Luminos is the Open Access monograph publishing program from UC Press. Luminos provides a framework for preserving and reinvigorating monograph publishing for the future and increases the reach and visibility of important scholarly work. Titles p ublished in the UC Press Luminos model are published with the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as those in our traditional program. www.luminosoa.org ISLAMIC HUMANITIES Series Editor: Shahzad Bashir Publication of this Luminos Open Access Series is made possible by the Islam and the Humanities Project of the Program in Middle East Studies at Brown University. 1. F orging the Ideal Educated Girl: The Production of Desirable Subjects in Muslim South Asia, by Shenila Khoja-Moolji Forging the Ideal Educated Girl Forging the Ideal Educated Girl The Production of Desirable Subjects in Muslim South Asia Shenila Khoja-Moolji UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California © 2018 by Shenila Khoja-Moolji Suggested citation: Khoja-Moolji, S. Forging the Ideal E ducated Girl: The Production of Desirable Subjects in Muslim South Asia. Oakland: University of California Press, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/luminos.52 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons [CC-BY-NC-ND] license. To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Khoja-Moolji, Shenila, author. Title: Forging the ideal educated girl : the production of desirable subjects in Muslim South Asia / Shenila Khoja-Moolji. Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, [2017] | Series: Islamic humanities ; 1 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2018000776 (print) | LCCN 2018005177 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520970533 () | ISBN 9780520298408 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Muslim women —Education—South Asia. | Muslim women—South Asia. | Women—South Asia—Social conditions. Classification: LCC LC2410.5 (ebook) | LCC LC2410.5 .K56 2017 (print) | DDC 370.8422—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018000776 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For my beloved MHI Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi 1. Girls’ Education as a Unifying Discourse 1 2. Forging Sharif Subjects 23 3. Desirable and Failed Citizen-Subjects 60 4. The Empowered Girl 97 5. Akbari and Asghari Reappear 124 6. Tracing Storylines 145 Notes 159 Bibliography 181 Index 195