France: From the Cold War to the New World Order PDF
Preview France: From the Cold War to the New World Order
FRANCE: From the Cold War to the New World Order Also by Tony Chqfer MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY FRANCE (co-editor) Also by Brian Jenkins MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY FRANCE (co-editor) NATIONALISM IN FRANCE: Class and Nation since 1789 France From the Cold War to the New World Order Edited by Tony Chafer Principal Lecturer in French Studies University of Portsmouth and Brian Jenkins Professor of French Area Studies University of Portsmouth First published in Great Britain 1996 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-24326-6 ISBN 978-1-349-24324-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-24324-2 First published in the United St ates of America 1996 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth A venue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-12588-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data France: from the Cold War to the new world order I edited by Tony Chafer and Brian Jenkins. p. em. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-312-12588-2 (cloth) I. France-Politics and govemment-1981- 2. Cold War. 3. Peaceful change (International relations) 4. European Union -France. 5. National security·-France. 6. Nationalism-France. 7. Post-communism-France. I. Chafer, Tony. II. Jenkins, Brian, 1944- . DC423.F724 1996 944.083'9-dc20 95-31041 CIP Selection and editorial matter© A. D. Chafer and B. J. Jenkins 1996 Text © Macmillan Press Ltd 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written pennission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Totten ham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 Contents List qf Abbreviations vii Notes on the Contributors IX Introduction Brian Jenkins and Tony Chafer SECTION 1 FOREIGN RELATIONS France and European Security 1944-94: Re-reading the Gaullist 'Consensus' 17 Jolyon Howorth 2 French Intellectuals, Neutralism and the Search for Peace in the Cold War 39 Martyn Cornick 3 The Franco-German Axis since Unification 53 Jean-Marc Trouille 4 The Search for a New Security Strategy in a Shifting International Arena 65 Dominique David SECTION 2 DEFENCE AND SECURITY 5 Changing Circumstances, Changing Policies? The 1994 Defence White Paper and Beyond 79 Janet Bryant 6 Conscription Revisited 93 Paule Chicken 7 France, the Nuclear Weapons Test Moratorium and the NPT and CTBT Processes 104 Shaun Gregory v Vl Contents SECTION 3 THE ECONOMY AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER 8 The French Economy and the End of the Cold War 115 Cliff Gulvin 9 French Aid to Africa: A Changing Agenda? 126 Gordon Cumming 10 France and GATT: The Real Politics ofTrade Negotiations 137 David Hanley SECTION 4 POLITICS 11 The 'Consensus' on Defence Policy and the End of the Cold War: Political Parties and the Limits of Adaptation 155 Anand Menon 12 From the Cold War to the Present Day: Labour Unions and the Crisis of 'Models' 169 Guy Groux 13 Gaullism and the New World Order 181 Peter Fysh 14 The Front National and the New World Order 193 Paul Hainsworth SECTION 5 FRANCE, IMMIGRATION AND RELATIONS WITH THE MAGHREB 15 Immigration, Ethnicity and Political Orientations in France 207 Alec G. Hargreaves 16 Franco-Algerian Relations in the Post-Cold War World 219 Martin Evans Index 233 List of Abbreviations CAP Common Agricultural Policy CAR Central African Republic CDS Centre des Dcmocrates Sociaux CDU Christian Democratic Union (Germany) CGT Confederation Gcncrale du Travail CNJA Central National des Jeunes Agriculteurs COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CTBT Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe csu Christian Social Union CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy DGB Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (German Trade Union Federation) DOM-TOM France's Overseas Departments and Territories EDC European Defence Community EEC European Economic Community EMS European Monetary System ERM European Exchange-Rate Mechanism ETUC European Trades Union Confederation EU European Union FAR Forces d' Action Rapide FDI Foreign Direct Investment FFS Front des Forces Socialistes FIS Front lslamique du Salut (Islamic Salvation Front) FLN Front de Liberation Nationale FN Front National FNSEA Federation Nationale des Syndicats des Exploitants Agricoles FO Force Ouvriere GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDR German Democratic Republic GIA Groupe Islamique Armc IMF International Monetary Fund LDC Least Developed Countries VJI viii List rif Abbreviations LPM Loi de Programmation Militaire MNC Multinational Corporation MRG Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche MRP Mouvement Rcpublicain Populaire MSI Italian Social Movement NACC North Atlantic Coordination Council NAFTA North American Free Trade Area NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NPT Nuclear Weapons Non-Proliferation Treaty OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Devclopmen t a PALEN Preparation Ia Limitation des Essais Nucleaires PCF Parti Communiste Fran~ais PECO Pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale (Central and East European Countries) PFP Partnership for Peace PS Parti Socialiste PTBT Partial Test Ban Treaty RDR Rassemblement Dcmocratique Rcvolutionnaire RPR Rassemblement pour Ia Rcpublique SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks TEU Treaty on European Union UDF Union pour Ia Democratic Fran~aise UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development WEU Western European Union WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions YFMO Young Frenchmen of Maghreb Origin Notes on the Contributors Janet Bryant is Senior Lecturer in French Politics at the University of Portsmouth. She is currently researching in the area of contemporary French defence and security policy. Tony Chafer is Principal Lecturer in French Studies at the University of Portsmouth. He has published widely on French colonial history and relations with Black Africa, and is co-editor of Modern and Contemporary France and the Journal of Area Studies. Paule Chicken is Senior Lecturer in French Studies at the University of Birmingham. Her most recent publication is 'La province de Fran~ois Mitterrand: l'ccrivain au service de l'homme politique' in France: Nation and Regions (ed. M. Kelly and R. Bock, 1993). She is currently researching on Fran~ois Mitterrand, the author, politics, and the uses of literature. Martyn Cornick, of the Department of European Studies at Loughborough University, is an editor of Modern and Contemporary France. He has published widely on French intellectual history and Anglo-French relations. Gordon Cum.m.ing is Lecturer in French Studies in the School of European Studies, University of Wales. Dom.inique David is the official representative of the Director of the lnstitut Fran~ais des Relations Internationales (IFRI) and Professor at the Ecole Speciale Militaire at Saint-Cyr. Martin Evans is Lecturer in French Studies at the University of Portsmouth. He is currently researching on the relationship between France and its empire. Peter Fysh teaches French language and courses on history, society and politics in France and Spain at Nottingham Trent U ni versi ty. Shaun Gregory is Lecturer in Peace Studies at the University of Bradford. He has just completed Nuclear Command and Control in NATO 1952-1990 (Macmillan, 1995) and is presently researching IX
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