FORWARD to professorship in STEM : inclusive faculty development strategies that work PDF
Preview FORWARD to professorship in STEM : inclusive faculty development strategies that work
FORWARD TO PROFESSORSHIP IN STEM FORWARD TO PROFESSORSHIP IN STEM Inclusive Faculty Development Strategies That Work Edited by R S. H ACHELLE ELLER DepartmentofComputerScience,GeorgeWashingtonUniversity, Washington,DC,USA C M ATHERINE AVRIPLIS DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofOttawa, Ottawa,ON,Canada P S S AUL ALI ABILA ChemistryandPhysicsProgram,DepartmentofScience,Technology,andMathematics, GallaudetUniversity,Washington,DC,USA AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)HEIDELBERG(cid:129)LONDON NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD(cid:129)PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125,LondonWall,EC2Y5AS. 525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UK Copyrightr2016ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeineval- uatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.In usingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyof others,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors, assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofpro- ductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products, instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-12-800855-3 BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. ForInformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteathttp://store.elsevier.com/ Publisher:SaraTenney AcquisitionEditor:MaryPreap EditorialProjectManager:MaryPreap ProductionProjectManager:ChrisWortley Designer:ChristianBilbow TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India www.adi-mps.com PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica List of Contributors D. Page Baluch School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Lesley Berhan Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering,TheUniversityofToledo,Toledo,OH,USA Kate S. Boersma Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA Pamela Brown NewYork CityCollege ofTechnology,City University ofNew York,Brooklyn,NY,USA Amanda Bryant-Friedrich Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry andChemistry,TheUniversityofToledo,Toledo,OH,USA Sarah L. Close Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Dean John A. Knauss Marine Policy Fellow, National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration,SilverSpring,MD,USA Nancy Collins Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH,USA Alexandra Davatzes Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University,Philadelphia,PA,USA Daisha Delano Sociology Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK,USA Shiping Deng Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK,USA Isabel C. Escobar Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The UniversityofKentucky,Lexington,KY,USA Gertrude Fraser Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,VA,USA ElizabethFreeland SchooloftheArtInstituteofChicago,Chicago,IL,USA Susan Freimark Faculty Leadership Development Institute, Flora Stone MatherCenterforWomen,CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,OH, USA PatriciaK.Freitag EducationConsulting,Potomac,MD,USA Lisa M. Ganio Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry,OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,OR,USA Charlene Gilbert Department of Women’s and Gender Studies, The UniversityofToledo,Toledo,OH,USA xiii xiv LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS SimerjeetGill BrookhavenNationalLaboratory,Upton,NY,USA Cyndee Gruden Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo,OH,USA Margaret Harden Institute for Faculty Advancement, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,VA,USA Rachelle S. Heller Department of Computer Science, George Washington University,Washington,DC,USA Louisa Hooven Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis,OR,USA Kristine Horvat Materials Science and Engineering Department, Stony Brook University,StonyBrook,NY,USA Delaram Kahrobaei New York City College of Technology, City University of NewYork,Brooklyn,NY,USA Maria T. Kavanaugh Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, WoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution,WoodsHole,MA,USA Barbara Lachenbruch Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College ofForestry,OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,OR,USA Amy Madewell Psychology Department, Southeastern Oklahoma State University,Durant,OK,USA LynnetteD.Madsen NationalScienceFoundation,Arlington,VA,USA Diane Magrane Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University CollegeofMedicine,Philadelphia,PA,USA Catherine Mavriplis Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa,Ottawa,ON,Canada Page S. Morahan Emerita Professor of Microbiology, Drexel University CollegeofMedicine,Philadelphia,PA,USA Shannon Morey Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA,USA;EastBostonHighSchool,Boston,MA,USA Jennifer L. Piatek Department of Geological Sciences, Central Connecticut StateUniversity,NewBritain,CT,USA TriveniRao BrookhavenNationalLaboratory,Upton,NY,USA Paul S. Sabila Chemistry and Physics Program, Department of Science, Technology,andMathematics,GallaudetUniversity,Washington,DC,USA Brad San Martin Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA,USA Amanda Shaffer Office of Faculty Development, Case Western University, Cleveland,OH,USA H. David Snyder Chemistry and Physics Program, Department of Science, Technology,andMathematics,GallaudetUniversity,Washington,DC,USA xv LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS Charlene C. Sorensen Chemistry and Physics Program, Department of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC,USA Blanche Staton Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Boston,MA,USA HelenThompson CareerInteractive,London,UK Jean Van Delinder Sociology Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,OK,USA Jeanmarie Verchot Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University,Stillwater,OK,USA Prologue With almost 20 years behind us since we started our journey FORWARD, we are pleased to see the culmination of our efforts and experiences recorded in this volume. Our team formed at a time when the “leaky pipeline” metaphor was being used to address the issue of the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering. Our first FORWARD project aimed to shore up the undergraduate-to-graduate school leak in the pipeline and, with the US National Science Foundation ADVANCE funding program, we tended to the doctoral- to(cid:1)assistant professor leak. Today, the leaks are still there, but they are diminishing, and the issues that contribute to those leaks are openly discussed. A plethora of resources exist online and at many institutions to address diversity issues, but face-to-face workshops are still in demand. The value of con- necting with others in similar situations cannot be overestimated, as time and time again, we witnessed at our workshops peer-to-peer and near-peer mentorships forming and friendships growing through shared experiences. The resulting empowerment was evident to us on site, in the evaluations, and beyond, as participants shared with us their successes inforgingtheirown careerpaths. Our message is simple—with a small amount of resources and seri- ous drive, you can do a lot. It is our hope that you will find this volume helpful in organizing and developing your own career development workshops, as we show through the stories recorded here that it is rela- tively easy and cost effective to run such events and that the return on investment is immense. We encourage you to read and learn from our experiences as the FORWARD organizers, use our materials, many of which are offered in the appendices to this volume, and network with the other chapter authors who creatively adapted the FORWARD model to their regions, disciplines, or social groups; reflected on their experi- ences as participants, speakers, or organizers; or developed their own leadership programs to continue the work of increasing and furthering the participation of women and underrepresented groupsin STEM. We thank the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for their financial support for these projects and are especially indebted to their staff for having the vision and perseverance to shape the funding programs that eventually xvii xviii PROLOGUE created a community and national movement to reshape the face of aca- demia and its internal workings. Furthermore, we are indebted to all our wonderful speakers, assistants, ELDers, trainees, and new work- shop organizers for their enthusiastic and selfless dedication to making our events successful and meaningful experiences. This book is dedicated to our brave and dynamic workshop partici- pants, from whomwe learned somuch. They are theway FORWARD! On a personal note, we thank Dianne Martin, Charlene Sorensen, H. David Snyder, and Yell Inverso for their tremendous contributions that kept us moving FORWARD. Many thanks to Mary Preap and the editorial team at Elsevier for shepherding this project through to completion. C H A P T E R 1 The Origins of Faculty Development in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Rachelle S. Heller Departmentof ComputerScience, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA O U T L I N E Introduction 2 Brief History of Faculty Development 3 Programs for Advancing Women inSTEM 5 Early Programsand Movements 5 Resource Development 8 General Design Issues for FacultyDevelopmentWorkshops 11 Beyond Workshops 13 Conclusion 14 References 14 1 ForwardtoProfessorshipinSTEM. ©2016ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 2 1. THEORIGINSOFFACULTYDEVELOPMENTINSTEM INTRODUCTION TheUnitedStatesneedsasustainedinvestmentinscienceeducationand basicresearchtospurinnovationandsuccessfullycompete,prosper,andbe secure in the global community of the twenty-first century. A recently released report, “Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited” (National AcademyofSciences,2010),notedthattheclimatethatproducedfourover- arching recommendations to meet this need in 2005 has worsened. The report notes that the mission is still to improve education in science and math,increasefundinginscienceresearch,andencouragemoreAmericans topursuecareersinscience,engineering,andmathematics.Thechallengeis even harder in the face of the “economic recession and the growth of the national debt over this period from $8 trillion to $13 trillion” (p. 4), the report says. Moreover, other nations have been markedly progressing, therebyaffectingtherelativeabilityoftheUnitedStatestocompetefornew factories,researchlaboratories,andjobs(p.4).Ifscienceandscienceeduca- tion do not diversify their workforce by including women and minority viewpoints,progresswillbelimitedinapproachandperspective. The challenge to bring women into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) is a constant. In an exhibit at the Grolier Club (NewYorkCity)andanaccompanyingtextbook,ExtraordinaryWomenin Science and Medicine: Four Centuries of Achievement (Smeltzer et al., 2013), the struggles of women to enter and remain in science, stretching from Madame la Marquise du Chaˆtellet to Rosalyn Yalow, are chronicled. A poignant story is told there about the correspondence between Florence Sabin and Helen Taussig. In 1936, Dr Taussig wrote to Dr Sabin that she was concerned about Johns Hopkins’s conservative attitude toward women in science, that this atmosphere might stifle her advancement, thatshewaspaidlessthanherpeers,andthatherself-respectdemanded thattheinstitutioninwhichsheworkedhadconfidenceinher. In 1965, Rossi asked the question, “Women in science—why so few?” Shenotedthat,intheageafterSputnikandthe1950s,domesticlifedidnot getthehighpraiseitoncehad.ThePresident’sCommissionontheStatusof Women (1963) suggested that steps be taken to bring women into the technical and scientific workforce. The climate, then (to perhaps a larger degreethanin2013),wasthatsocietybelievedthatwomenshouldnotpur- sueacareerinscience.Rossididnotexpectanyadvancementontheinclu- sion of women in science until and unless society takes into account that “Mostcollege-educatedwomenaremarriedandlivingwiththeirhusbands and children” (p. 1197). She continues to argue that so long as society per- mits the pursuit of a science career to exact a toll on the personal life of women, the disadvantages for women cannot be overcome. Rossi goes on to note the barriers to women in science: society’s view of the priority of marriage,impactofcareerinterruption(usuallyduetochildbirth),andchild rearing. FORWARDTOPROFESSORSHIPINSTEM
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