France and Algeria A History of Decolonization and Transformation Phillip C. Naylor Notes to Pages 000–000 | i France and Algeria Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee University of Central Florida, Orlando University of Florida, Gainesville University of North Florida, Jacksonville University of South Florida, Tampa University of West Florida, Pensacola France and Algeria A History of Decolonization and Transformation Phillip C. Naylor University Press of Florida Gainesville ·Tallahassee ·Tampa ·Boca Raton Pensacola ·Orlando ·Miami ·Jacksonville ·Ft. Myers Copyright 2000 by the Board of Regents of the State of Florida Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper All rights reserved 05 04 03 02 01 00 6 5 4 3 2 1 Excerpts from Songs of the F.L.N., copyright Folkways Records, Album No. FD 5441, copyright 1962. Reprinted with permission. Excerpt from “Some Kinda Love” by Lou Reed, copyright 1991 Metal Machine Music, Inc., appeared in Between Thought and Expression: Selected Lyrics of Lou Reed, published by Hyperion. For information contact Hyperion, 114 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10011. Reprinted with permission. ISBN 0-8130-1801-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available. The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International University, Florida State University, University of Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida, University of South Florida, and University of West Florida. University Press of Florida 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611-2079 http://www.upf.com To my parents, Alexander Chiviges and Sappho Dereby Relations between France and Algeria cannot be so simple or indifferent. Michel Jobert Relations between Algeria and France are always important. When they are bad, they are important. When they are good, they are also important. Abdelaziz Bouteflika Contents List of Maps and Tables xi Preface xiii Abbreviations xvii Prologue 1 1.French-Algerian Colonial Relations, 1830–1958 5 2.The Political Decolonization of Algeria and the Evian Accords, 1958–1962 23 3.Independence with Interdependence, 1962–1965 47 4.The Decline and Demise of Privileged Cooperation, 1965–1971 74 5.Turning the Page, 1972–1980 101 6.Redressing the Relationship, 1981–1988 136 7.Algeria’s “Second Revolution” and France, 1988–1992: From the October Riots to the Fitna 164 8.The Fitna, 1992–1994: From the Annulment of the Parliamentary Elections to the Air France Hijacking 189 9.The Fitna, 1995–1998: From the Sant’Egidio Agreement 216 10. Mirrors and Mirages, 1958–1998: Reflections, Refractions, and Representations 252 11. Conclusion 286 Notes 291 Selected Bibliography 389 Index 429