural Policy Debates
Jeremy Ahearne
The Operatic State
Ruth Bereson
French Cultural
Policy Debates
A Reader
Edited by
Jeremy Ahearne
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CONTENTS v
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Preface xi
Jeremy Ahearne
INTRODUCTION 1
The ‘invention’ and early critiques of cultural policy 4
Cultural development 12
National creation and the economy 18
The routinization of charisma 25
PART ONE
The ‘invention’ and early critiques of cultural policy 37
1 Jean Vilar
THEATRE: A PUBLIC SERVICE (1960) 39
2 Joffre Dumazedier and A. Ripert
LEISURE AND CULTURE (1966) 45
3 André Malraux
SPEECH GIVEN ON THE OCCASION OF THE INAUGURATION
OF THE HOUSE OF CULTURE AT AMIENS (1966) 55
4 Pierre Bourdieu
INEQUALITY AT SCHOOL AS THE KEY TO CULTURAL
INEQUALITY (1966) 62
vi CONTENTS
5 THE VILLEURBANNE DECLARATION (1968) 70
PART TWO
Cultural development 77
6 Francis Jeanson
CHALON: FOUR YEARS OF CULTURAL ACTION (1971) 79
7 Jacques Duhamel
THE AGE OF CULTURE (1972) 83
8 Pierre Gaudibert
CULTURAL ACTION: INTEGRATION AND/OR
SUBVERSION (1977) 91
9 Augustin Girard
CULTURAL INDUSTRIES (1978) 102
PART THREE
National creation and the economy 109
10 Jack Lang
CULTURE AND THE ECONOMY (1982) 111
11 Marc Guillaume
THE CULTURAL IMPERATIVE (1983) 121
12 Jacques Renard
A CULTURAL ELAN (1987) 127
13 Olivier Donnat
CULTURAL DEMOCRATIZATION: THE END
OF A MYTH (1991) 135
14 Marc Fumaroli
THE CULTURAL STATE (1991) 148
15 Jean Caune
THE POWER OF CREATION OR POWER TO
THE CREATORS? (1992) 157
CONTENTS vii
PART FOUR
The routinization of charisma 163
16 Jacques Rigaud
THE CULTURAL INDUSTRIES (1996) 165
17 Philippe Urfalino
MISSIONS FOR THE MINISTRY OF CULTURE (1997) 174
18 Pierre Sansot
CULTURAL FEBRILITY (1998) 189
19 Catherine Trautmann
CHARTER OF PUBLIC SERVICE MISSIONS FOR THE
PERFORMING ARTS (1998) 196
20 Catherine Trautmann
CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND THE CULTURAL
EXCEPTION (1999) 206
Bibliography of studies on French cultural
policy available in English 212
Index 215
viii CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix
Acknowledgements
Permissions given by the following copyright holders and authors is gratefully
acknowledged:
Pierre Bourdieu, ‘La transmission de l’héritage culturel’, in Darras, Le Partage des
bénéfices. Expansion et inégalités en France (Minuit, 1966), pp. 409–418;
Jean Caune, La Culture en action. De Vilar à Lang: le sens perdu (Presses Universitaires
de Grenoble, 1992), pp. 291–7;
Commissariat Général du Plan (Marc Guillaume), L’Impératif culturel: rapport du groupe
de travail long terme culture (Paris: La Documentation Française, 1982), pp.
78–83;
Olivier Donnat, ‘Démocratisation culturelle: la fin d’un mythe’, in Esprit, March-
April 1991, pp. 65–79;
Jacques Duhamel, ‘L’ère de la culture’ (1972), in Jacques Duhamel, Ministre des Affaires
Culturelles 1971–1973: Discours et écrits (Paris: La Documentation Française, 1993),
pp. 189–202;
Joffre Dumazedier, Le Loisir et la ville, vol. 1, Loisir et culture (Paris: Seuil, 1966), pp.
295–306;
Marc Fumaroli, L’État culturel (Paris: Fallois, 1991), pp. 197–207;
Pierre Gaudibert, Action culturelle: intégration et/ou subversion, 3rd ed. (Casterman,
1977), pp. 160–173;
Augustin Girard, ‘Industries culturelles’ in Futuribles, 17, Sept-Oct 1978, pp. 597–
605;
Francis Jeanson, ‘Chalon: quatre années d’action culturelle’, and the collective
statement ‘Déclaration de Villeurbanne, 25/5/68’, in F. Jeanson, L’Action culturelle
dans la cité (Paris: Seuil, 1973), pp. 152–4, 119–24;
Jack Lang, ‘Intervention de M. Jack Lang, Ministre de la culture’, in Après-Demain,
250, janvier 1983, pp. 4–7;
André Malraux, ‘Discours prononcé à l’occasion de l’inauguration de la Maison de
la culture d’Amiens le 19 mars 1966’, in A. Malraux, La Politique, la culture (Paris:
Gallimard, 1996), pp. 320–30;