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453 Pages·1992·16.01 MB·English
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EXS 62 Free Radicals and Aging Edited by Ingrid Emerit Britton Chance Birkhauser Verlag Basel . Boston . Berlin Editors' addresses: Dr. Ingrid Emerit Prof. B. Chance Directeur de Recherche C.N.R.S. University of Pennsylvania Institut Biomedical des Cordeliers Department of Biochemistry Universite Pierre et Marie Curie and Biophysics 15-21, Rue de I'Ecoie de Medecine 0-501 Richards Building F-75006 Paris Philadelphia, PA 19104-6089 France U.S.A. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher cannot assume any legal responsibility for given data, especially as far as directions for the use and the handling of chemicals and drugs are concerned. This informa tion can be obtained from the manufacturers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Free radicals and aging / edited by Ingrid Emerit, Britton Chance. p. cm.-(EXS; 62) Includes index. ISBN 978-3-0348-7462-5 ISBN 978-3-0348-7460-l(eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-3-0348-7460-1 I. Free radicals (Chemistry) -Physiological effect. 2. Aging-Molecular aspects. 3. Free Radicals-metabolism-congresses. I. Emerit, Ingrid. II. Chance, Britton. III. Series. [DNLM: I. Aging-physiology-congresses. WI E65 v.62 / WT 104 F8529] RB170.F75 1992 612.6'7-dc20 Deutsche Bibliothek CataIoging-in-Publication Data Free radicals and aging / ed. by Ingrid Emerit; Britton Chance.-Basel; Boston; Berlin: Birkhiiuser, 1992 (EXS; 62) ISBN 978-3-0348-7462-5 NE: Emerit, Ingrid [Hrsg.]; GT This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under §54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to 'Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort', Munich. ©1992 Birkhiiuser Verlag Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992 P.O. Box 133 CH-4010 Basel Switzerland (FAX: + +41/61 271 76 66) ISBN 978-3-0348-7462-5 Contents Preface.................................................. x Part I: The Intrinsic Aging Process Theoretical Considerations D. Harman Free radical theory of aging: History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 v. K. Koltover Free radical theory of aging: View against the reliability theory 11 M. G. Simic The rate of DNA damage and aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 R. G. Cutler Genetic stability and oxidative stress: Common mechanisms in aging and cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 J. Miquel, E. de Juan and l. Sevila Oxygen-induced mitochondrial damage and aging. . .. . . . . . . . . 47 Biochemical Markers of Aging B. Chance, W. W. Bank and C. Zhang Instabilities of metabolic regulations in aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 E. R. Stadtman, P. E. Starke-Reed, C. N. Oliver, J. M. Carney and R. A. Floyd Protein modification in aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 C. Guarnieri, C. Muscari and C. M. Caldarera Mitochondrial production of oxygen free radicals in the heart muscle during the life span of the rat: Peak at middle age. . . 73 M. R. Marzabadi, D. Yin and U. T. Brunk Lipofuscinogenesis in a model system of cultured cardiac myocytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 vi I. Ceballos-Picot, A. Nicole and P.-M. Sinet Cellular clones and transgenic mice overexpressing copper-zinc superoxide dismutase: Models for the study of free radical metabolism and aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 J. Remade, C. Michiels and M. Raes The importance of antioxidant enzymes in cellular aging and degeneration .......................................... 99 G. Barja de Quiroga, M. Lopez-Torres and R. Perez-Campo Relationship between antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and aging 109 W. G. Siems, T. Grune, B. Beierl, H. Zollner and H. Esterbauer The metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, is dependent on tumor age in Ehrlich mouse ascites cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 J. Vifia, J. Sastre, V. Anton, L. Bruseghini, A. Esteras and M. Asensi Effect of aging on glutathione metabolism. Protection by antioxidants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Part II. Age-Related Diseases Cardiovascular System H. Esterbauer, G. Waeg, H. Puhl, M. Dieber-Rotheneder and F. Tatzber Inhibition of LDL oxidation by antioxidants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 N. Dousset, J. C. Dousset, M. L. Sotera and P. Valdiguie Desialylated low density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. . . . . . 158 D. Boscoboinik, E. Chatelain, G.-M. Bartoli and A. Azzi Molecular basis of IX-tocopherol inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro ................................... 164 Brain P. H. Evans, E. Yano, J. Klinowski and E. Peterhans Oxidation damage in Alzheimer's dementia, and the potential etiopathogenic role of aluminosilicates, microglia and micronutrient interactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 K. L. Brugge, S. Nichols, D. Delis, T. Saitoh and D. Truaner The role of alterations in free radical metabolism in mediating cognitive impairments in Down's syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 vii B. Delbarre, G. Delbarre and F. Calinon Free radicals and neurotransmitters in gerbil brain. Influence of age and ischemia reperfusion insult. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 M. Hiramatsu, R. Edamatsu and A. Mori Free radicals, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, neurotransmitters and choline acetyltransferase activity in the aged rat brain. . 213 J.-F. Ghersi-Egea and M.-H. Livertoux Evidence for drug metabolism as a source of reactive species in the brain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Cancer N. I. Krinsky Anticarcinogenic activities of carotenoids in animals and cellular systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 M. Gerber and C. Segala Aging and cancer: Plasma antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in young and aged breast cancer patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 B. M. Hannigan, S.-A. M. Richardson and P. G. McKenna DNA damage in mammalian cell lines with different antioxidant levels and DNA repair capacities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 C. E. P. Goldring, W. L. Hu, N. R. Rao, C. Rice-Evans, R. H. Burdon and A. T. Diplock Variable a-tocopherol stimulation and protection of glutathione peroxidase activity and non-transformed and transformed fibroblasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 P. Bienvenu, L. Caron, D. Gasparutto and J.-F. Kergonou Assessing and counteracting the prooxidant effects of anticancer drugs................................................. 257 Eye Disease A. Taylor Effect of photooxidation on the eye lens and role of nutrients in delaying cataract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 W. Schalch Carotenoids in the retina - A review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen .. 280 M. Do/y, M.-T. Droy-Lefaix and P. Braquet Oxidative stress in diabetic retina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 viii Cartilage, Collagen and Skin Y. Henrotin, G. Deby-Dupont, C. Deby, P. Franchimont and I. Emerit Active oxygen species, articular inflammation and cartilage damage............................................... 308 J. C. Monboisse and J. P. Borel Oxidative damage to collagen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 I. Emerit Free radicals and aging of the skin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Diabetes, Gastrointestinal Tract A. J. Sinclair, A. H. Barnett, A. J. Girting and J. Lunec Modulators of free radical activity in diabetes mellitus: Role of ascorbic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 T. Yoshikawa, S. Takahashi and M. Kondo Possible role of free radicals in the chronic inflammation of the gut... . . . . .. .... . . .... . . . ... . ... . . .... .. . . ... . ... ..... 353 Part III. Epidemiologic Studies, Nutrition and Antioxidant Supplementation Y. Artur, B. Herbeth, L. Guemouri, E. Lecomte, C. Jeandel and G. Siest Age-related variations of enzymatic defenses against free radicals and peroxidates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 M. SimonojJ, C. Sergeant, N. Garnier, P. Moretto, Y. Llabador, G. Simonoff and C. Conri Antioxidant status (selenium, vitamins A and E) and aging. . . . 368 M. Eichholzer, H. B. Stiihetin and K. F. Gey Inverse correlation between essential antioxidants in plasma and subsequent risk to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease and stroke respectively: 12-year follow-up of the Prospective Basel Study................................................. 398 M. Meydani Vitamin E requirement in relation to dietary fish oil and oxidative stress in elderly ............................... 411 J. J. Strain and C. W. Mulholland Vitamin C and vitamin E - synergistic interactions in vivo? ... 419 ix A. Z. Reznick, E. H. Witt, M. Silbermann and L. Packer The threshold of age in exercise and antioxidants action . . . . . . 423 G. P. Deucher Antioxidant therapy in the aging process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Acknowledgements... . ... . .... .. ..... . .. ........ . . . ....... 438 Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Preface Many theories have been advanced to account for the process of aging. The argument that free radicals cause non-specific damage to macromolecules, such as DNA, lipids and proteins, has been called the free radical theory of aging. This theory proposed by D. Harman in 1956 has become quite persuasive in recent years due to developments in free radical biology. It is of practical interest, because it raises the possibility that the aging process could be influenced by interventions that modify free radical reactions. Since we are principally dealing with oxygen-derived free radicals, natural or synthetic antioxidants may have the power of retarding the aging process. The two major causes of death, atherosclerosis and cancer, are also related to increased oxygen radical production and can possibly be influenced by appropriate an tioxidant treatment. In our modern societies, average life expectancy now approaches a maximum of about 85 years. The risk of death drops after birth to a minimum figure around puberty and then rises almost exponentially at a standard rate so that few individuals reach 100 and none live beyond 115 years. Appropriate nutrition pr,pgrams aimed at decreasing morbid ity and mortality caused by degenerative diseases and non-specific age changes, and - if necessary - antioxidant supplements, should extend the span of healthy, productive life. It is indeed the primary objective of aging research to improve the quality of life and not simply extend it. This means that years can be added during which not only the individ uals, but also society would benefit of the skills gained over a lifetime. This volume assembles a selection of articles which have been criti cally refereed and whose authors were requested to write their respective contribution in the style of a small review. The carefully chosen group of authors who agreed to contribute to this volume emerged from the conference "Free Radicals and Aging" which took place in Paris at the end of September 1991 under the auspices of the Society for Free Radical Research, the University of Paris VI and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. The Editors

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Among the various theories proposed to account for the process of aging, the free radical theory is of practical interest since it includes the possibility of retarding this process by administrating natural or synthetic antioxidants and free radical scavengers. The book "Free Radicals and Aging" su
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