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Fragments of Fixpoint Logics. Automata and Expressiveness [PhD Thesis] PDF

270 Pages·2015·2.061 MB·English
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Fragments of Fixpoint Logics Automata and Expressiveness Facundo Matías Carreiro Fragments of Fixpoint Logics Automata and Expressiveness ILLC Dissertation Series DS-2015-05 For further information about ILLC-publications, please contact Institute for Logic, Language and Computation Universiteit van Amsterdam Science Park 107 1098 XG Amsterdam phone: +31-20-525 6051 e-mail: [email protected] homepage: http://www.illc.uva.nl/ Copyright c 2015 by Facundo Matías Carreiro (cid:13) Cover design by Facundo Matías Carreiro. Printed and bound by GVO drukkers & vormgevers B.V. ISBN: 978-90-6464-919-6 Fragments of Fixpoint Logics Automata and Expressiveness Academisch Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit op vrijdag 11 december 2015, te 11.00 uur door Facundo Matías Carreiro geboren te Buenos Aires, Argentinië. Promotor: Prof.dr. Y. Venema Universiteit van Amsterdam Overige leden: Prof.dr. J.F.A.K. van Benthem Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof.dr. D.J.N. van Eijck Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof.dr. M. Otto TU Darmstadt Prof.dr. I. Walukiewicz Université de Bordeaux Dr. A. Facchini IDSIA Dr. M.J. Marx Universiteit van Amsterdam Faculteit der Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Informatica Para los abuelos Tinos, ejemplo de valores, coraje y perseverancia. v Contents Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Featuring logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 Fragments of fixpoint logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3 Logic and automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.4 Expressiveness modulo bisimilarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.5 Source of the material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2 Preliminaries 23 2.1 Terminology, transition systems and trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2 Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.3 Parity automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.4 The modal µ-calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.5 Logics of programs and games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.5.1 Propositional Dynamic Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.5.2 Concurrent PDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.5.3 Game Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.6 Bisimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.7 First-order logic and extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.7.1 First-order logic with generalized quantifiers . . . . . . . . 37 2.7.2 Fixpoint extension of first-order logic . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.7.3 First-order logic with transitive closure . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.8 Second-order logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.9 Notational convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3 Fragments of fixpoint logics 43 3.1 Completely additive fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.1.1 Fixpoint theory of completely additive maps . . . . . . . . 47 vii 3.1.2 Characterization of PDL inside µML . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.1.3 Characterization of FO(TC1) inside FO(LFP1) . . . . . . . 61 3.2 Continuous fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 3.2.1 Fixpoint theory of continuous maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3.2.2 Characterization of CPDL inside µML . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.2.3 Finiteness, µ FOE and WMSO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 c ∞ 3.3 The question of Game Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 3.4 Conclusions and open problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4 Subclasses of parity automata 85 4.1 Weak parity automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4.2 Continuous-weak parity automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 4.3 Additive-weak parity automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 4.4 Partial unraveling of parity automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4.5 Variants of parity automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4.6 Conclusions and open problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5 One-step model theory 97 5.1 Single-sorted first-order languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 5.1.1 Normal forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5.1.2 One-step monotonicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 5.1.3 One-step continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 5.1.4 One-step additivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 5.1.5 Dual fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 5.2 Selected multi-sorted first-order languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 5.2.1 Normal forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 5.2.2 One-step monotonicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 5.2.3 One-step additivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 5.2.4 One-step multiplicativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 5.3 Selected modal languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 5.3.1 Normal forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 5.3.2 One-step monotonicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 5.3.3 One-step continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 5.3.4 One-step additivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 5.3.5 Dual fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 5.4 Effectiveness of the normal forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 5.5 Conclusions and open problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 6 Concrete modal automata 149 6.1 Automata for test-free PDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 6.1.1 From formulas to automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 6.1.2 From automata to formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 6.2 Automata for PDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 viii

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