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Foundations of Semantic Web technologies PDF

456 Pages·2010·3.3 MB·English
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CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC TEXTBOOKS IN COMPUTING Series Editors John Impagliazzo Andrew McGettrick ICT Endowed Chair Department of Computer Computer Science and Engineering and Information Sciences Qatar University University of Strathclyde Professor Emeritus, Hofstra University Aims and Scope This series covers traditional areas of computing, as well as related technical areas, such as software engineering, artificial intelligence, computer engineering, information systems, and information technology. The series will accommodate textbooks for undergraduate and gradu- ate students, generally adhering to worldwide curriculum standards from professional societ- ies. The editors wish to encourage new and imaginative ideas and proposals, and are keen to help and encourage new authors. The editors welcome proposals that: provide groundbreaking and imaginative perspectives on aspects of computing; present topics in a new and exciting context; open up opportunities for emerging areas, such as multi-media, security, and mobile systems; capture new developments and applications in emerging fields of computing; and address topics that provide support for computing, such as mathematics, statistics, life and physical sciences, and business. Published Titles Pascal Hitzler, Markus Krötzsch, and Sebastian Rudolph, Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies Forthcoming Titles Uvais Qidwai and C.H. Chen, Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach with MATLAB® Chapman & Hall/CRC TEXTBOOKS IN COMPUTING W3C Semantic Web Logo http://www.w3.org/2007/10/sw-logos.html Used with Permission. Copyright (c) 2008. World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, European Research Consor- tium for Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights reserved. http://www.w3.org/Consortium/ Legal/2002/copyright-documents-20021231  Chapman & Hall/CRC Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Chapman & Hall/CRC is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4200-9050-5 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit- ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright. com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Hitzler, Pascal. Foundations of Semantic Web technologies / Pascal Hitzler, Sebastian Rudolph, Markus Krötzsch. p. cm. -- (Chapman & Hall/CRC textbooks in computing) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4200-9050-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Semantic Web. I. Rudolph, Sebastian, Dr. II. Krötzsch, Markus. III. Title. TK5105.88815.H57 2009 025.042’7--dc22 2009024576 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com To Anja, Anne, and Conny ... and to Merula About the Authors The authors of this book currently work at AIFB, University of Karlsruhe, Germany. They are acknowledged researchers in the area of semantic tech- nologies and related fields, witnessed by notable publication records as well as program committee and editorial board memberships of international con- ferences, journals, and book series. Their comprehensive teaching activities includeuniversitylectures, summerschoolcourses, and tutorials athigh-level conferences. All three authors contributed to the OWL 2 standard as partic- ipants of the OWL working group of the World Wide Web Consortium. PD Dr. Pascal Hitzler is currently assistant professor at AIFB and will jointheKno.e.sisCenteratWrightStateUniversity,Dayton,Ohio,inSeptem- ber 2009 as faculty member. He obtained his PhD in mathematics from the National University of Ireland, University College Cork, in 2001. From 2001 to 2004 he was a postdoctoral researcher at the Artificial Intelligence Insti- tute of Dresden University of Technology, Germany. In 2003, he spent three months as research associate at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. His diverse research interests span Semantic Web, knowledge represen- tation and reasoning, neural-symbolic integration and formal foundations of computerscience. Heiseditor-in-chiefoftheIOSPressbookseriesStudieson the Semantic Web. For more information, see http://www.pascal-hitzler.de/. M.Sc. Markus Krötzsch is a researcher at AIFB where he is also work- ing on his PhD thesis. He received his Master of Science at the International CenterforComputationalLogicatDresdenUniversityofTechnologyin2005. His research is focused on knowledge representation on the Semantic Web, its practical applications, and its algorithmic and logical foundations. He is theleaddeveloperofthehighlysuccessfulSemanticWebapplicationplatform Semantic MediaWiki,andmaintainerofthesemanticweb.org communitypor- tal. BeforehisworkonOWL2,heparticipatedintheW3CRuleInterchange Format (RIF) working group. For more information, see http://korrekt.org/. Dr. Sebastian Rudolph is assistant professor at AIFB. He obtained his PhD in mathematics at the Institute for Algebra at Dresden University of Technology in 2006. His active research interests include algebra, complexity theory, logic, machine learning, optimization, database theory, and compu- tational linguistics. In 2009, he stayed as visiting researcher at the Oxford UniversityComputingLaboratorywherehecollaboratedwiththeInformation Systems group. Besides his academic work, he is a semiprofessional classical singer. For more information, see http://sebastian-rudolph.de/. Foreword Metadata and semantics for information search, integration and analysis has been practiced for three decades. Conceptual modeling and knowledge representation that enable rich description of information, and when needed associated reasoning, have been with us for a while too. But as the Web broughtmuchlargervariety(heterogeneity)andsizewithit, comingtogether ofthesemantics, theWebtechnologiesandallthedatathatgoeswithit, was inevitable. Nearly a decade after Tim Berners-Lee coined the term Seman- tic Web, it has transformed into a growing, important, and well recognized interdisciplinary area of Computer Science. W3C’s effort has led to widely adoptedlanguagestandards,whichhascontributedtothedevelopmentofSe- mantic Technologies for the Web of data, and a host of new and established companies are innovating tools, applications, products and services based on these standards and technologies at a rapid pace. With three key conferences focusedonthistopic,includingtheflagshipInternationalSemanticWebCon- ference, as well as at least 20 other conferences offering Semantic Web as a significant subarea of interest, the Semantic Web is a topic that is here to stay. I started teaching a graduate course on Semantic Web in 2001 and have continued to offer it annually since. All these times, I used a series of papers and presentations as my course material. An important reason was that the fieldwasrapidlygrowingandevolving,andwhatItaughtjustlastyearseemed outdated the next time around. There have been a number of books with Semantic Web in the title but most of them have been a collection of articles orpaperswithlimitedattentiontowhatonemightcallthedisciplinecore. A couple of other books offered as textbooks have largely focused on languages and syntax, rather than foundations. As Semantic Web is rapidly entering curricula at universities and other educational institutions worldwide, there is an increasing need for excellent textbooks which can be used as a basis for courses and self-study. I am pleased to introduce this book – Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies – to address this need. It might just fit my own need to cover the fundamental and core part of my course which I might complement with more applied and interdisciplinary aspects such as those requiring use of NLP, learning, statistics and database technologies. Thisbookisuniqueinseveralrespects. Itcontainsanin-depthtreatmentof all the major foundational languages for the Semantic Web and in particular provides a full treatment of the underlying formal semantics, which is central to the Semantic Web effort. It is also the very first textbook which addresses

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