Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments

550 Pages·2017·21.784 MB·English

by  M. Cay Holbrook, Tessa S. McCarthy, and Cheryl Kamei-Hannan

FOUNDATIONS
OF EDUCATION
THIRD EDITION
Volume I
HISTORY and THEORY OF TEACHING
CHILDREN and YOUTHS WITH
VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
M. CAY HOLBROOK
.de TESSA McCARTHY
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r sth CHERYL KAMEI- HANNAN
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.sse Editors
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Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
Foundations of Education, Third Edition, Volume I: History and Theory of Teaching C hildren and Youths with Vi-
sual Impairments, is copyright © 2017 by AFB Press, American Foundation for the Blind, 2 Penn Plaza, Suite
1102, New York, NY 10121. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by
any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copy-
right Act, or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to
AFB Press, American Foundation for the Blind, 2 Penn Plaza, Suite 1102, New York, NY 10121.
Printed in the United States of Amer i ca
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Holbrook, M. Cay, 1955– editor. | McCarthy, Tessa, editor. | Kamei- Hannan,
Cheryl, 1973– editor.
Title: Foundations of education / M. Cay Holbrook, Tessa McCarthy, and Cheryl Kamei- Hannan,
editors ; Kim T. Zebehazy, multimedia editor.
Other titles: History and theory of teaching children and youths with visual impairments. |
Instructional strategies for teaching c hildren and youths with visual impairments.
Description: Third edition. | New York, NY : AFB Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references
and index. Contents: Volume I. History and theory of teaching children and youths with visual
impairments— Volume II. Instructional strategies for teaching c hildren and youths with visual
impairments.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016044181 (print) | LCCN 2017000553 (ebook) | ISBN 9780891286950
(vol. 1 : hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780891286967 (vol. 2 : hardcover : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9780891287698 (online subscription) | ISBN 9780891287728 (online subscription) |
ISBN 9780891287704 (vol. 1 : epub) | ISBN 9780891287735 (vol. 2 : epub) | ISBN 9780891287711
(vol. 1 : mobi) | ISBN 9780891287742 (vol. 2 : mobi) | ISBN 9780891287704 (epub) |
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e ISBN 9780891287711 (mobi)
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se Subjects: LCSH: People with visual disabilities— Education. | Children with visual disabilities—
r sthg Education.
ir llA Classification: LCC HV1626 .F65 2017 (print) | LCC HV1626 (ebook) | DDC 371.91/1—dc23
.sse LC rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2016044181
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t rof n The supplemental web- based AFB Learning Center video clips from the Library of Video Excerpts for
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free paper that meets the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity symbol that appears above indicates that
the paper in this printing meets that standard.
Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
We dedicate Volume 1 of Foundations of Education to the
memory of Geraldine Scholl and Alan J. Koenig in honor of their
forward- thinking commitment to preparing teachers of the highest
quality to work with c hildren and youths who are blind or visually
impaired. Based on their guidance, we have created a resource that
is grounded in our history and informed by a rich theoretical base.
Dr. Scholl edited the first edition of this textbook at a time when
written documentation for preparing teachers of students with
visual impairments was just beginning to be collected. Dr. Koenig
coedited the second edition and conceptualized the two- volume
format that remains a cornerstone of the current text.
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Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
I M P O R T A N T N O T I C E
Dear reader of Foundations of Education, Third Edition,
The American Foundation for the Blind has developed an online learning center to accompany this
book and supplement the material contained within these pages. Access to the AFB Learning Center is
complimentary for purchasers of the book, but registration is required.
The AFB Learning Center for Foundations of Education, Third Edition, contains short videos, courtesy of
Ellen Trief and Hunter College, which enhance the written content by demonstrating teaching tech-
niques. The Learning Center also includes audio introductions by chapter authors, chapter overview
pre sen ta tions, downloadable assessment forms and checklists, chapter appendixes, resource lists,
learning activities, and more. If you purchased an online subscription of this book, you will be able to
access the full text through the Learning Center as well.
Registration for the AFB Learning Center is fast and simple. Just follow these steps:
• Go to www. afb . org / FOE3Register
• Complete the short registration form by entering your name and e- mail address, creating a user-
name and password, and entering the code FOE3.
• Submit the form.
To access the AFB Learning Center once you have registered, go to www . afb . org / FOE3. Choose the link
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r sth If you experience technical prob lems or have any questions, contact AFB at afbpress@afb . net.
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Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
C O N T E N T S
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii
ABOUTTHECONTRIBUTORS ix
INTRODUCTION xvii
PART ONE History and Theory
CHAPTER 1 Historical Perspectives  3
Susan J. Spungin and Kathleen M. Huebner
CHAPTER 2 Visual Impairment: Terminology, Demographics, Society  50
Missy Garber and Kathleen M. Huebner
CHAPTER 3 The Visual System  73
Bill Takeshita and Kelly Lusk
CHAPTER 4 Growth and Development of Young  Children  114
Kay Alicyn Ferrell and Catherine A. Smyth
CHAPTER 5 Growth and Development in  Middle Childhood and Adolescence  146
Karen E. Wolffe
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r sth Cynthia S. Bachofer
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rP Rosanne K. Silberman
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Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
vi Contents
PART TWO Connecting to the Broader Context
CHAPTER 11 Applying General Education Theory to Visual Impairment  347
Dawn L. Anderson and Robert Wall Emerson
CHAPTER 12 Motivation  361
Allison Cloth, Mary G. Turri, and Catherine Archambault
CHAPTER 13 Augmentative and Alternative Communication  376
Pat Mirenda and Ellen Trief
CHAPTER 14 Consultation and Collaboration  386
Ya- Chih Chang, Cheryl Kamei-H annan, Kevin E. O’Connor, and Nancy Toelle
CHAPTER 15 The Changing Landscapes of Rural Education  400
Linda Farr Darling
CHAPTER 16 Tiered Models of Behavioral and Instructional Support  413
Kathleen Lynne Lane, Wendy Peia Oakes, and Caryn E. Butler
CHAPTER 17 Reading and Interpreting Research  427
Tessa McCarthy and Robert Wall Emerson
CHAPTER 18 Transition Planning for Young Adults with Disabilities  441
Gary Meers and Sally L. Giittinger
CHAPTER 19 Prob lem Solving and Critical Thinking  456
Kim T. Zebehazy and Rachel C. Weber
CHAPTER 20 Social and Emotional Learning: Recent Research and 
Practical Strategies for Educators  471
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Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S
The acknowl edgments page in a textbook is meant students with whom we work. As one chapter
to be a space where the authors or editors can author expressed it, “I’m excited to be writing this
express their appreciation to specific people who chapter because I believe that students with vi-
have made a contribution to the completion of sual impairments deserve to receive instruction
the text. Before we single out individuals, we from well- prepared teachers who can guide their
would like to express our gratitude to the larger students’ academic achievement and support the
community of scholars who contributed in a va- integration of skills included in the expanded
riety of ways to this major proj ect. In this two- core curriculum.”
volume series, a multitude of respected scholars’ During the early planning stages of this text,
voices are heard. Some have passed on, some have the editors and publisher w ere keenly aware of
.d retired, but all would have eagerly promoted or the historical significance of this textbook, which
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r sth of education for students with visual impairments. grams for the past 30 years. Some chapter authors
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ir llA We would like to acknowledge the authors’ re- from the previous edition of Foundations of Edu-
.sse search and innovation seen in each of the chapters. cation have retired or passed on in the intervening
rP d The field of education for students with vi- years since its publication, and others are nearing
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t ro require extensive contributions of time and fi- continuity of this edition and f uture editions, a
f no nancial resources. We realize that for many people concerted effort was made to partner seasoned
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irypo the commitment to high- quality instruction, as original authors embraced this model of sustain-
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well as re spect and high expectations for the ability and provided guidance and mentorship
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Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
viii Ac know ledg ments
to their coauthors. This collaboration will also who supported the proj ect in its early stages and
support ongoing publications outside this text who have since retired.
and in other impor tant forums. We would like to express our sincere appre-
We would like to extend our deepest appre- ciation to those who peer reviewed the chapters
ciation to Kim Zebehazy, who worked tirelessly in this book and those who provided technical
to produce and assem ble all of the essential on- expertise on specific chapters. These reviewers
line multimedia components made available in are mostly anonymous and will not be named
the AFB Learning Center. We hope these sup- here, but they contributed to the quality of the
plemental resources will provide impor tant in- chapters by providing valuable feedback to the
formation for teachers of students with visual authors throughout the development of the text.
impairments to take back with them to their Fi nally, if a picture is worth a thousand words,
classrooms, and Kim’s contributions to this goal then a video must be worth ten thousand! We
have been invaluable. would like to give special thanks to Ellen Trief and
We would be remiss, however, if we did not Hunter College for the video clips used through-
also use this space to acknowledge the major con- out the text. They w ere created for the Library of
tributions of some specific individuals. First, it Video Excerpts for Teaching Students Who Are
would not have been pos si ble to complete this Blind and Visually Impaired (L.O.V.E.), funded
proj ect without the support of the editorial team by the Lavelle Fund for the Blind. We would also
at AFB Press. George Abbott was the perfect like to thank Jim Lengel for editing the videos.
combination of task master and cheerleader. El- The editors appreciate this generosity and believe
len Bilofsky provided supportive leadership and that the use of these clips w ill enhance the learn-
guidance throughout our work, kept us on track, ing experience of professionals and future edu-
and attended to details that we would never have cators of students with visual impairments. In
considered. Alina Vayntrub provided consistent addition, the book was enhanced by the photo-
support and editorial feedback, strong orga niza- graphs taken and shared by several individuals.
tional skills, and a knack for logistics. Jenese We appreciate t hose who provided photo graphs
.d Croasdale- Griffiths worked diligently on organ iz- and those who allowed their images to be in-
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r sth for over 70 authors, and Beatrice Jacinto worked
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.sse would also like to acknowledge the web team at University of British Columbia
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f no and create something new and exciting— the AFB University of Pittsburgh
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Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
A B O U T T H E C O N T R I B U T O R S
2002 C. Warren Bledsoe Award from the Associ-
EDITORS
ation for Education and Rehabilitation of the
Blind and Visually Impaired, as well as the re-
M. Cay Holbrook, PhD, is Visual Impairment cipient of the 2009 Distinguished Ser vice Award
Program Coordinator, Deputy Department Head, from the Division on Visual Impairments and
and Professor in the Department of Educational Deafblindness of the Council for Exceptional
and Counselling Psy chol ogy, and Special Educa- Children.
tion, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
Tessa McCarthy, PhD, is Assistant Professor in
Canada. Dr. Holbrook is the editor of Children
the Department of Instruction and Learning in
with Visual Impairments: A Parents’ Guide; coeditor
the Vision Studies Program, School of Education,
.d of the second edition of Foundations of Education;
e at the University of Pittsburgh and a con sul tant
vre coauthor of Experiencing Literacy: A Parents’ Guide
se for the American Printing House for the Blind.
r sthg for Fostering Early Literacy Development of C hildren Dr. McCarthy is an experienced instructor and
ir llA with Visual Impairments, Ashcroft’s Programmed In- con sul tant in orientation and mobility and visual
.sse struction: Unified En glish Braille, Learning Media impairments who has taught throughout the
rP dn Assessment: A Resource Guide for Teachers, and The United States and Canada and as an itinerant
ilB Braille Enthusiast’s Dictionary; and author or coau-
eh teacher in France. She has authored or coauthored
t rof no tshevoerr oalf njouumrnearolsu. s Sbhoeo kh acsh appreteprasr eadn dt eaarcthicelress ionf research articles and presented nationally on the
ita topics of the ABC Braille Study, braille literacy
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n kins University and the University of Arkansas
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cire at Little Rock and taught children with visual Cheryl Kamei- Hannan, PhD, is Associate Pro-
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2 Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Dr. Holbrook has Counseling at California State University, Los
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thg presented numerous workshops for teachers and Angeles, where she coordinates the Education
irypo parents relating to the education of children with Specialist credential and master of arts degree pro-
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visual impairments. She is the recipient of the grams in visual impairment and blindness. She
1992 Alfred Allen Award and corecipient of the has previously worked as an itinerant, resource
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Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.
x About the Contributors
room, and language arts teacher of students with ments: A Guide for Test Publishers, Test Developers,
visual impairments and as a reading specialist and State Assessment Personnel. She serves as an ed-
in school districts throughout California and at ucational con sul tant to Florida and other states
the Arizona School for the Deaf and Blind. on issues related to serving students with visual
Dr. Kamei- Hannan is coauthor of Reading Con- impairments and has authored or coauthored a
nections: Strategies for Teaching Students with Visual number of book chapters, as well as articles in
Impairments and has authored or coauthored nu- several journals.
merous articles on the topics of the ABC Braille
Dawn L. Anderson, PhD, is Assistant Professor
Study, reading efficiency, assessments, and the use
in the Department of Blind and Low Vision Stud-
of assistive technology related to teaching read-
ies, College of Health and Human Ser vices, and
ing to students who are blind or visually impaired.
Coordinator of the Teaching C hildren with Visual
She is also the primary investigator and lead
Impairments and Orientation and Mobility for
proj ect coordinator for the iBraille Challenge, a
Children program at Western Michigan Univer-
mobile app developed to improve the literacy and
sity in Kalamazoo.
technology skills of braille readers.
Catherine Archambault, MA, is a doctoral can-
Kim T. Zebehazy, PhD, is Associate Professor in
didate in the Department of Educational and
the Special Education Blindness and Visual Im-
Coun selling Psy chol ogy, McGill University, Mon-
pairment program in the Department of Educa-
treal, Quebec, Canada. Her research interests fo-
tional and Counselling Psy chol ogy, and Special
cus on studying the cognitive and academic
Education, University of British Columbia, Van-
functioning of students with developmental dis-
couver, Canada, where she serves as cocoordi-
orders.
nator of the blindness and visual impairment
program and coordinator of the gradu ate certifi- Cynthia S. Bachofer, PhD, is a certified low vi-
cate in orientation and mobility. She is a certi- sion therapist and Low Vision Con sul tant at the
fied orientation and mobility specialist and a Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired
certified low vision therapist. Dr. Zebehazy has in Austin. Her instruction focuses on the use of
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e authored or coauthored numerous book chap- optical devices, print reading strategies, and psy-
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se ters and journal articles on the topics of assess- chosocial issues for students with low vision.
r sthg ment, graphic access, low vision, and orientation Dr. Bachofer previously served as a teacher of
ir llA and mobility. students with visual impairments and a con sul-
.sse tant with Proj ect Providing Access to the Visual
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ilB eh CHAPTER AUTHORS ville, Tennessee.
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f no Carol B. Allman, PhD, is a private con sul tant in Karen E. Blankenship, PhD, is Assistant Profes-
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n special education and assessment issues who sor of the Practice of Special Education in the
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n has worked in the field of visual impairment for Department of Special Education, Peabody Col-
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2 versity, and an administrator. Dr. Allman is with Visual Impairments. Dr. Blankenship has
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thg the coeditor of ECC Essentials: Teaching the Ex- published articles, led workshops, and presented
irypo panded Core Curriculum to Students with Visual Im- extensively on the subject of the expanded core
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pairments and the author of Test Access: Making curriculum and is cochair of the National Agenda
Tests Accessible for Students with Visual Impair- for the Education of C hildren and Youth with Vi-
Foundations of Education : History and Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments, edited by M. Cay Holbrook, et al., American Foundation for the
Blind Press, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wmichlib-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4821255.
Created from wmichlib-ebooks on 2020-06-04 19:05:24.