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Forest Plans of North America Forest Plans of North America Edited by Jacek P. Siry Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Pete Bettinger Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Krista Merry Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Donald L. Grebner Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA Kevin Boston Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Christopher Cieszewski Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA AMSTERDAM (cid:127) BOSTON (cid:127) HEIDELBERG (cid:127) LONDON NEW YORK (cid:127) OXFORD (cid:127) PARIS (cid:127) SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO (cid:127) SINGAPORE (cid:127) SYDNEY (cid:127) TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-799936-4 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at store.elsevier.com Cover image: Photograph provided by M. Huntsman. View of Summit Lake from Capitol State Forest, Washington, USA. Printed and bound in the United States 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Mark S. Andre City of Arcata, Arcata, California, USA Chris Cieszewski Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Steve Andringa Yakama Nation Forestry, Toppenish, Washington, USA J. Javier Corral-Rivas Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Mark S. Ashton Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Durango, Mexico Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Jeff Barkley Wisconsin County Forests Association, Alex Cousins Trinity County Resource Conservation Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA District, Weaverville, California, USA Alex L. Barrett Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Kristofer Covey Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Greg Bentley Campbell Global, Forest and Natural Resources Kevin Crowe Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Investments, Mississippi, USA Canada Pete Bettinger Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Tamara L. Cushing Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Resources and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Bud Bigelow Weyerhaeuser Company, Timberlands Strategic Planning, Federal Way, Washington, USA Scott Danskin South Carolina Forestry Commission, Wedgefield, South Carolina, USA Gerardo Bocco Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Barry Davidson Westwind Forest Stewardship Inc., Parry Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico Sound, Ontario, Canada Jason Bodine Bayfield County Forestry and Parks Adam Davis DPW Environmental Division, Fort Department, Washburn, Wisconsin, USA Wainwright, Alaska, USA Kevin Bollefer Revelstoke Community Forest Corporation, Liane Davis The Nature Conservancy, Astoria, Oregon, Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada USA Kevin Boston Department of Forest Engineering, Resources Brian Davis Sand Hills State Forest, South Carolina and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Forestry Commission, Patrick, South Carolina, USA Oregon, USA Héctor M. de los Santos-Posadas Colegio de Javier L. Bretado-Velázquez Universidad Juárez del Postgraduados, Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales, Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico Angus Brodie Washington Department of Natural Mehmet Demirci Forest Management and Planning Resources, Olympia, Washington, USA Department, General Directorate of Forestry, Ministry Cam Brown Forsite Consultants Ltd., Salmon Arm, of Forest and Water Affairs, Ankara, Turkey British Columbia, Canada Duane Dippon Bureau of Land Management, Paul Casey Northern Forest Land Management Research Department of the Interior, Washington, District of and Demonstration Program, Umbagog National Columbia, USA Wildlife Refuge, Errol, New Hampshire, USA Ian Drew Northern Forest Land Management Research Juan Manuel Cassian-Santos Col. Periferia, Durango, and Demonstration Program, Umbagog National Mexico Wildlife Refuge, Errol, New Hampshire, USA Cathy Chauvin Washington Department of Natural Marlyse C. Duguid Yale School of Forestry and Resources, Olympia, Washington, USA Environ mental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, USA xiii xiv Contributors Helge Eng California Department of Forestry and Fire Anna M. Klepacka Department of Production Protection, Sacramento, California, USA Management and Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Robert A. Ewing Weyerhaeuser Company, Timberlands Strategic Planning, Federal Way, Washington, USA Dave Knight Sakâw Askiy Management Inc., Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada Peter Farrell New England Forestry Consultants, Inc., Alton, New Hampshire, USA Steven Koehn USDA Forest Service, Washington, District Sean Flint Northern Forest Land Management Research of Columbia, USA and Demonstration Program, Umbagog National Tom Kollasch The Nature Conservancy, Astoria, Oregon, Wildlife Refuge, Errol, New Hampshire, USA USA David Foster Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Jeremy Koslowski Polk County Forestry Department, Petersham, Massachusetts, USA Balsam Lake, Wisconsin, USA Patrick Frost Shasta College-Trinity Campus, Weaverville, Venkatesh Kumar Weyerhaeuser Company, Timberlands California, USA Strategic Planning, Federal Way, Washington, USA Felipe Aguilar Gómez Comunidad Indígena de Nuevo San Thomas LaPointe Northern Forest Land Management Juan Parangaricutiro, Municipio de Nuevo San Juan, Research and Demonstration Program, Umbagog Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, Mexico National Wildlife Refuge, Errol, New Hampshire, Donald L. Grebner Department of Forestry, Mississippi USA State, Mississippi, USA Kerry Livengood Tennessee Division of Forestry, Oliver Grimm Pike Lumber Company, Akron, Indiana, Nashville, Tennessee, USA USA Héctor M. Loera-Gallegos Universidad Juárez del Estado Anne Hairston-Strang Maryland Department of de Durango, Durango, Mexico Natural Resources, Forest Service, Annapolis, Adolfo Chavez Lopez Comunidad Indígena de Nuevo Maryland, USA San Juan Parangaricutiro, Municipio de Nuevo San Jim Hawkins Green Diamond Resource Company, Korbel, Juan, Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, California, USA Mexico Kirsten Held Wisconsin Department of Natural Resour- Pat Mackasey Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry ces, Madison, Wisconsin, USA of Environment, Forest Service, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada J. Ciro Hernández-Díaz Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado Gretchen Marshall LEAF Program, University of de Durango, Durango, Mexico Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Wisconsin Center for Environmental Education, Wisconsin, USA Chris Hoffman Ashland County Forestry Department, Butternut, Wisconsin, USA Norris Mattox Sessoms Timber Trust, Homerville, Georgia, USA William Hunter U.S. Marine Corps, Hampstead, North Carolina, USA Erika Mavity Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest, Gainesville, Georgia, USA Bob Izlar Center for Forest Business, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Heather McPherson Washington Department of Natural Athens, Georgia, USA Resources, Olympia, Washington, USA Gary W. Johnson Blue Ridge Parkway, Asheville, North John Paul McTague Rayonier, Inc., Yulee, Florida, USA Carolina, USA Krista Merry Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Kenneth Jolly Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, Forest Service, Annapolis, Maryland, USA USA Steven W. Kallesser Gracie & Harrigan Consulting Jose Carlos Monarrez-Gonzalez Instituto Politécnico Foresters, Inc., Far Hills, New Jersey, USA Nacional, CIIDIR Durango, Durango, Mexico Scott Kelly North Coast Forest Conservation Program, Eusebio Montiel-Antuna Universidad Juárez del Estado The Conservation Fund, Caspar, California, USA de Durango, Durango, Mexico Robert Keron Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Scott Mueller Wisconsin Department of Natural Forests Branch, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Contributors xv Ian Munn Department of Forestry, Mississippi State John Sessions College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Mississippi, USA University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Robert Nall Oregon Department of Forestry, Salem, Jane Severt Wisconsin County Forests Association, Oregon, USA Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA Michael Newton College of Forestry, Oregon State Edward W. Shepard Bureau of Land Management, University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Department of the Interior, Newberg, Oregon, USA Abu Nurullah Washington Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, Washington, USA Jacek P. Siry Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, John O’Keefe Harvard Forest, Harvard University, USA Petersham, Massachusetts, USA Kyle M. Smith The Nature Conservancy, Astoria, Oregon, Colleen O’Sullivan Trinity County Resource Conservation USA District, Weaverville, California, USA Jeremy Solin University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Michael J. Oppenheimer Rayonier, Inc., Fernandina Wisconsin Center for Environmental Education, Beach, Florida, USA Wisconsin, USA Aaron Palmer Haileybury, Ontario, Canada José Encarnación Luján Soto Unidad de Prestación de Gustavo Perez-Verdin Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Servicios Ejidales de El Salto Dgo. A. C., Durango, CIIDIR Durango, Durango, Mexico Mexico Markian Petruncio Yakama Nation Forestry, Toppenish, Randy Spyksma Forsite Consultants Ltd., Salmon Arm, Washington, USA British Columbia, Canada Audrey Barker Plotkin Harvard Forest, Harvard Larry Stevens Vilas County Forestry Department, Eagle University, Petersham, Massachusetts, USA River, Wisconsin, USA Dotty S. Porter Sessoms Timber Trust, Homerville, Ron Stevens Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest, Georgia, USA Gainesville, Georgia, USA Kip Powers Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Thomas J. Straka School of Agricultural, Forest, and Forest Service, Salisbury, Maryland, USA Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA Dan Rees DPW Environmental Division, Fort Wainwright, Alaska, USA Sarah Sullivan Tembec, Timmins, Ontario, Canada Don Reimer D.R. Systems Inc., Nanaimo, British Jon Swae City & County of San Francisco Planning Columbia, Canada Department, San Francisco, California, USA Russ Richardson Appalachian Investments, Arnoldsburg, Alejandro Torres Comisión Nacional de Áreas Nacionales West Virginia, USA Protegidas, Andador Vicente Guerrero, Jalpan de Sierra, Querétaro de Arteaga, Mexico Dick Rightmyer Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest, Gainesville, Georgia, USA Juan Manuel Torres-Rojo Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Col. Lomas de Santa Fe, México John Ross John Ross Tree Farm, Savannah, Tennessee, USA DF, Mexico Dan Rouillard Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Yenie Tran Center for Forest Business, Warnell School of Forests Branch, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Gary Rynearson Green Diamond Resource Company, Athens, Georgia, USA Korbel, California, USA J. René Valdez-Lazalde Colegio de Postgraduados, Carlos Antonio López Sánchez Instituto de Silvicultura Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales, Montecillo, Estado de e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado México, Mexico de Durango, Durango, Mexico Laird Van Damme KBM Resources Group, Thunder Bay, James Savage SUNY-ESF Ranger School, Wanakena, Ontario, Canada New York, USA Alejandro Velázquez Centro de Investigaciones en Joseph Schwantes Wisconsin Department of Natural Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USA de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico xvi Contributors Klaus von Gadow Burckhardt Institut, Georg-August Del Williams Revelstoke Community Forest Corporation, University, Göttingen, Germany Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada Robin G. Willhoite United Timber Management William C. Wright Department of Forestry, Mississippi Company, Timpson, Texas, USA State University, Mississippi, USA Preface Forest Plans of North America presents case studies of Alaska (Chapter 46), forests described in this book. The contemporary forest management plans developed for fed- management of small forest properties may be more chal- eral, state, county, and city governments, nongovernmen- lenging because per unit area management costs are likely tal organizations, private individuals, families, indigenous to be higher, it may be more difficult to achieve consistent communities and tribes, the timber industry, investment cash flows to fund a full range of management activities organizations, and other landowners in Canada, Mexico, (if timber production is one of the management objectives), and the United States. The chapters, written mainly by and it also may be more difficult to achieve certain multiple- people who have developed these forest plans, address the use and environmental goals. Conversely, very large forests objectives, constraints, issues, and methods involved in the and their management affect people and environmental con- development of the plans, the outcomes of the plans, and ditions on vast scales, with their own set of management op- relevance to sustainability and unique situations in the man- portunities and constraints. The focus of management also agement of forestlands. Forest Plans of North America of- is much different, from consideration of individual trees or fers forestry students, practitioners, policy makers, and the stands to the consideration of expansive landscapes. The general public an opportunity to greatly improve their ap- impact of forest size on management becomes evident even preciation of forest management, and, more importantly, it before one considers different ownership, management ob- fosters an understanding of the history of certain forests and jectives, guiding laws, regulations, and policies, and even what forces and tools may shape their future development. the type of forest resources that are being managed. In soliciting contributions for Forest Plans of North The result is 48 chapters representing case studies of America, we have contacted the members of the Society of contemporary forest plans developed for a very diverse American Foresters E2 Working Group (Land Use Planning, group of forest owners, followed by the synopsis chapter Organization, and Management). We also used our exten- developed by the editors. Each of the 48 chapters contains sive professional contacts to reach out to a wide range of color photographs, maps, and figures representing a for- forest owners, forest managers, and forestry consultants est managed and the outcomes of planning processes. The with the goal to provide readers with a robust and diverse location of all forests included in the book is illustrated representation of forest owners and their management plans. in Figure 1. To help grasp forest plan settings and condi- Although we have tried to provide a broad representation of tions that they represent, we created a common template forest owners and their management approaches in North for all of the authors to use. Chapter sections include: (1) America, this book is by no means exhaustive. We would Management Setting and Background (overview and his- like to thank chapter authors for their efforts in developing tory of an area, resource statistics, a photograph illustrating their contributions to the book and many others who have the landscape, and an area map), (2) Planning Environment made this book possible. and Methodology (objectives, constraints, methods for de- Given a very broad range of forest owners and their man- veloping a plan, regulatory environment, certification re- agement objectives, ordering the book chapters proved chal- quirements, and organizational policies), (3) Outcomes of lenging. In the end, we have chosen to organize the chapters the Plans (example outcomes and plan direction, perhaps by the five forest size classes presented in Table 1 and then a table with important outcomes), and (4) Discussion and to arrange them alphabetically within these classes. The Conclusions (learning and insights, sustainability issues, size of a forest is, among other considerations, an impor- plan development and implementation challenges, and other tant management characteristic as it determines, to a certain unique issues). Due to space constraints, only the most rel- extent, the forest management opportunities and constraints evant information about the forest plans is presented in the faced by landowners. There are, for example, many different chapters. In several chapters, however, extensive informa- management aims between the smallest, 58 ac Pike Lumber tion about the forest plans can be obtained from the Internet Company’s Sam Little Forest in Indiana (Chapter 4), and sites that are noted, and from other published sources the largest, 17 million acre Tongass National Forest in that have been identified. When available, the relevant xvii xviii Preface reference information is provided at the end of the chapters TABLE 1 Forest property size classes used in Forest Plans in Additional Reading and Resources. of North America The book uses the U.S. customary units (also termed English units) for chapters originating from the United Size Class Property Size in ac States and metric system units for chapters originat- 1. Very small Less than 1,000 ing from Canada and Mexico. Conversions of specific 2. Small From 1,000 to less than 10,000 values between these two unit systems are provided throughout the text. Book tables and figures typically 3. Medium From 10,000 to less than 100,000 use only one unit system. All units used in the book 4. Large From 100,000 to less than 1,000,000 and their conversions to the other system were gathered 5. Very large 1,000,000 and more and presented on the Units Page in the beginning of the book. If, for some reason, chapter authors have used FIGURE 1 Location of forests included in Forest Plans of North America. Preface xix FIGURE 1—CONT’D