Formation of the Turkish Nation-State, 1920–1938 PDF
Preview Formation of the Turkish Nation-State, 1920–1938
Formation of the Turkish Nation-State, 1920–1938 This page intentionally left blank Formation of the Turkish Nation-State, 1920–1938 Yeşim Bayar ISBN 978-1-137-38452-2 ISBN 978-1-137-38453-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137384539 FORMATION OF THE TURKISH NATION-STATE, 1920–1938 Copyright © Yeşim Bayar, 2014. All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above compa- nies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. E-ISBN: 978-1-137-38453-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bayar, Yes¸im. Formation of the Turkish nation-state, 1920–1938 / by Yes¸im Bayar. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-137-38452-2 (hardback : alkaline paper) 1. Turkey—Politics and government—1918–1960. 2. Nation- building—Turkey—History—20th century. 3. Nationalism— Turkey—History—20th century. 4. Kemalism—History—20th century. 5. Elite (Social sciences)—Turkey—Political activity— History—20th century. 6. Language policy—Turkey—History— 20th century. 7. Education and state—Turkey—History—20th century. 8. Citizenship—Turkey—History—20th century. I. Title. DR590.B374 2014 956.1’024—dc23 2013047546 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by SPi Global. First edition: June 2014 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Dilek, Sezai, Ayşem, and Patrick This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 2 The Ottoman Empire and the Road to the Republic 15 3 The Politics of Language and Building the Nation 37 4 The Politics of Education and Building the Nation 73 5 The Politics of Citizenship and Building the Nation 107 6 Conclusion 145 Appendix: Selected Biographies 155 Notes 165 References 179 Index 193 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments This book is based on my PhD dissertation. At the Department of Sociology, McGill University, I found a home not only to see my proj- ect to its completion but also to teach and to be involved in a number of research projects. For giving me the opportunity to teach and learn from my students I would especially like to thank Michael Smith, Morton Weinfeld and Suzanne Staggenborg. My research took place at two archives in Turkey. I want to thank the staff at the Prime Ministerial Republican Archives and the Turkish Grand National Assembly Library and Archives for their patience and help. I am especially indebted to Engin Keleş who supplied me with much-needed assistance on short notice. I was fortunate enough to receive (cid:31)na ncial support for the research from the J. W. McConnell Fellowship, Max Binz Fellowship, Max Stern Recruitment Fellowship, the Research Group on Ethnic Con(cid:30)ic t and Human Rights, and the Department of Sociology at McGill University. In the course of the project I became indebted to a large number of friends and colleagues. For their advice and criticisms on earlier ver- sions of this work I wish to thank Matthew Lange, Brendan O’Leary, Liliana Riga, and James Ron. Monica Ringer and Berna Turam gave me the opportunity to present parts of this work at their workshop at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. I would like to thank them and the participants at the workshop for their invaluable feedback. I owe much gratitude to Berna Turam who, in more ways than I can account for here, helped me throughout. She generously devoted her time to read almost every page of my work, and gave me much- appreciated advice. I also thank her for the opportunity I had to give lectures to her students in İstanbul and Bodrum. She has been a most thoughtful and kind friend to me, always pushing me forward and inspiring me with her passion for debate and intellectual curiosity. For those, I cannot thank her enough. Montreal turned out to be a very special place for me. Not only did I go through the arduous process of graduate studies here, but I was fortunate enough to meet amazing friends and colleagues. For her great sense of humor and her infectious love for life I thank Manal
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