Forts Palaces and Havelis of Rajasthan

2015·8.4 MB·English

by  Centre for Cultural Resources and Training

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Forts, Palaces and Havelis of Rajasthan
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tottto % mPv^hI ak 3 fkrro ww to Rt TOtrotfroR frofTORTOT to r1 Rajasthan, situated in the western region of India has a diversity
«’*<*> fa 3 to) TO^rot f i ,H^i)rd=h frorotroTOTTOf ^ to'^rf Tfrffa r) tototItoto of geophysical features which add to the richness and variety of
its cultural expressions. It has the Aravalli range of mountains,
TO TOhTI 'Mild ^*^=5, 'TO TOT TTOTOt Midi M-IITOI t'l TO! TOlMdl M^idHIdl,
forested valleys, lakes, wild life sanctuaries and the desert sand-
TO ^ 3TTTOfTO TOfrorf, TOT TOk, 3TTOTTOT TOTOT klWIH TO k
dunes. Pakistan and Punjab and its history dates back to ancient
% Zt^ frok t'l TOTTTO % ZTOT ^ ^ TOk % RTTOTO fTOR) TTtTOTTO TOR
times. Kalibangan, an Indus civilization site in northern Bikaner,
TOTOT TOTfRTTOTTO TOT T|TOt t, TOTOf TOTTRT ^TORT TOTTOk RTTOT TO tiTOTT f3TO tl
was an important walled city of the Harappan period. Above all,
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Rajasthan (which means the ‘Land of Kings’) is the cradle of
kaT To k TOTkkkt k froa to tot toutomIh t klr toto tototI tot
distinctive Rajput culture and traditions.
TOTOTTOTTO TO TO*} i- TTTOTTOf TO TORI TOf eft TTRJTO TTTOhfa Ref TOTTOTOTOf From the seventh century A.D. to nineteenth century A.D., the
TO kk TTOT t'l history of Rajasthan witnessed the rise and fall of the Rajputs. The
word ‘Rajput’ is derived from the term ‘Rajaputra’ which means
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‘sons of kings’. They trace their descent from the lineage of the
TTRJTOt' % ZTTOTTO TR TOT TO TOTTOt TTOT tl TFRJTO TO 3T«f t, TRTT TO TJTOI
sun and the moon and belong to kshatriya-the warrior caste. The
t TORT ZTTOTO Tjt TR' TO ^ TOTTOT t kk TO^T TOTfa TOfTOTO k TOTOTO TO§t
Rathors of Bikaner and Jodhpur, Gahlots and Sisodias of Udaipur
ti RtRkr ktr klTO^r % <idl<, rr k TOrokk tr fkktftTOT totot tort and the Kachhawahas of Jaipur are Suryavanshis, clans claiming
k RT5TOTTOT TTOTO Rt Tjtkft TTTOT TOTOTOTTO TR TO TORT TORt t, TOTOfk descent from Lord Rama. The Bhattis of Jaisalmer claimed to be
^TTRtT % TOft 3Rt Rt TOTOft TORt tl R% TORRT TO TOt TOR TORT Chandravanshis, of lunar descent. It is said that the Chauhans,
t fTO ktTOR, TTtRTOt, TORT TOTOT kTTTO TOnfTO k #TO TOR TOfa k TOfTOTO Solankis, Paramaras and the Deoras emerged from the sacred
TOpH^k k TOTOT fir tl firepit or Agnikunda on the summit of the holy Mount Abu.
TOefTOR TRTTTOR k fTOTOTO t 3kR TOR *1, kfRTO ZTOt k kTOlf (fTOftTOR Although there were a number of states in the present day
Rajasthan, the three most prominent were Mewar (Chittorgarh
TOTOT TORT^T), TOltr (TOPJT) TOTOT TOTTRTO (ttTOfT, tTOdk kk
and Udaipur). Amber (Jaipur) and Marwar (Jodhpur, Jaisalmer
krokr) t tk RR tl ^fTOTTT t TTTOT-TTTOT TO TTTOJeff % TOf)— kk iTO
and Bikaner). Time and again, Rajput strongholds such as Chittor,
froffe, tTOTTO, TOTOTOkk, TOTTRTO TOTOT TOR TTORf TO mPTO'ITO TOTTOTOT RTOt Tt
Mewar, Ranthambor, Marwar and many others were attacked by
tl TOTOfTO RTORt t t-TO. RK^mT TOTTRt t TOTT TOfTOTO Mtft t |r. TOTSTOf
Muslim armies. Mahmud Ghazni in the eleventh century A.D. and
TOTTRt % TOTT f TTTORlt TO TORTOT fTOT «1l TOT % TORR ^gsj-TO,-tk Mohammad Ghori at the end of the twelfth century A.D. attacked the
tRTO t 3RrtT TO TORTT 3TTfTOR TOR iRR Rl state of Rajputana followed by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak who beseiged
Ajmer. Alaud-Din-Khalji in fourteenth century A.D. captured the
t-M. Rtrok' TOTTRt t TORREZ feRTOf t RTTOktT TORT PddW % fTOdf TO
toIrtott tor froro ri grot tottoto tort tor froftftR Trgro rr rr % Fort of Ranthambor and Chittor. In sixteenth century A.D., the
#TO t.TO. TftTOTOTOt TOTOlRt TO TTOTTOR t TOTOTTTR ^ f3TO R, fTOTRft TOfRTfTO battle of Khanwa was fought between the Mughal Emperor, Babur
and Sisodia chief, Rana Sanga, which ended in a Rajput defeat.
TTTO^TOt TOft TOTTTOTO TO ff *ftl fTO% # TOTOTO RTORTT^ TORT % TOtt 3TTORT
Shortly after, Babur’s grandson, Akbar established supremacy
t TOTTTOTTO TOR tTOTTO TO fTOTOTO RR TOft TOR TOTTOTOTR TOR TOt TOR TITO'jiHKl over both Marwar and Mewar and married a Rajput princess of
^ Id TOMS TOTT fTOR TOi, fTOTOt TOR t 3TTtT ^TO TO TOTTTOTO fTOTRI the Kachhawaha clan, which ruled over Amber region.
Mewar
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The Gahlots, later known as the Sisodias, migrated from Gujarat
JJ,R<ld 't *l6dld TOTOT % did TOR TTTOTTRTO % TOfTOTO-1^ f?TOt
and occupied Mewar, which lies in the south-east of Rajasthan.
tTOR TO 3TTTOTT TOTO TOTO «f eft t fTOTOlRdl TORTOTt TOt ^1 ZTOt TRfRT
Their earliest inscription in Rajputana is dated 646 A.D.
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Chittorgarh, the ancient capital of Mewar, has a magnificent fort
fRTOTtTOtZT TOff^TO t TOR TOR fReTOT t, fRTORt TTtRTOf t TO %RTO 3kR TO1TOT
with thirteen kilometres of battlements which encloses not only
t, TOfdR it^-fTTt TOt t, TOft 3TTOTRT TTOtTOt Rt TOTTOt ^tR RTlt tl ddTSMl palaces but also lakes and reservoirs that can support thousands
ReTRft % TOR t Rfk 35 TOTOf TOR Iddl-SdC TOT R1TR RTi R^ TORT of inhabitants. Kumbha, who ruled Chittorgarh for thirty-five years
^TR t TOTOT TRTOeTORTOTT % d*^1, 'tt fR TOftRt cRTOJT t ^TTOTOTTOTO from mid-fifteenth century A.D. onwards was responsible for
several architectural achievements, such as- Fort Kumbhalgarh in
fftRn, w^z 3tt^ ft srrrr fftRn, fftftfefR fern rr 73ft MJra southern Udaipur, Fort Achalgarh in Mount Abu, the Victory Tower
at Chittorgarh, and for the innovations and additions to the Fort at
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Chittorgarh.
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Chittorgarh was invaded three times by the Muslims before the
##533 33 31TsH'Mul fftRl «nI 73f 1303 ft fftr# ft? W 31HH<1h capital of Mewar was shifted to Udaipur. In 1303 A.D. Alaud-Din-
fed41 4 ##5 ## 3RT #3 fw # 3cft 3lftt 3#ftftl ft IftRTF ft? 3#3 Khalji, Sultan of Delhi, laid seige to Chittorgarh in an attempt to
ft fftftU'l<2 RTt ft3 #31 «m marry the famous beauty, Rani Padmini, the wife of Bhim Singh.
Bahadur Shah of Gujarat attacked Vikramjeet of Chittorgarh in
TpSRTcT ft? ^TW ^ 1533 4' fftftU'ld ft? fftsfcMftld 33
1533 A.D. In face of defeat, Rani Karnavati, a Bundi princess
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led the Jauhar in which many women and children sacrificed
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their lives. However, her own child, Udai Singh was smuggled
71# Rift'd d) RH 3T3R?1 ft?R7 3RRfft5 f## 3R?R RR 331 *11, 41 R1R ft out, and he lived to inherit the throne of Chittorgarh. In 1567,
fR#53R 33 RRTlfRRTRl R31I 7Ff 1567 ft "5331 W 3TR?R7 4 fedW'la; A.D., the Mughal Emperor, Akbar beseiged Chittorgarh but
#1 ft7 fedi «n. 4fed <mi ^^Ahs fe41 y<+iK rr Pi=t>cii 331 <$nd Udai Singh managed to escape and founded Udaipur, the new
capital of Mewar. The rulers of Mewar were known for their
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resistance to the Muslim invaders. However, compromise with
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the Mughals in the seventeenth century A.D. reduced the threat
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of invasion and enabled them to devote more time for cultural
dfdftlftRTt #1 RRTRl ffteRI pursuits.
dRRjJt ft 3#R? #R 3R3 t, # R51 ft? S'IIRRiT % ftM ftR #t R#ft The city of Udaipur has several beautiful buildings that speak
t'l fft# ft#R-313#, 337-35R go#' oft TMIRd R?R1 331 WJdf #1 of the aesthetic taste of its rulers. The City Palace is a blend of
Mughal decorative art and Rajput military architecture. It is a
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massive edifice built on the shores of Lake Pichola. The walls
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on the outside are built of thin slates of sandstone and covered
Mdetl MldVfeft ft «h! ft 331 30 03 R^RRi# 00 #3 30 fed I 001 ft I
with the finest possible white plaster work. In the interiors, marble
dl'dftd. OF! ft fftRlft Oil 3300303 ft OOTOT OOT ft 331 30 03 R31R? OTlft has been used for the walls. They are profusely decorated with
00' OTlftt 0f30T3 ft? ftlOO ft 71RT33 foftOO fOOf, 3?3T0l' #3 3T0lftft[' oft glasswork, inlay work, paintings depicting celebration of festivals,
fftfOO f#OT 001 ftl processions and scenes showing the life in the royal household.
Jag Niwas or the Lake Palace of Udaipur is a small island of cool
f# 0003 fwtOO #d # 0*0 ft OR t0O131 # ftl ?000 ftlO# OTlftl oftOR
marble set amidst Lake Pichola. It was a summer resort for the
ft? TTffrftf ft 3# % fcorr foroi 001 011 oftoio ft ^ft fttod ft oftoffto OR
members of the royal household which has now been transformed
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into a Hotel.
OFTftftR oftol 001 OF# 00 ogi 7RJf ft, oil ft30 cTOOl ft, 010I ft# ft Jag Mandir is cluster of pavilions and palaces which seems to
ft3 3F1 fttl god OlOW w?i ft or 3Toft fool Rftoft # f03^ foftlo be floating on the surface of the lake. It was in Jag Mandir that
Emperor Shahjahan sought refuge when he rebelled against his
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father, Jahangir.
3TT^T Amber
F*7T 7>MI«0 4 + e5dli7l TRiJTT 377^7 4' 7?R W\ «R The Kachhawahas established themselves in Amber around the
twelfth and thirteenth century A.D. Jai Singh II succeeded his father
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as ruler of Amber at the age of eleven. He shifted the capital from
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Amber to the plains, where he built a new city, Jaipur, in 1727 A.D.,
1Frrat % ftf 3 ii ^rrj7 R3777 RftI, iqftm, 7wrar which is popularly known as the ‘Pink City’. The principal building
material used for the fortress, palace complex, observatory and
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other buildings is rubble and plaster along with the local grey stone
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found near Jaipur. A rusty pink paint rather than cream has been
AlR ‘Jell 41 777 Tl 7777 TAll used over the plaster which gives a pink hue to the buildings.
Jai Singh II, an astronomer and a mathematician, planned the city
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of Jaipur keeping in mind the aesthetic norms and conforming to
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the architectural style of the period. A strong wall encircles the
411 ^PJ7 % RTTt cTW T3of7 H'Jiqd 77t177-'{lc7K ’t 4*77 <MH6cl mRtk A city in the heart of which is the City Palace. Within the palace
4*7?T7e7T-47777-4777 #1 *74 7F47 47*7f774 £177 RtRlTl 47*7 4*7477477371 4 4 4*77 complex there is an observatory-the Jantar Mantar. It is one of
the five observatories built by Jai Singh II. The others are in Delhi,
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Varanasi, Mathura and Ujjain. Adjacent to the palace walls is the
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Hawa Mahal, a pyramidal facade of five storeys. It allows free
3 3717ft ^T fR ?ft7R TWt tl flt-ftt RTSjf f RsljjRM! tl movement of air which keeps the building cool. It is made up of
?TTtt *7f7777 *74 xri%7H|i/ <?TS7 cf4 *|R|R|(V*7T t^T RTTcft *ft, *7*77 *77?7 small compartments, each with a window through which the women
of the royal household could watch processions in the public street
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seated in the airy jharokhas without being seen themselves.
HK<7Ij£ Marwar
7R7*TR % mRm4I 47*7 f *777 *777 4f77^ RPlT-dH tl ft *717=114 *Fft On the western border of Rajasthan lies the formidable expanse of
tl f77 44 *1 did y^^d d‘l1 tl *Sfl*7*J7 77*77 flddll t 7ldl< d^l dot the Thar desert formerly known as Marwar. This region has three
important cities, Jodhpur and Bikaner dominated by the Rathor
447*7717 t 77*77 t7777*ll f Flfedt dftl f*7 TfNt *7*771 dft ft*7tf77=h ft«7f77 t
clan and Jaisalmer by the Bhattis. The location of these cities
Wf dlT^didl dft ^Rddl dt dFlfdTT fed? tl Fddf dft ^dKK ddFt
has influenced their architectural styles. Jali screens have been
% fdR; ttdTTf t 'dlfddT dd dddfd dfdTdTT ^ f^dT ddT tl fd ^d dft extensively used as panels in large areas of the walls to make
dl'T^ddl dft ddl 37^7 fddtdTd d«R fd dt t, dft 37^dld>K ttt fd the building airy. Another prominent feature of architecture in this
dTdTddt dft 37tdt tl dddt % fd*-lful t f77 ^d t IdW d7d7 dd dgdldd region is the protruding chajjas carved almost to a semicircle
to cover projecting balconies. Sandstone is the basic building
R fTtdTR ^37T t, ddtfd7 d?«77 d7 dTdfHd ddt TH^ddl R fdTdT W
material used for construction in this region. It is easy to work on,
7TdT7fT tl
making it conducive for decorative carving.
dftdy % 7T7S7Tdd7 TTd dftdT t tdTFFTd dd fdRd dddTdl *711 dd fddd Rao Jodha, the founder of Jodhpur, built the Mehrangarh Fort
fTRT *dl t fd7 ddR YldT dft 77tdT dft t^l RI TTddTT tl ?7ft fddd% t Tftdt which is so high that one can see the boundaries of the city. It
houses some of the most intricately adorned palaces-the Moti
H5d 7T*7T ^>cd dddT ':tt y-^7 dd 'R 37dffdT 37td7 H5<d tl H6dl dft
Mahal and the Phool Mahal-with exquisitely carved panels and
dfdR 7T«7I RdSfdTdf dttd dd R dcdfM tl
latticed windows.
77d dft*7T % 75^ dd dtdd t 77^ 1485 t dtddt7 d77TdT *711 f77dd Tfd’ Rao Jodha’s sixth son, Bika, found the city of Bikaner in 1485
dd7dduf 37TdTtd ^dTdd dd fdRd t, fdR dTdW 37d7d7 % dd^ A.D. Its outstanding attraction is the Junagarh Fort, build by Rai
'RdTdfd 7F7f77d t fdftd dTTdTdT *711 f77% dTTf dTdl 73T| t d*7T ?77 fdl^ Singh, a general at the Court of Akbar, the Mughal Emperor. It
is encircled by a moat and contains palaces that are beautifully
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embellished by hand carved friezes, pillars and delicate Jali
■R ^?ftfdd tl
screens.
HKRIR % ell'll -I'kI ARtI y IrH 4a<'11H RTFR Ril RKSrI Rdl®{l Jaisalmer, one of the oldest of the three cities of Marwar, was
founded by Rawal Jaisal of the Bhatti dynasty in the twelfth century
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A.D. It is situated directly on the ancient caravan routes that came
mIRRAI TrfRTRT ^ RTRT ^ f%RTf RAT RTAR RRT 3Tt1 RTRl eRimftAi Rhf
from Africa and West Asia to Delhi and Agra. The merchants
AT fTAA tl AR ^imd TRjTg fti eft R%% RFT AT sHtHRl RAT Rflj prospered on trade and built a number of havelis. ‘Haveli’ is a
F^eft A ATR: RTT-AfR AfTRTT TF^ f'l F%ft A ARR fRRRl ATA RA courtyard building in which four or five families live together.
<S H a! 11 o4(m,r^l Tl ‘lei ‘jellRild R>Rf % PelR fRTRT RTAT AT RAT *M<) Sometimes the ground floor was used for meetings with traders or
for commercial purposes and the upper floors as residence for the
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families. Several havelis formed a mohalla, all of whose residents
HUertil RART AT, Prr4 ATR: ART % W AT? ^srRATR % eftn TF^
were of the same caste and followed a similar occupation. The
«tl FA% RRTFRA ARRf Aft F%ft, ReftA fAF RTf F%ft RAT classical example of havelis are the Patwaon ki Haveli, Salim
ATS-JART Aft F^eft tl Singh ki Haveli and Nathumal’s Haveli.
4Ad*U % feel 3 99 ^ tl fR% Aft fRRTTRT FfRlff Aft %RRT AcAT % Jaisalmer’s Fort has ninety-nine bastions. The massive walls of
the fort have been built stone block without using any cementing
RRTFf 3 RATRT ART t, fRRf Atfe 3RfR ATT dydVl Rtf fRTRT ART tl
material.
RTRTJT TTR %A Bharatpur and Deeg
R<0^< TFSAJATAT ATRFR R FtRTT Rid RATA All <HR 1722 t 3hi*1< % <IRI Bharatpur was not a Rajput kingdom, but one dominated by the
Jats. In 1772 A.D. a Jat called Badan Singh was crowned king of
AAfRF tgeffR t RTR f%tF ^fRJA ARpt RT 'tTTR-K TARA ATR RRA 1% Aft
Deeg by Jai Singh II of Amber as a reward for suppressing the
ttA ATT RAT AtfAR fRTRT ATI AIR RAT ATRy % RtRf fATeff ATT fRApR ARR
Jat rebel, Churamun. The Forts at both Deeg and Bharatpur were
fAF t RRRTRT AT RAT ARAfAF % 'JR TJTAAeT t ttA A RFRfl RR fRRW built by Badan Singh, and it was Suraj Mai, Badan Singh’s son,
RTTRTRT ATI t AFRT Rt ■gRRT-RSJTRf % #R Atet M^t ArAT RAT A%F who built the palaces at Deeg. The palaces are built of pale cream
sandstone and white marble and are set in large formal Mughal
■HMHTAT ^ RRTR; RR ?tl fR§JR fR RFcf Rrft 'RRRRTT RRT RRf^RRT R7t
gardens. They are ranked by some scholars as next to Taj Mahal
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in beauty and symmetry.
RTRTWRt 4fldl«*0 3ftR) TFRRR RfTRFRt tf RRR Rft RTTSRt tl RSlPn 'fR The eighteenth century A.D. saw the decline of various Rajput
RReT t RRR fRRpR ttRT TFT, RR7 RRft Rftt ^teflJld fRRRR «jPR‘|1r< kingdoms. Though building continued but there was little stylistic
development. Quarrels over succession made these States
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vulnerable to attack by the Marathas and Muslims. Meanwhile,
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the British were expanding their dominion in India. Between 1817
RffpR Rt RTRR t 3Tqt R^JtR RtRRlTt*tlRR,1817R 1823 %
and 1823 A.D. several Rajput states, Jaipur, Udaipur, Jaisalmer,
RWT 3ffR7 RTRfejR TFRf, f% RfR^f, RRR’Jf, %RRT%, RtRR%, ^tt. Bikaner, Bundi, Kota, Sirohi and Kishangarh signed treaties with
rRrT, Rultt RRI f%RTRRR t 3ftRt % RTR RTRRT Rpf I RR^ 1947 t the British. In 1947 A.D. when India became independent from
RR RTTR 3fthtf % R,J^ ^ RRdR f3R eft RRt RRR RRcftR RFTRR British rule, the rulers of the Princely States joined the Indian
Union.
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Creative activities for school students and teachers
ft ^rr 3 fro to 24 trIr frorf Rrt tot rto rt toto % frort The 24 pictures provided in this package can be displayed in the
TOrR^i TOTR TO y<n#td RR RRT^ f I FT fRRj' Rif TOT Rc^ TO TOTT RR classroom or any prominent place in the school. The pictures
may be stuck on cardboard with the title and description in
FTRR RfHRT ctstt fro % Rt# fron rrt -gro Irrto #r wnk tor # Rt
regional languages. It can also be studied indepth with activities
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that bring out the educational value of Indian art. The teachers
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can work with a few pictures at a time ensuring ‘students’
TORfRR ffl TORIRTOIR <qt Rf# qp^ R^ Jifdfdfferzff 3 tJTRf R?t flpHPdd
enjoyment in learning by involving them in some activities
RR frof to rr# rr tor# ti ft# to# r# rtr # tor-tor totrr
suggested below :
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In a large outline map of India, mark the sites of various forts,
RTF# #3T3Tt' RT# TO % R# TORR % HHlRR R# #f RRT TOT# #RT #T
palaces and havelis of our country. Find out the location of the
fRfroR gnf, rf# rrt frI/h# % tottr! r# 3ff#R r#i
forts and palaces and havelis given in this package.
■aR % ^lT RRT HFcll RTT RTtRRR RR TORI PtrWt RRRT# qi# TTRTRTt # Make a study of the forts and palaces in India and collect information
R# # RHR>k1 H+BlR R#| T-HKRj % fRRfal RTRR RRT R#RR RR #f of the kings, emperors who built these forts and palaces. Find out
RRT RTTOfl F#' # TORfRR PHHPdPyd fRRRf #T R# # #t RMRI# TJ^rfRcT the dates of these monuments and the purpose for which they
R# i were used. Collect the following information :
— Climate of the location of the building.
— TOR % #R fcjJplq R# TORRFJI
— Natural surroundings, rivers, mountain range and the flora
— TOffR, R#t, #F-qt# rrt q#t
and fauna.
— FT Pr>ci) R# RRT# Rl<# RRT TO*-) <F# Rl<# crttR RRT TOTRR oqocHN
— People, who built and lived in these forts, their occupation,
3TTfqi
etc.
— TOT RRcl RR TOTtR, •JRT, RTRRT, Rficq RxRI 3TTf#l — Music, dance, drama, craft, etc. of the period.
- #R fR#R #T #cft-#RRT, #tRf#RT RTRT#, RqtFR TtfR-fTORtl — Customs, festivals celebrated in the region and the myths
associated.
Tp TO TOTTOt % froP RiP ~^3 RR FT% pTO-fRR RTO^I
Make a sketch/rough outline of the monuments from the pictures
R^RRiTeT % RTfRRl/ffcIFRTRFRf/RTOTRiRp 'P FT ^%Rp R RRf TORp RR
provided in the cultural package.
TORRiP' RiP ^RT RRT ^ RTpR F^P TOfTO ^RpRp RRT TRRTOP RiP fTOR RR
The forts, palaces and havelis mentioned in this package were
TOpiS TJXT ’I''1 TOT ^RTRp TO TORTOf Rip HR)Bid RR RR^P' RffpR FT TOTRf RiT
visited by a number of travellers/historians/artists in the medieval
■^PhPto toPr rri totrP % rtr % rtotto ^p RRfroi
period of Indian history and these people have left a vivid and
pRfror to! rPP tototPr rPrrt rr sterrr rr rrrPP ftoto rtot ^P' interesting account of these monuments including the drawings/
sketches. Collect such travelogues/memoirs/sketches. Notice
RTOTRTR tell fro I 'EF. RT RiT^R RiT fRR ^RR RRI RR RTr4
interesting details in these travelogues such as the style of
fPTOfRRTf RRI RTOTRf RiP RTOJRRR % fRRTO RiP Rp TOTpRI
description, pronunciation of places and the surrounding areas of
RlW* TOTOT RFiP TrTOTRT monuments of that period.
RRp RR? RiT RRT TfP R^RR TOfcTT f pRi RTpR ^6d< TO TTR^P ^fpRR fTOI FT Collect and study the various ground plans of different forts and
RRP RRp RR RTTO TiR, ^ fRi STATOR RRT R«TO, RlR: ^fTOTPPTO, 3Rf«pRi, find out the similarities. Similar studies of ground plans can also
be made of your school, home or college showing windows, doors
TOT^pRRi 3pk RF RRi pRi RpRppRTRi RiTTRlP tP TOT-^Rp ^ fTOTO TTOTT 't'l
Ri^ riWri PPPr-PPrtr to tokPp RTffe ^rfR tP ^ RT®rr ^ rPPrr and other architectural details.
Understanding Religious Concepts
% 3RRR RiP °RRd RRp fll RTR: TO RTOT % RTppRi pRTORTt P 3RTp TO
% RiF^RiiPf, gf^rorf to Pr^torP RiP rrtPrr Prrtt ti ftP Rtor rtoPrPP' All religions aim at helping us to lead better and richer lives. The
outward manifestations of religion such as rituals, customs differ
■p TOT Rp Tp TTRpRR PtoPr RcPpRiP RR fTpTOT RRp ^ TRRRiP RPP
from one another for historical, economic, political and even geo¬
TRFTT RPP ^1
physical reasons. Many religious rituals and ceremonies are linked
STaRTRRRM 3TRp UTRp' RiP TOR % RTpRp TO pRpTOT TO? RR 3TTORR with the annual agricultural cycle and celebrations of life. Religious
RRp RiP Rip'l RTR # TOTp Pr\, '4fe, ^RT^, ?KdlH, ipR RRT PPTO TOpR TO beliefs have influenced the architects, sculptors and painters of the
by-gone era to create beautiful monuments using specific symbols
Rp Pi RTp Pf RTRRRpP gRlP Pi PTO PP 4ipl
and motifs pertaining to each religion.
ctK^txni R RRR RK % Rf R R^ftl tat f I Invite your students to study the religions and people of India and
R«R tRRT Rft f^nsif ^ 133 RtfaR RH Rt R^k f, fRR% collect information on each religion such as Hinduism, Buddhism,
Christianity, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and others.
R1* 3 R^t-R^t Rjtf ^ Rffl ^R f| ^T Rff 3 wj#R RT RRT
slH^*t RT®? ^("4 R h<> 5'il 3rifq R scrtrl<9 STidl T?l Ancient texts on architecture describe a variety of forts. Durg or
fort is a fortified building which many times encompasses whole
RR^ 3TR % fsff^R Rf R Rfk W>ff #g RT ^fatfRR RTR 3R1PR cities within its walls. In these texts, there is mention of land, hill,
fedl R RTR t RRT R# sfo fRfa Rt RFRitrll % $fd^l-H cTR WR water or island and also forest and desert forts.
R>K % rT % ST^R-T ^ R#|
Students can be taken on educational tours to nearby forts or
asked to study the history of architecture of a specific region.
^T % fkfRt RTf fT«TT ReTt % Q.ld^lRrl'^h f^RTO R RFf-ijtRT RR
Conduct a Project on the historical development of forts and
rT cT^TT H5<rll Rt MW dxrll ^ qfkfRT dd>dldil 5fl«0 Rt jTjFdR ddiq
palaces in our country.
rt Rrk toi sr«t kt %}#', Rf, wfte, rrr, gir Rf^i
Make a booklet of the terms associated with the architecture
^t ^ fkfRr Rf r' Reft % twi % Rt rt RTRTtt urIr rt
of forts and palaces with their meaning. Some terms like turret
Rrt% Pqqd "4 <*>Sldl fkl<s! I design, elevation, battlement, rampart, parapet, etc. can be
included.
=bcrHdi Rt' fR 3R rt*RRTeT % rtklrt fRrtt «|| ftrtfrt k
Find out all that you can know about the names of different forts
wrwi, ^iitid, cr«rr rrrtt % ri k' Rrt RtcR % Rt k' fknii
and palaces of our country and write a story how these were
fo# ^f R Red frtqfrt ^ rTr RrtT Rt R RR fRtrt % rtrttrt % named.
rtrt-rtrt ^ Hlcichld RT W Rtl Imagine you lived in the fort in the medieval times and describe
your life as an architect, emperor, common man.
frtfrtR Rf, rtRTf rtR ^RrT Rt rt#t Reft RT ijfeiR ^Rt Rt, fRTrtf
rtrtk RpR rtrtt RRTRf Rpd rttl R Rrtf % feTTT 3TR ff%R if fR R Dramatise the events involved in the construction of the fort or a
palace and enrich with music of the period.
fRf R rtt RfrtTR Rt rtR^ tl
Make a scrap book displaying different forts, palaces and havelis
Rrttrt RrtRf if it Rf R rtlrtff % dk Rk-RTlft cd«TT ^PdddT R
with important descriptions. You may choose pictures from this
RJ6 Rtl package also.
frtfrtR «Nf‘ Rt RTrtR RedI ^ RfRT 33^|dl' % Ri| cTR fR R^kd Collect references/quotations from ancient books on forts and
Rt'l palaces.
^T k' RT '^’f, Red cT«dT I^lRTT RR^ TRT3Tf' R RTf % dk Collect pictures and references of the rituals connected with the
architecture in different regions.
RTfRf fRi'l
Write stories of important dynasties, emperors who built beautiful
3Tqk ^T % farfRT fRdk' R 3TRR R R#' kPk ^ R Rt %
forts, palaces and havelis in our country.
3TRR RftRg; R^ :
Conduct a study of various forts in our country and categorize
3RfR these monuments as per the following :
#qfa fff Natural Fort
Hd1 Island Fort
Desert Fort
Mountain Fort
RTZ ,qfk R^ ^fl
Land Fort
.•a
CENTRE FOR CULTURAL RESOURCES AND TRAINING
15-A, Sector-7, Dwarka, New Delhi -110 075
Phone : [phone], Fax : [phone]
email : [email protected]
website : www.ccrtindia.gov.in
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3ddTftdT sfk gfe td ft fdfftd tl
fedTdTdTsft dft fe Tfe. fdd^ dTFT ft dfe ddf d fe Tfel STfelftdT
2. ^flyi d^ee, 3TTitT dCT fcbcdl, dRdjr, TT3TT2TFT
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7. ftsiHdd fdTeTT, femTJT, TMWIM
ftfft ftr ftft t dan Tjdft dd dfftl % fedTI dd ftfft ft tt ftftl
11. Fife ftfed, dfefe^T, TNfyn
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d3dT an, tt ddddlt ftdRl t dddTdT 3TRRH til
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drofel f ti
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