Table Of Content

Fossil Mammals of Asia NEOGENE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius EDITED BY FOSSIL MAMMALS OF ASIA FOSSIL MAMMALS OF ASIA NEOGENE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY Edited by Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius Columbia University Press New York Supported by the Special Researches Program of Basic Science and Technology (grant no. 2006FY120400), Ministry of Science and Technology, People’s Republic of China. Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex cup.columbia.edu Copyright © 2013 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Fossil mammals of Asia : Neogene biostratigraphy and chronology / edited by Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, and Mikael Fortelius. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “Th is book is on the emergence of mammals in Asia, based largely on new fossil fi nds throughout Asia and cutting- edge biostratigraphic and geochemical methods of dating the fossils and their geological substrate”— Provided by publisher. ISBN 978- 0- 231- 15012- 5 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Mammals, Fossil— Asia. 2. Paleontology— Neogene. 3. Paleontology— Asia. 4. Geology, Stratigraphic— Neogene. 5. Geology, Stratigraphic— Asia. I. Wang, Xiaoming, 1957– II. Flynn, Lawrence J. (Lawrence John), 1952– III. Fortelius, Mikael, 1954– QE881.F66 2012 569.095—dc23 2012008531 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid- free paper. Th is book is printed on paper with recycled content. Printed in the United States of America cover image: About 15 Ma, in the early Middle Miocene of Central Asia, an agitated Kubanochoerus, with characteristically high facial horns, charges up a trail in a riparian habitat. Th e Kubanochoerus was a large, long- legged member of the pig family (Suidae), with individuals of some species exceeding 500 kg. It is charging past the fossorial rodent Tachyoryctoides, a fully subterranean extinct muroid unrelated to modern burrowing rodents. Tachyoryctoides was larger than the living Asiatic zokor, a mole rat of body mass typically 200 g or more. Both mammals are iconic for a large part of Asia, from Mongolia and China, eastward to the Aral Sea. Th ey overlap in time, although Kubanochoerus characterizes Middle Miocene Tunggurrian- age faunas, while Tachyoryctoides is commonly found in Oligocene and Early Miocene assemblages. (Illustration by Mauricio Antón) c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 References to Internet Web sites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the editors nor Columbia University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared. To Richard H. Tedford 1929–2011 We dedicate this book to Richard H. Tedford for the perceptive advancements that he stimulated in the fi eld of evolutionary biology, as represented by the vertebrate fossil record of Asia. Dick’s many passions included fi eld documenta- tion of Asian mammalian biostratigraphy, and he set a high standard for all to follow in championing multidisciplinary, international collaborations. His work inspires future generations of researchers. CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 4 Toward a Continental Asian Biostratigraphic Early Miocene Xiejiahe and Sihong Fossil Localities and Geochronologic Framework and Th eir Faunas, Eastern China Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, Zhu- ding Qiu and Zhan- xiang Qiu 142 and Mikael Fortelius 1 Chapter 5 PART I. EAST ASIA Neogene Faunal Succession and Biochronology of Central Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) Chapter 1 Zhu- ding Qiu, Xiaoming Wang, and Qiang Li 155 Neogene Land Mammal Stages/Ages of China: Toward the Goal to Establish an Asian Land Chapter 6 Mammal Stage/Age Scheme Mammalian Biochronology of the Late Miocene Zhan- xiang Qiu, Zhu- ding Qiu, Tao Deng, Bahe Formation Chuan- kui Li, Zhao- qun Zhang, Ban- yue Wang, Zhao- qun Zhang, Anu Kaakinen, Li- ping Liu, Juha Pekka and Xiaoming Wang 29 Lunkka, Sevket Sen, Wulf A. Gose, Zhu- ding Qiu, Shao- hua Zheng, and Mikael Fortelius 187 Chapter 2 North China Neogene Biochronology: Chapter 7 A Chinese Standard Stratigraphy and Paleoecol ogy of the Classical Dragon Michael O. Woodburne, Richard H. Tedford, Bone Localities of Baode County, Shanxi Province and Everett H. Lindsay 91 Anu Kaakinen, Benjamin H. Passey, Zhao- qun Zhang, Li- ping Liu, Lauri J. Pesonen, and Mikael Fortelius 203 Chapter 3 A Single-Point Base Defi nition of the Xiejian Age Chapter 8 as an Exemplar for Refi ning Chinese Land Review of the Litho-, Bio-, and Chronostratigraphy Mammal Ages in the Nihewan Basin, Hebei, China Jin Meng, Jie Ye, Wen-y u Wu, Xi- jun Ni, and Bao- quan Cai, Shao- hua Zheng, Joseph C. Liddicoat, Shun- dong Bi 124 and Qiang Li 218 viii CONTENTS Chapter 9 Chapter 16 Late Cenozoic Biostratigraphy of the Linxia Basin, Mammalian Neogene Biostratigraphy of the Sulaiman Northwestern China Province, Pakistan Tao Deng, Zhan- xiang Qiu, Ban- yue Wang, Xiaoming Pierre- Olivier Antoine, Gregoire Métais, Maeva J. Orliac, Wang, and Su- kuan Hou 243 J.- Y. Crochet, Lawrence J. Flynn, Laurent Marivaux, Abdul Rahim Rajpar, G. Roohi, and Jean- Loup Chapter 10 Welcomme 400 Neogene Mammalian Biostratigraphy and Geochronology of the Tibetan Plateau Chapter 17 Xiaoming Wang, Qiang Li, Zhu- ding Qiu, Guang- pu Xie, Indian Neogene Siwalik Mammalian Biostratigraphy: Ban- yue Wang, Zhan- xiang Qiu, Zhijie J. Tseng, An Overview Gary T. Takeuchi, and Tao Deng 274 Rajeev Patnaik 423 Chapter 11 Chapter 18 Hominoid- Producing Localities and Biostratigraphy Paleobiogeography and South Asian Small Mammals: in Yunnan Neogene Latitudinal Faunal Variation Wei Dong and Guo- qin Qi 293 Lawrence J. Flynn and Wilma Wessels 445 Chapter 12 Chapter 19 Miocene Land Mammals and Stratigraphy of Japan Advances in the Biochronology and Biostratigraphy Yukimitsu Tomida, Hideo Nakaya, Haruo Saegusa, of the Continental Neogene of Myanmar Kazunori Miyata, and Akira Fukuchi 314 Olivier Chavasseau, Aung Aung Khyaw, Yaowalak Chaimanee, Pauline Coster, Edouard- Georges Chapter 13 Emonet, Aung Naing Soe, Mana Rugbumrung, Soe Pliocene Land Mammals of Japan Th ura Tun, and Jean- Jacques Jaeger 461 Ryohei Nakagawa, Yoshinari Kawamura, and Hiroyuki Taruno 334 PART III. NORTH AND CENTRAL ASIA PART II. SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Chapter 20 Miocene Mammal Biostratigraphy of Central Mongolia Chapter 14 (Valley of Lakes): New Results Th e Siwaliks and Neogene Evolutionary Biology Gudrun Daxner- Höck, Demchig Badamgarav, Margarita in South Asia Erbajeva, and Ursula Bettina Göhlich 477 Lawrence J. Flynn, Everett H. Lindsay, David Pilbeam, S. Mahmood Raza, Michèle E. Morgan, John C. Barry, Chapter 21 Catherine E. Badgley, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Late Cenozoic Mammal Faunas of the Baikalian Region: I. U. Cheema, Abdul Rahim Rajpar, Composition, Biochronology, Dispersal, and and Neil D. Opdyke 353 Correlation with Central Asia Margarita Erbajeva and Nadezhda Alexeeva 495 Chapter 15 Th e Neogene Siwaliks of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan Chapter 22 John C. Barry, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Catherine E. Badgley, New Data on Miocene Biostratigraphy and Paleoclima- Lawrence J. Flynn, Hannele Peltonen, I. U. Cheema, tology of Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, Siberia) David Pilbeam, Everett H. Lindsay, S. Mahmood Raza, Gudrun Daxner- Höck, Madelaine Böhme, Abdul Rahim Rajpar, and Michèle E. Morgan 373 and Annette Kossler 508 CONTENTS ix PART IV. WEST ASIA AND ADJACENT REGIONS Chapter 28 Neogene Mammal Biostratigraphy and Chronology Chapter 23 of Greece Late Miocene Mammal Localities of Eastern Eu rope and George D. Koufos 595 Western Asia: Toward Biostratigraphic Synthesis Eleonora Vangengeim and Alexey S. Tesakov 521 PART V. ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND PALEOECOL OGY Chapter 24 Chapter 29 Late Miocene (Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas from Continental- Scale Patterns in Neogene Mammal Southern Eu ro pe an Rus sia Community Evolution and Biogeography: Vadim V. Titov and Alexey S. Tesakov 538 A Europe- Asia Perspective Majid Mirzaie Ataabadi, Li-ping Liu, Jussi T. Eronen, Chapter 25 Raymond L. Bernor, and Mikael Fortelius 629 Recent Advances in Paleobiological Research of the Late Miocene Maragheh Fauna, Northwest Iran Chapter 30 Majid Mirzaie Ataabadi, Raymond L. Bernor, Intercontinental Dispersals of Sicistine Rodents Dimitris S. Kostopoulos, Dominik Wolf, Zahra Orak, (Sicistinae, Dipodidae, Rodentia) Between Eurasia Gholamreza Zare, Hideo Nakaya, Mahito Watabe, and and North America Mikael Fortelius 546 Yuri Kimura 656 Chapter 26 Chapter 31 A Review of the Neogene Succession of the Muridae Paleodietary Comparisons of Ungulates Between and Dipodidae from Anatolia, with Special Reference the Late Miocene of China, and Pikermi and Samos to Taxa Known from Asia and/or Eu rope in Greece Hans de Bruijn, Engin Ünay, and Kees Hordijk 566 Nikos Solounias, Gina M. Semprebon, Matthew C. Mihlbachler, and Florent Rivals 676 Chapter 27 Late Miocene Fossils from the Baynunah Formation, List of Contributors 693 United Arab Emirates: Summary of a De cade of New Work Taxonomic Index 701 Faysal Bibi, Andrew Hill, Mark Beech, and Walid Yasin 583 General Index 723