ebook img

Foundation of Library and Information Science PDF

302 Pages·2013·1.66 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Foundation of Library and Information Science

FoundationofLibraryand InformationScience DLIS001 FOUNDATION OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE Copyright © 2013, Kavita Gaur All rights reserved Produced & Printed by EXCEL BOOKS PRIVATE LIMITED A-45, Naraina, Phase-I, New Delhi-110028 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara SYLLABUS Foundation of Library and Information Science Objectives: (cid:2) To develop in student’s potential for critical thinking particularly concerning goals of Libraries and Information Centres. (cid:2) To train students for a professional career in Library and Information Services. (cid:2) To train students in handling information resources (Print and non-print). (cid:2) To facilitate access and provision of information sources. (cid:2) To train students in using Information Technology tools and techniques in information access, service, management and archival activities. (cid:2) To further the state of the art in Library and Information Science through extension, research and publication activities. Sr. Content No. 1 Concept of Library: Definition, Need, Purpose, Functions. Five Laws of Library Science. 2 Place of Library in Dissemination of Information: Changing role of library in socio- economic development, education and recreation. 3 Library Cooperation: Definition, types, levels. Resources sharing and networking. Library Extension Services. 4 Types of Libraries: Public, Academic, Special and National. (Definition, purpose and functions of each type of library.) 5 Library Without Wall: Brief introduction to digital and virtual libraries. 6 Library Associations in India, U.K and USA: ILA, IASLIC, CILIP, SLA. 7 Library Legislation: Need, purpose and factors. A brief account of its present position in India. 8 Copyright Act: Copyright Act, Press and Registration Act and Delivery of books (public libraries Act). 9 Library Profession: Librarianship as a profession, Professional ethics. 10 Promoters of Library and Information Services: RRRLF,UNESCO, IFLA CONTENTS Unit 1: Concept of Library Science 1 Unit 2: Laws of Library Science 19 Unit 3: Place of Library in Dissemination of Information 40 Unit 4: Library Cooperation 60 Unit 5: Resource Sharing and Networking 75 Unit 6: Public Libraries 98 Unit 7: Academic Libraries 117 Unit 8: Special Libraries 142 Unit 9: National Libraries 157 Unit 10: Digital and Virtual Libraries 176 Unit 11: Library Associations: India, UK and USA 199 Unit 12: Library Legislation 223 Unit 13: Acts Related to Library Legislation 241 Unit 14: Library Profession 260 Unit 15: Promoters of Library and Information Services 280 Unit 1: Concept of Library Science Unit 1: Concept of Library Science Notes CONTENTS Objectives Introduction 1.1 Definition of Library Science 1.2 History of Library Science in India 1.2.1 Medieval Period 1.2.2 Period of Modern Cycle (till 19th Century) 1.2.3 20th Century 1.3 Need of Library 1.4 Purpose of Library 1.5 Functions of Library 1.6 Summary 1.7 Keywords 1.8 Review Questions 1.9 Further Readings Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: (cid:2) Discuss the definition of Library Science (cid:2) Explain the history of Library Science in India (cid:2) Describe the need of Library (cid:2) Discuss the purpose of Library (cid:2) Explain the functions of Library Introduction Library and Information Science are very essential for the development of a society. It helps in overall personality development and quality of life of a human being. It also helps in the preservation and conservation of cultural heritage of a country. The information as resource is very crucial for the development of a country. The libraries are responsible for socio-economic development. Now a day, progress of a country is measured on the basis of “information rich” or “information poor”. LIS can also be seen as an integration of the two fields – library science and information science, which were separate at one point. The purpose of this unit is to enable the students to comprehend basic expressions. At the end of this unit, you should be able to understand the definition, history, need, purpose and functions of Library Science. LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 Foundation of Library and Information Science Notes 1.1 Definition of Library Science Library science is basically the study of how to operate a library. The field is made up of several branches, including public services, technical services and administration. It is referred to as “library and information science” at many colleges and universities because librarians work with physical books as well as virtual information. Library science (often termed library studies or library and information science) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries; the collection, organization, preservation, and dissemination of information resources; and the political economy of information. The first American school for library science was founded by Melvil Dewey at Columbia University in 1887. ALA glossary of Library and Information Science has defined library as “a collection of materials organized to provide physical, bibliographical and intellectual access to a target group, with a staff that is trained to provide services and programmes related to the information needs of the target groups.” According to Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, the father of library science in India, “a library is a public institution or establishment charged with the care of collection of books, the duty of making them accessible to those who require the use of them and the task of converting every person in its neighbourhood into a habitual library goers and reader of books.” The word “Library Collection” is synonymous with holdings. It is the total accumulation of books and other materials owned by a library, organized and catalogued for ease of access by its users. Encyclopaedia of Library and Information Science describes library collection as “the sum total of library material – books, manuscripts, serial, government documents, pamphlets, catalogues, report, recording, microfilms reels, micro cards and microfiche, punched cards, computer tapes etc. that make up the holding of a particular type of library.” Historically, library science has also included archival science. This includes how information resources are organized to serve the needs of select user group, how people interact with classification systems and technology, how information is acquired, evaluated and applied by people in and outside of libraries as well as cross-culturally, how people are trained and educated for careers in libraries, the ethics that guide library service and organization, the legal status of libraries and information resources, and the applied science of computer technology used in documentation and records management. There is no generally agreed-upon distinction between the terms “library science”, “librarianship”, and “library and information science”, and to a certain extent they are interchangeable, perhaps differing most significantly in connotation. The term “Library and Information Science (LIS)” is most often used; most librarians consider it as only a terminological variation, intended to emphasize the scientific and technical foundations of the subject and its relationship with information science. LIS should not be confused with information theory, the mathematical study of the concept of information. LIS can also be seen as an integration of the two fields’ library science and information science, which were separate at one point. Notes Library philosophy has been contrasted with library science as the study of the aims and justifications of librarianship as opposed to the development and refinement of techniques. Libraries are collections of books and other media. Sometimes, these books can be found inside of a building, such as your city or town’s public library. Readers can check out, or borrow these books and return them by their due dates. Sometimes, the books can be found and read online through digital libraries, which let readers enjoy the information from home. In fact, the 2 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY Unit 1: Concept of Library Science information found in libraries isn’t limited to books. Articles, encyclopedias, magazines, records, Notes CDs and DVDs can be found in libraries as well. Some people enjoy going to the library to use the internet, watch puppet shows, and listen to stories or use one of the library’s meeting or study rooms. Whether you want to read a great story, find a useful article for an assignment, or listen to music, there’s sure to be a library that can help you on your quest. A library is an organized collection of information resources made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library’s collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audio books, databases, and other formats. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items. Did u know? The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing – the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC. These written archives mark the end of prehistory and the start of history. Private or personal libraries made up of written books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC. A library is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, or a private individual. Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not to – or cannot afford to – purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpreting information needs. Libraries often provide quiet areas for studying, and they also often offer common areas to facilitate group study and collaboration. Libraries often provide public facilities for access to their electronic resources and the Internet. Modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many formats and from many sources. They are extending services beyond the physical walls of a building, by providing material accessible by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analysing very large amounts of information with a variety of digital tools. Self Assessment State whether the following statements are true or false: 1. The first American school for library science was founded by Melvil Dewey at Columbia University in 1987. 2. There is no generally agreed-upon distinction between the terms library science, librarianship, and library and information science. 3. Library science has also included archival science. 1.2 History of Library Science in India The first libraries were only partly libraries, and stored most of the unpublished records, which are usually viewed as archives. The archaeological as well as literary evidence (written by Chinese travellers in India) make it clear that writing and reading of manuscripts were regularly practiced in ancient period since the 4th century B.C. to the 6th century after Christ. This must have led to the growth and development of collection of manuscripts in important centres of learning. The important library of that period was that of Nalanda University of Bihar in the 4th century AD. The library was said to be in three grandest buildings, the area of which was called LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 3 Foundation of Library and Information Science Notes “Drama Ganja” meaning mast of religion. The other important academic library of that period was Vikramshila, Odantapuri, Somapuri, Jaggadal, Mithila, Vallabhi, Kanheri, etc. During that period there was a considerable activity in South India too, and there was a tradition about the libraries in that period known as sangam age. The Buddhist of India laid special emphasis on the writing of manuscripts and maintaining their collection. The Jains and Hindus also made immense contribution in the field of learning. They patronized education and literary activities, established innumerable institution called Upasrayas and Temple College. Acharya Nagarjuna, the founder of Mahayana Buddhism is known to have maintained a library on the top floor of the university building. It was also said that Taxila has a rich library. 1.2.1 Medieval Period The medieval cycle may be roughly taken to have ended with the 17th century. It was during the ascending phase of this cycle that the giant intellectual and spiritual leaders such as Sankara, Ramanuja and Madheva flourished. 1. Personnel Libraries: From the earliest times, the kings and nobles of India patronized education and encouraged writing of manuscripts and their preservation. Even the princes of small states maintained their manuscripts libraries. The tradition was continued till the nineteenth century. The emperors of Timuride dynasty were patrons of learning. With the exception of Aurangzeb all the early Mughal rulers extended their support to art, music and literature. The libraries also made remarkable progress during their times. Humayun converted a pleasure house in Purana Quila in Delhi into a library. Akbar maintained an “imperial library”; he was also instrumental in introducing reforms in the classification and storage of books. Jahangir is said to have maintained a personnel library which moved with him wherever he went. 2. Public Libraries: In the 17th and the 18th century, the development of libraries received an impetus due to rise of European settlement in India. From 1690, Calcutta began to develop as one of the principal English settlement, when a large number of British began to settle there. Subsequently, the circulation and subscription libraries came into being. The East India Company established the Fort St. David library in 1707 at Cuddalore. In the year 1709, the society for promotion of Christian Knowledge sent out a circulating library to Calcutta, the first of its kind in India. Subsequently, a number of such libraries were established in India, the notable among them were Fort St. George library (1714), East India Company’s library, Bombay (1715), John Andrews circulating library at Fort William, Calcutta (1770), the Calcutta Circulating Library (1787), etc. 1.2.2 Period of Modern Cycle (till 19th Century) Following are the Period of Modern Cycle till the 19th century: 1. Public Libraries: The role of Mughal rulers and missionaries in establishment of some libraries also find their way to modern cycle. Some of the scattered manuscripts of the early periods have been collected and preserved in many modern manuscripts libraries. These are found in many States in India. Those of Baroda, Banaras, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Mysore, Poona, Tanjavur and Trivandrum are well known. The year 1808 is considered an important period during which the then Government of Bombay initiated a proposal to register libraries which were to be given copies of books published from “funds for the encouragement of literature”. This has been the first attempt to register the libraries and assist them with literature by the government. 4 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.