Table of Contents GARDENER’S SUPPLY BOOKS Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Foreword PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION PREFACE TO THE ORIGINAL EDITION Introduction CHAPTER 1 - PRESENTING THE FOUR-SEASON HARVEST CHAPTER 2 - GETTING STARTED The Ever-Productive Garden The Inviting Garden The Spacious Garden The Guilt-Free Garden The Organic Garden CHAPTER 3 - THE LIVING SOIL: COMPOST Compost Ingredients Building the Compost Heap Heap Dynamics Compost Bins Autumn Leaves and Animal Manure How Do You Know When It’s Ready? Finding More Ingredients Using Compost Mineral Amendments CHAPTER 4 - THE OUTDOOR GARDEN: PLANNING AND PREPARING Preparing the Garden Site Garden Microclimate Planning the Home Garden Garden Soil Structure Soil Aeration Crop Rotation Green Manures CHAPTER 5 - SEEDS FOR FOUR SEASONS Where Seeds Are Born CHAPTER 6 - THE OUTDOOR GARDEN: PLANTING AND CULTIVATING Sowing Seeds Transplanting Trellised Crops Weeds CHAPTER 7 - GARDEN HELPERS PART I : THE TOP PART 2: THE BOTTOM Raising Ducklings in the Palace French Ducks CHAPTER 8 - ENVISIONING THE WINTER GARDEN The Winter Garden in France Adapting to Nature The Quality of the Winter Harvest CHAPTER 9 - THE COVERED GARDEN: COLD FRAMES The Magic Box How the Cold Frame Works Building the Cold Frame The Cold Frame Box The Cold Frame Light Other Options Managing the Cold Frame Winter Cold Frame Crops Watering Direct Sowing versus Transplanting Starting Plants Winter Harvest Coping with Snow Cold Frames Redux CHAPTER 10 - THE COVERED GARDEN: GREENHOUSES AND HIGH TUNNELS The Protected Microclimate Evaluating the Twice-Tempered Climate Constructing the High Tunnel Putting on the Plastic Avoiding Greenhouse Problems The Convertible Greenhouse The Mobile Greenhouse Building the Backyard Mobile Tunnel Building the Ends Door Details The Mobile Greenhouse in Action Mobile Greenhouse Potential Harvesting the Winter Garden Pests Mediterranean Tunnels The Starter Greenhouse Coping with Snow The Complete Winter Garden Envisioning the Future CHAPTER 11 - THE UNDERGROUND GARDEN: ROOT CROPS, ROOT CELLARS, AND INDOOR HARVESTING Creating a Root Cellar Controlling the Temperature Controlling the Humidity Keeping the Root Cellar Dark Storage Containers Other Stored Crops Really Dry Storage The Indoor Garden Growing Belgian Endive Forcing Winter Greenery Historical Vegetables CHAPTER 12 - THE NATURAL GARDEN: PLANTS AND PESTS Protecting Plants: The Reactive Approach The Preventive Approach The Balanced Garden APPENDIX A - THE CAST OF CHARACTERS APPENDIX B - CLIMATE RESOURCES APPENDIX C - DO WE REALLY WANT TO USE PLASTIC? APPENDIX D - GARDEN TOOLS AND SUPPLIES AND THEIR SOURCES ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX The First-Ever CHELSEA GREEN GARDENER’S SUPPLY BOOKS Eliot Coleman, The New Organic Grower: A Master’s Manual of Tools and Techniques for the Home and Market Gardener Leandre Poisson and GretchenVogel Poisson, Solar Gardening: Growing Vegetables Year-Round the American Intensive Way Lynn Byczynski, The Flower Farmer: An Organic Grower’s Guide to Raising and Selling Cut Flowers Katherine LaLiberté and Ben Watson, Passport To Gardening: A Sourcebook for the 21st-Century Gardener Shep Ogden, Straight-Ahead Organic: A Step-by-Step Guide to Growing Great Vegetables in a Less than Perfect World Eliot Coleman, Four-Season Harvest: How to Harvest Fresh Organic Vegetables from Your Home Garden All Year Long, revised edition GARDENER’S SUPPLY COMPANY was founded in 1983 in Burlington, Vermont, to make available innovative tools and equipment that would bring the joys and rewards of gardening to as many people as possible. Gardener’s Supply serves gardeners of all interests and abilities with seasonal catalogs that offer earth-friendly methods for growing plants in all climate zones and seasons. Seasonal specialty catalogs, a retail store and the renowned community and demonstration gardens in Burlington’s “Intervale,” and a complete line of high- performance home greenhouses combine to make Gardener’s Supply “America’s Gardening Resource.” To further its mission as the leading source of new ideas and information for gardeners, Gardener’s Supply has joined Chelsea Green Publishing Company to co-create and co-publish a series of gardening books.The books in this series are written by pioneering individuals who have firsthand experience in using innovative, ecological techniques to grow healthy food and flowers that enhance our lives—and the well-being of Earth. Stephen Morris Will Raap President, Chelsea Green President, Gardener’s Supply Text copyright 1992, 1999 Eliot Coleman. All rights reserved. Illustrations copyright 1992, 1999 Kathy Bray. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise noted, photographs copyright 1999, Barbara Damrosch. All rights reserved. Designed by Ann Aspell. No part of this book may be transmitted or reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Send written requests for reprint permissions to Chelsea Green Publishing Company, P.O. Box 428, White River Junction, VT 05001, or send a fax to (802) 295-6444. Printed in the United States of America. 030201 345 First printing, September 1999 Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Coleman, Eliot, 1938- Four-season harvest: how to harvest fresh organic vegetables from your home garden all year long / Eliot Coleman; illustrations by Kathy Bray; and photographs by Barbara Damrosch.—Rev. ed of: The new organic grower’s four-season harvest. c1992. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 1-890132-27-6 1. Vegetable gardening. 2. Organic gardening. I. Title. II. Title: Four-season harvest. SB324.3.C64 1999 635.0484dc21 99013209 CHELSEA GREEN PUBLISHING COMPANY P.O. Box 428 White River Junction, Vermont 05001 telephone (800) 639-4099 www.chelseagreen.com