France: Empire and Republic, 1850–1940: Historical Documents

394 Pages·1968·38.764 MB·English

by  David Thomson (auth.)

France: Empire and Republic,
1850-1940
A volume
10
THE DOCUMENTARY HISTORY
of
WESTERN CIVILIZATION
FRANCE:
EMPIRE AND REPUBLIC,
1850-1940
Historical Documents
Selected and Introduced by
DAVID THOMSON
Palgrave Macmillan
1968
FRANCE: EMPIRE AND REPUBLIC, 1850-1940
Introduction, Preface, editorial notes,
bibliography, chronology, translations
by the editor, and compilation
Copyright© 1968 by David Thomson
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1968
First published in the United States 1968
First published in the United Kingdom by
Macmillan & Co 1968
Published by
MACMILLAN & CO LTD
Little Essex Street London w c 2
and also at Bombay Calcutta and Madras
Macmillan South Africa (Publishers) Pty Ltd Johannesburg
The Macmillan Company of Australia Pty Ltd Melbourne
ISBN 978-1-349-00580-2 ISBN 978-1-349-00578-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-00578-9
Contents
PREFACE xu
INTRODUCI'ION 1
CHRONOLOGY 24
PART 1: THE STATE AND ITS FOUNDATIONS
SEcriON A: EsTABLISHMENT OF THE SEcoND EMPIRE 31
1. "Napoleonic Ideas": Louis Napoleon (1839) 32
2. The Coup d'Etat of 1851: Due Albert de Broglie 36
3. The Coup d'Etat of 1851: Karl Marx (1852) 40
4. The Constitution of January 14, 1852 45
SEcriON B: EsTABLISHMENT oF THE THIRD REPUBLIC 52
§(a) The Republic of M. Thiers (1870-1873) 53
5. The Republic Proclaimed, September 4, 1870 54
6. Resolution of February 17, 1871 54
7. The Rivet Law, August 31, 1871 55
8. Law of March 13, 1873 55
9. Law of the Septennate, November 20, 1873 57
§(b) The Constitutional Laws (1875) 57
10. Law of February 25, 1875, relating to organization of
the Public Powers 58
11. Constitutional Law of July 16, 1875, on relations
between the Public Powers 59
12. Law of February 24, 1875, relating to organization of
the Senate 62
13. Organic Law of November 30, 1875, on the Election
of Deputies 63
§(c) The Royalist Debacle (1871-1879) 68
14. Royalist Manifesto, 1871 70
Vlll CONTENTS
15. President MacMahon to Jules Simon, May 16, 18 77 72
16. Leon Gambetta to Leonie Leon, May 16, 1877 7 3
I 7. Leon Gambetta to Arthur Ranc, August 20 , 18 77 74
18. President MacMahon to the Presidents of the
Chambers, December 14, 1877 76
19. President MacMahon to Jules Grevy, January 30, 1879 77
SECTION C: VOICES OF OPPOSITION 78
§(a) Voices of Opposition to the Second Empire 78
20. The Indispensable Freedoms: Adolphe Thiers,
January 11, 1864 79
21. The Belleville Manifesto: Leon Gambetta, 1869 82
22. Henri Rochefort on "The Deceased Older Parties,"
1868 84
§(b) Voices of Opposition to the Third Republic 85
23. General Boulanger's Address, 1889 87
24. Boulangism: Law of July 17, 1889, concerning multiple
candidatures 88
25. Regionalism: Program for the Municipal Elections,
1904 89
26. The Republic: Charles Peguy, 1910 92
27. Action fran9aise: Membership Oath 94
28. Action fran9aise: Decree of the Holy Office con
demning certain works of Charles Maurras and the
"Action fran9aise"-January 29, 1914, and December
29, 1926 94
SECTION D: ADMINISTRATION 97
29. Law dealing with reorganization of the Council of
State, May 24, 1872 98
30. The Prefect at Work: Paul Cambon, 1876-1880 103
31. Law on the Liberty of the Press of July 29, 1881 107
32. The Mayor at Work: Edouard Herriot at Lyons,
1905-1912 110
PART II: THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
SEcTioN A: RuRAL FRANCE 117
33. The Agricultural Enquiry of 1866: Granier de Cas-
sagnac 119
CONTENTS lX
34. The Ministry of Agriculture: Leon Gambetta to the
President of the Republic, November 14, 1881 120
35. Decree setting up the Ministry of Agriculture, No-
vember 14, 1881 122
36. The Syndical Society of Jevoncourt, June 22, 1884 122
37. Visits to Peasants in Central France, 1907-1934:
Daniel Halevy 127
SECTION B: FisCAL PoLicY 141
38. The Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce, January 23,
1860 143
39. The Case for Protection: Jules Meline, 1891 150
40. Defense of the Franc: Raymond Poincare, 1926 151
SECTION C: CAPITALIST ENTERPRISE 154
41. The lronmasters' Trust, 1887 154
42. Chambers of Commerce: Law of April9, 1898 158
43. The Bank of France: Law of July 24, 1936 160
SECTION D: TRADE UNIONS 163
§(a) The Law of Associations
44. Law of May 25, 1864, modifying the Penal Code 165
45. Law of March 21, 1884, concerning the formation of
occupational syndicats 165
46. Law concerning Contract of Association, July 1, 1901 167
§(b) Trade Union Movements and Ideas
4 7. The Charter of Ami ens, 1906 171
48. Revolutionary Syndicalism: Georges Sorel, 1908 172
49. The Matignon Agreement, June 7, 1936 177
PART Ill: CONFLICTS WITHIN SOCIETY
SEcTION A: THE PARis CoMMUNE, 1871 182
50. How the Uprising Began: Georges Clemenceau,
March 18, 1871 182
51. The Testament of the Commune, April19, 1871 186
52. Co'l1'l'l1ntnards and Communists: Karl Marx, 1871 187
53. A Co'l1'l'flnlnard Looks Back: Lissagaray, 1896 199
SECTION B: ANTIMILITARISM 201
§(a) The Nation in Arms 201
X CONTENTS
54. Appeal for a National War: Leon Gambetta, October
9, 1870 204
55. The Barracks: Urbain Gohier, 1899 205
56. The New Army: Jean Jaures, 1911 208
57. Technological Warfare: Charles de Gaulle, 1934 213
§(b) TheDreyfusAffair 216
58. The "Bordereau," 1894 218
59. "]'Accuse": Emile Zola, January 13, 1898 219
60. The Dreyfus Case: Charles Peguy, 1910 220
61. "Penguin Island": Anatole F ranee, 1908 2 25
SECTION C: ANTICLERICALISM 227
§(a) The Struggle for the Schools 227
62. Education for an Elite: Ernest Renan, 1871 229
63. Moral Education: The Program 235
64. Decree authorizing the Bishop of Vannes to set up a
Church Secondary School, 1.881 239
65. The Teachers Speak 239
§(b) Church and State 24 3
66. The Ralliement: Toast of Cardinal Lavigerie, No-
vember 12, 1890 245
67. Law of December 9, 1905, concerning the separation
of the Churches and the State 246
68. Separation of Church and State: Aristide Briand, No-
vember 7, 1906 261
SECTION D: RIGHT AND LEFT 262
§(a) Social Nationalism 262
69. National Spirit in Decline: Ernest Renan, 1871 263
70. Integral Nationalism: The Nancy Program, Maurice
Barres, 1898 268
§(b) Radicals and Socialists 2 7 3
71. Declaration of the Republican Radical and Radical-
Socialist Party: Camille Pelletan, June 2 3, 1901 2 7 5
72. Program of the Radical-Socialist Party, Nancy, 1907 278
73. Socialists United, Paris, 1905 283
74. Social Legislation Before 1914 285
CONTENTS n
§ (c) Communist Cleavage 286
75. The Twenty-One Conditions of Communism, August
1920 288
76. The Popular Front Program, 1936 293
77. The Plot of the Hooded Men, 1937 296
78. The National Revolution at Vichy, 1940 297
PART IV: EXTERNAL RELATIONS
SEcTioN A: CoLONIAL RELATIONS 305
79. The White Fathers: Cardinal Lavigerie, October 29,
1874 305
80. Colonialism and Industrial Growth: Jules Ferry, 1890 307
81. Lyautey in Morocco, 1913 310
82. Colonial Defense in 1939: Admiral Decoux ( 1949) 315
SEcTION B: FoREIGN RELATIONS 319
§(a) Before1919 319
83. The Pact of Plombieres, July 21, 1858 319
84. American in Paris, 1869 326
85. The Treaty of Frankfurt, May 10, 1871 328
86. The Resignation of Delcasse, June 6, 1905 335
87. Armistice, 1918: Georges Clemenceau 339
§(b) Security and Disarmament, 1919-1939 347
88. Political Agreement of France and Poland, February
19, 1921 348
89. Memorandum on Disarmament, July 15, 1931 349
90. Manifesto of the Intellectuals, October 4, 1935 354
§(c) Envoi 357
91. The Franco-German Armistice, June 1940 357
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 365
INDEX 369