Free Radicals in the Brain: Aging, Neurological and Mental Disorders PDF
Preview Free Radicals in the Brain: Aging, Neurological and Mental Disorders
L. Packer L. Prilipko Y Christen (Eds.) Free Radicals in the Brain Aging, Neurological and Mental Disorders With 68 Figures, and 22 Tables Springer¥erlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Packer, Lester, Ph.D. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology 251 Life Sciences Addition University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Prilipko, Leonid, Ph.D. Division of Mental Health World Health Organization ave Appia 27 1211 Geneva Switzerland Christen, Yves, Ph.D. Fondation IPSEN pour la Recherche Therapeutique 30, rue Cambronne 75737 Paris CEDEX France ISBN-13: 978-3-642-77611-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-77609-0 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-77609-0 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustration, recitation, broadcast ing, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the presecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992 The use of general descriptive names, trade marks, etc. in this publication even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used by anyone. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its a accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutica1literature. 27/3145/5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper Preface Free radicals appear to play a mojor role in many neurological (and non neurological) dieseases. Both acute and degenerative disorders are thought to involve free radicals reactions in tissue injury (for a list see this book page 18). This issue is very important for basic science and for therapeuthic approach as well. In order to review and discuss the place of free radicals in psychiatry and neurology, a joint meeting was initiated by the World Health Organization and the Fondation Ipsen in Paris on June 17-18,1991. This book contains the papers presented during this meeting. Although the papers included in this volume have been produced in the framework of WHO/Fondation Ipsen review of knowledge about free radicals and brain disorders, they express the views of the individual authors rather than a consensus of the participants at the meeting. They do not necessarily represent the decision or stated policy of the World Health Organiszation or the Fondation Ipsen. The editors wish to express their appreciation to Mrs Mervaillie for the organization of the meeting and Mrs M.-L. Gage for her editorial assis tance. L. Packer, L. Prilipko, Y Christen Contents Free Radical Scavengers and Antioxidants in Prophylaxy and Treatment of Brain Diseases L. Packer ........................................... 1 Reactive Oxygen Species and the Central Nervous System B. Halliwell .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Protection Against Peroxidation by Radicals in Cerebral Capillaries and Microvessels During Aging 1. M. Bourre ......................................... 41 Antioxidant Protection of the Brain Against Oxidative Stress V. E. Kagan, R. A. Bakalova, G. M. Koynova, V. A. Tyurin, E. A. Serbinova, V. V. Petko V, V. D. Petkov, D. S. Staneva, and L. Packer ........................................ 49 Antioxidant Deficiency and Neurological Disease in Humans and Experimental Animals D. P. R. Muller, M. A. Goss-Sampson, and C. 1. MacEvilly . . . . . . . . 62 Essential Fatty Acids and Alpha-Tocopherol Supplementation in Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) K. S. Vaddadi ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Role of Free Radicals in Alzheimer's Disease and Down's Syndrome P.-M. Sinet and l. Ceballos-Picot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Dopaminergic Cell Death in Parkinson's Disease F. Javoy-Agid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Posttraumatic Epilepsy, Free Radicals and Antioxidant Therapy A. Mori, M. Hiramatsu and I. Yokoi ........................ 109 Lipid Peroxidation in the Pathology of the Retina M. Doly and M.-T. Droy-Lefaix ........................... 123 VIII Contents Free Radical Activity in Chronic Ethanol Intoxication in Humans T. L. Dormandy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 The Possible Role of Lipid Peroxidation in the Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders L. Prilipko .......................................... 146 Side-Effects of Psychotropic Therapy R. J. Sram and B. Binkova .......................... . . . . . 153 Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidants in Childhood Epilepsy A. O. Ogunmekan and P. A. Hwang ........................ 167 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Contributors Bakalova, R. A. Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria Binkove, B. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czechoslovak Academy of Science, 120000 Prague 2, Czechoslovakia Bourre, 1. M. INSERM U. 26, Hopital, Fernand Widal, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, 75475 Paris CEDEX 10, France Ceballos-Picot, I. CNRS URA 1335 - Laboratoire de Biochimie Genetique, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sevres, 75743 Paris, France Doly, M. Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U 71, Facultes de Medecine et de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France Dormandy, T. L. Department of Chemical Pathology, Whittington Hospital, London NW5 1RD, UK Droy-Lefaix, M.-T. IHBIIPSEN, Res. Lab., Le Plessis-Robinson, France Goss-Sampson, M. A. Membrane Biochemistry and Micro-nutrients Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK Halliwell, B. Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, 4301 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA X Contributors Hiramatsu, M. Institute for Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700, Japan Hwang, P. A. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria Javoy-Agid F. INSERM U 289, Hopital de la Salpetriere, 47 Bd de I'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France Kagan, V. E. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 251 Life Sciences Addition, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science-s, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria Koynova, G. M. Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria MacEvilly, C. J. Membrane Biochemistry and Micro-nutrients Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WCIN lEH, UK Mori, A. Institute for Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700, Japan Muller, D. P. R. Membrane Biochemistry and Micro-nutrients Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London VCIN lEH, UK Ogunmekan, A. 0. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neurology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria Packer, L. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 251 Life Sciences Addition, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Petkov, V. D. Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria Contributors XI Petkov, V. V. Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria Prilipko, L. Division of Mental Health, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland Serbinova, E. A. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 251 Life Sciences Addition, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria Sinet, P.-M. CNRS URA 1335 - Laboratoire de Biochimie Genetique, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sevres, 75743 Paris, France Sram, R. 1. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czechoslovak Academy of Science, 120 00 Prague 2, Czechoslovakia Staneva, D. S. Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria Tyurin, V. A. Institute of Evolutionary Biochemistry, Leningrad, USSR Vaddadi, K. S. University of Melbourne, Larundel Hospital, Plenty Road, Bundoora, 3083 Melbourne, Australia Yokoi, 1. Institute for Neurobiology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700, Japan Free Radical Scavengers and Antioxidants in Prophylaxy and Treatment of Brain Diseases* L. Packer Increasing evidence indicates that probably most diseases at some point during their course undergo free radical reactions in tissue injury. In some cases, free radical reactions may be involved in multiple sites and at different stages of a chronic disease. Both acute and degenerative diseases are thought to involve free radical reactions in tissue injury. An overview will be given of free radicals and the importance of antioxidant interventions with particular reference to the lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E and its interaction with water-soluble antioxidants in protection of biological systems. Oxidants and antioxidants, the vitamin E cycle A "free radical disease" is a disease in which free radicals are shown to be causative. Do aging, neurological and mental disorders involve any "free radical diseases?" There is now increasing evidence indicating that probably most diseases at some point during their course involve free radical reactions and tissue injury. In some cases, free radical reactions may be involved in multiple sites and at different stages of a chronic disease. Stroke is an example; it may result from atherosclerosis of arterial blood vessels serving the brain. Free radical reactions may be involved in oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL), later in "foam cells" (macrophages loaded with damaged LDL) , then in damaged endothelial cells and in lipid oxidation reactions involving smooth muscle cells together with other debris as the fatty streak forms, prior to an atherosclerotic plaque. A scheme illustrating some of the multiple sites involved is shown in Figure 1. Hence, in the etiology and pathogenesis of neurological and mental disorders it is necessary to delineate the cause and effect relationship of free radicals to the temporal course of the disease. This information can be useful in planning therapeutiC approaches and management strategies for patient care. * Acknowledgments: Supported by NIH (CA 47597), ASTA MEDICA, and the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIN)
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