Forests, Trees and Agroforestry

338 Pages·2011·5 MB·English

CGIAR Research Program 6
Forests, Trees and Agroforestry:
Livelihoods, Landscapes and Governance
Proposal
February 2011

CGIAR Research Program 6

Forests, Trees and Agroforestry:
Livelihoods, Landscapes and Governance

Proposal

February 2011

Table of Contents

Abbreviations vi
Acknowledgements xvi
Executive Summary xvii
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Setting the scene 1
1.2 Conceptual framework 7
1.3 The challenges 10
1.4 Vision of success 15
1.5 Strategy for impact 17
1.6 Innovation 20
1.7 Comparative advantage of CGIAR centers in leading this effort 22
1.8 Proposal road map 23
2. Research Portfolio 25
2.1 Component 1: Smallholder production systems and markets 28
2.2 Component 2: Management and conservation of forest and tree resources 60
2.3 Component 3: Landscape management for environmental services,
biodiversity conservation and livelihoods 91
2.4 Component 4: Climate change adaptation and mitigation 120
2.5 Component 5: Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people 160
3. Cross-cutting Themes 189
3.1 Gender 189
3.2 Partnerships 200
3.3 Capacity strengthening 208
4. Program Support 215
4.1 Communications and knowledge sharing in CRP6 215
4.2 Monitoring and evaluation for impact 224
4.3 Program management 230
5. Budget 241
5.1 Overview 241
5.2 Assumptions and basis of projections 243
5.3 Composition 247
5.4 Resource allocation 248
Annexes 251
Annex 1. Descriptions of CGIAR centers 251
Annex 2. Consultation process 253
Annex 3. Linkages with other CRPs 255
Annex 4. Sentinel landscapes 262
Annex 5. Assumptions and evidence used to develop 10-year impact projections 274
Annex 6 Statements of Support 279
Annex 7. Inception milestones 291
Annex 8. Budget detail 292
List of figures, tables and boxes

Figures
2.1 CRP6 components along the forest and land use transition curve 25
2.2 Impact pathways for Component 1 54
2.3 Impact pathways for Component 2 85
2.4 Driver–state–response framework 95
2.5 Impact pathways for Component 3 114
2.6. Ecosystem-based mitigation opportunities in terms of Carbon Biomass
density and deforestation 124
2.7 Adaptation needs: The climate poverty density index 124
2.8 Articulation of the three foci in Component 4 126
2.9 The areas most affected by drought and flood, in terms of
mortality or economic losses 127
2.10 Impact pathways for Component 4 145
2.11 Links between Component 4 and the other components of CRP6 155
2.12 Links between Component 4 and CRP7 157
2.13 International trade in tropical wood (2008) 162
2.14 Impact pathways for Component 5 183
3.1 Illustrative impact pathways for addressing gender issues through
research and action 199
4.1 Knowledge sharing for impact 216
4.2 Organizational chart for CRP6 232
5.1 CRP6 budget allocation by center 242
5.2 Regional distribution of the budget 243
5.3 CRP6 budget 2011, 2012 and 2013 245
5.4 Comparison between “business as usual” and “what-it-takes” CRP6 budgets 247
A2.1 Number of words of feedback and number of respondents per component 253

Tables
2.1 Illustrative list of policy and knowledge-sharing partners for Component 1 58
2.2 Illustrative list of policy and knowledge-sharing partners for Component 2 89
2.3 Illustrative list of policy and knowledge-sharing partners for Component 3 118
2.4 Illustrative list of policy and knowledge-sharing partners for Component 4 152
2.5 Links between Component 4 and CRP7 158
2.6 List of selected countries by region 169
2.7 Illustrative list of policy and knowledge-sharing partners for Component 5 186
3.1 Consideration of gender differentials and equality across the research
components 192
3.2 Synergies between CRP6 components and themes and FORDA’s RPI 203
3.3 Illustrative list of potential partners for CRP6 205
3.4 CRP6 capacity-strengthening outputs, outcomes and impacts 212
4.1 Summary of risks facing CRP6 229
5.1 Main budget components for the first three years of CRP6 (2011-2013) 241
5.2 “What it takes” budgets for 2012 and 2013 246
A8.1 Consolidated CRP6 Budget for years 2011–2013 by Component 292
A8.2 Consolidated CRP6 Budget for years 2011-2013 by Center 293
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A8.3 Consolidated CRP6 Component 1 budget for years 2011-2013 294
A8.4 Consolidated CRP6 Component 2 budget for years 2011-2013 295
A8.5 Consolidated CRP6 Component 3 budget for years 2011-2013 296
A8.6 Consolidated CRP6 Component 4 budget for years 2011-2013 297
A8.7 Consolidated CRP6 Component 5 budget for years 2011-2013 298
A8.8 Consolidated CRP6 budgets by Center for 2011 299
A8.9 CRP6 budgets by Natural Classification for years 2011-2013 300
A8.10 Bioversity CRP6 budget for years 2011-2013 301
A8.11 CIAT CRP6 budget for years 2011-2013 302
A8.12 CIFOR CRP6 budget for years 2011-2013 303
A8.13 World Agroforestry CRP6 budget for years 2011-2013 304
A8.14 Program Co-ordination and Communications budget for CRP6 years 2011-2013 305
A8.15 Sentinel Landscapes budget for CRP6 years 2011-2013 306
A8.16 “What it takes” CRP6 budgets for years 2012-2013 307
A8.17 CRP6 Scientific projections for “what it takes” by Center, years 2012-2013 308

Boxes
2.1 Example of potential impact: The Novella Africa Initiative to upscale
smallholder production and incomes from Allanblackia 52
2.2 Developing a global strategy for the conservation and use of cocoa genetic
resources 71
2.3 The benefits of better managed production forests 84
2.4 Payments and rewards for environmental services 103
2.5 CIFOR and World Agroforestry Centre landscape research methodologies 104
2.6 Examples of potential impacts of Component 3 115
2.7 Tenure in Component 4 121
2.8 Broad hypotheses underpinning Component 4 research 125
2.9 Example of methods: Emissions associated with peatland conversion in
Jambi, Indonesia 130
2.10 The role of biofuels in adaptation and mitigation 140
2.11 Climate change mitigation: A quantified impact example 146
2.12 Contribution of adaptation funding to local livelihoods 147
2.13 Example of partnerships (and the role of partners in impact pathways):
The CCB standards 153
2.14 Financial sector reform to reduce forest crime 165
2.15 Advocacy influences on pulp and paper industry practices 182
2.16 Illustrative expected outcomes related to illegal logging and timber markets 184
3.1 Gender-responsive participatory research 194
3.2 Anatomy of a gender-based research and action partnership in Uganda 195
3.3 Impact pathways: An illustration from Uganda 197
3.4 Types of partners 201
3.5 Forestry research capacity building in the DRC 209
3.6 Filling capacity gaps in the management of forest genetic resources 210
3.7 Mainstreaming agroforestry into agriculture and natural resources training 211
4.1 A modern research conference: A marriage of the old and the new 218
A2.1 Current long-term landscape-scale sites or networks where CRP6 centers are
already working, and which could be candidate sites for a future CRP6 Sentinel
Landscape network 268
A2.2 Questions to be addressed at the proposed CRP sentinel landscapes
network conceptual and design workshop 273
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Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank
AERC African Economic Research Consortium
AF Kyoto Protocol Adaptation Fund
AFAWI Alliance for African Women Initiative
AfDB African Development Bank
AFF African Forest Forum
AFOLU Agriculture, forestry and land use
AFORNET African Forest Research Network
AFP Asia Forest Partnership
AFTP Agroforestry tree product
AfSIS African Soil Information Service
AGRA Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa
AGTER Améliorer la gouvernance de la terre, de l’eau et des ressources
naturelles
AIT Asian Institute of Technology
ANAFE African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural Resources
Education
ANAFOR National Forestry Development Agency (Cameroon)
APAFRI Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions
APFORGEN Asia Pacific Forest Genetic Resources Programme
ARI Advanced research institute
ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and
Central Africa
AU African Union
AU-NEPAD African Union, New Partnership for Africa’s Development
BACI Before–after, control–impact
BAU Business as usual
BFW Austrian Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural
Hazards and Landscape
BIC Bank Information Center
BNDES Brazilian Development Bank
BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, China
C Carbon
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CAAS Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
CAF Chinese Academy of Forestry
CAMCORE Central American and Mexico Coniferous Resources Cooperative
CAN Andean Community of Nations
CANGIS CacaoNet Germplasm Information System
CARPE Central African Regional Program for the Environment
CATIE Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Center
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CBFE Community-based forest enterprise
CBFP Congo Basin Forest Partnership
CBO Community-based organization
CCBA Climate, Community and Carbon Alliance
CCI Cocoa Coconut Institute (PNG)
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CEB Council of Europe Development Bank
CEDLA Center for Latin American Research and Documentation
CEEAC Economic Community of Central African States
CEESP IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy
CENAREST National Center for Scientific and Technologic Research (Gabon)
CEPLAC Comissão Executiva de Planejamento da Lavoura Cacaueira (Brazil)
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CI Conservation International
CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture
CICY Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán
CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research
CILSS Comité Permanent Inter-etats pour la Lutte Contre la Sécheresse au
Sahel (Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the
Sahel)
CIRAD Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le
développement (Centre for International Cooperation on Agricultural
Research for Development)
CIT Component implementation team
CMIA Carbon Markets Investment Association
CNRA Centre National de Recherche Agronomique, Ivory Coast
CO Carbon dioxide
2
CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent
2
vii
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
COMIFAC Central African Forest Commission
COMTRADE UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database
COP Conference of the Parties
CORAF Conférence de responsables de recherche agronomique africains
CORPOICA Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria
COSA Committee on Sustainability Assessment (UNCTAD)
CPF Collaborative Partnership on Forests
CRC Collaborating research center
CRES Compensation and rewards for environmental services
CRI Coconut Research Institute
CRIG Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana
CRP CGIAR Research Program
CRP6 CGIAR Research Program 6, Forests and Trees and Agroforestry:
Livelihoods, Landscapes and Governance
CRP7 CGIAR Research Program 7, Agriculture and Climate Change
CRREA Centre Regional de Recherches Environnementales et Agricoles
(Burkina Faso)
CSF Borneo Center for Social Forestry (Indonesia)
CSF Conservation Strategy Fund (Latin America)
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
CSO Civil society organization
CTFS Center for Tropical Forest Science
DFID Department for International Development (United Kingdom)
DNA Designated national authority
DNDC DeNitrification-DeComposition
DOE Designated operational entity
EAC Environmental Audit Committee
EBA Ecosystem-based adaptation
EC European Commission
ECA Ecosystems Climate Alliance
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EFI European Forest Institute
EIB European Investment Bank
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