Forensic Toxicology: Proceedings of the European Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists

317 Pages·1980·5.975 MB·English

by  J. M. A. Lenihan (auth.), John S. Oliver (eds.)

FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
Forensic
Toxicology
Proceedings of the
European Meeting of the
Intematlonal Association
of Forensic Toxicologists
Edited by John s.Ollver
CROOM HELM LONDON
© 1980 International Association of Forensic Toxicologists
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980
Croom Helm Ltd, 2-10 5t John's Road, London 5W11
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
International Association of Forensic Toxicologists,
European Meeting, Glasgow, 1979
Forensic toxicology
I. Title II. Oliver, John 5
615.9 RA1228
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1480-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1478-3
001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1478-3
BiddIes Ltd, Guildford, Surrey
CONTENTS
Preface 11
1. Traces and Tracers - The Limits of Toxicology: 13
Lenihan, J.M.A.
2. A Rapid 2D TLC Screening Procedure for Drugs in Cases of 17
Acute Drug Overdosage: Hundt, H.K.L., Van der Meer, M.J.
and Clark, E.C.
3. Selection of Methods for Systematic Toxicological Analysis: 26
Mueller, R.K.
4. Immunoassays in Forensic Toxicology: Smith, R.N. 34
5. Insulin Murders: Isolation and Identification by 48
Radioimmunoassay After Several Months of Inhumation:
Heyndrickx, A., Van Peteghem, C., Majelyne, W. and
Timperman, J.
6. Clozapin, a Fatal Case: Kaempe, B., Vesterby, A., 58
Thomson, N.J. and Rosenthal, J.
7. The Detection of Heavy Metals from Biological Material by 60
Gas-liquid-chromatography via the Diethyldithiocarbamates:
Drasch, G., v. Meyer, L., Kauert, G.
8. Determination of 8-methoxypsoralen in Human Serum and Suction 67
Blister Fluid: De Wolff, F.A., Edelbroek, P.M. and Herfst, M.J.
9. Isolation of Drugs from Blood and Tissue Homogenates using 71
Thin Channel Ultrafiltration: Kauert, G., v. Meyer, L.,
Drasch, G. and Schneller, F.
10. Analysis of Autopsy Samples for the Detection of 2,3,7,8- 78
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by High Resolution GC-MS:
Montagna, M., Fornari, A. and Facchetti, S.
11. Rapid Analytical Method for Alcohol in Biological Fluids Using 86
the Alcolmeter AE-Dl: Jones, T.P. and Williams, P.M.
12. Fuel Cell Measurement of Breath/blood Alcohol: 95
Knepil, J. and Fergie, R.
13. Extractive Dialysis: Brandenberger, H. and Bucher, M. 104
14. A Road Traffic Act Drug Screening System - A Survey of 109
Results: Taylor, J.F.
15. TOXicological Determination of Heroin and Morphine in Urine 119
and Blood of Man: Demedts, P., De Clerck, F. and
Heyndrickx, A.
16. Analysis and Disposition of Dextromoramide in Body Fluids: 126
Idowu, R., Caddy, B., Tilstone, W.J. and Thomson, N.C.
Contents
17. GLC and TLC of Some Pethidine-like Narcotics and their 140
Metabolites: Chan, K., Murray, G.R., Plurnpton, K.E. and
Milne, L.
18. The Abuse of Preparations containing Dipipanone and 151
Cyclizine; Analytical Aspects and their Interpretation:
Sheehan, T.M.T., Paterson, S.C., Clarke, J.G.N. and
Minty, P.S.B.
19. A Benzodiazepine Survey of Urine Samples Collected for the 160
Purposes of the Road Traffic Act: Fergie, R.
20. A Specific Method for the Analysis of Buformin in Pre- and 165
Post-mortem Human Material: Groot, G. de, Maes, R.A.A.,
Sangster, B., Heijst, A.N.P. van and Verdonck, L.F.
21. The Comparison of TLC with GLC and GC/MS as well as TLC/GLC 172
as Screening Methods for Synthetic, Chemical Stimulating
Laxatives in Case of Abuse: Faber, D.B. and Kok, R.M.
22. The Screening of Pesticides in Forensic Toxicology: 189
Fysh, R.R.
23. The Relevance of Plasma Paraquat Assays: 204
Widdop, B. and Stewart, M.J.
24. Illicit Methadone - Laboratories in Berlin: 208
Paulig, G.
25. Analytical Estimation of Indomethacin in Plasma by Gas 214
Chromatography - Mass Fragmentography: Yehia, B.M. and
Oliver, J.S.
26. On-line Identification Program of Poisonous and 221
Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Margot, P.
27. Identification of Amphetamine, Mefenorex and Fencanfamin in 235
Three Cases of Doping: de Camargo, E., Horaes, F. and
Silva, O.A.
28. The Detection of Coumarin Anticoagulants in Biological 245
Fluids by Gas Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry:
von Meyer, L., Drasch, G. and Kauert, G.
29. A Simple Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Assay for the Measurement 252
of a New Antiarrhythmic Drug Lorcainide and its Metabolite
Norlorcainide in Plasma: Holt, D.W. and Huggett, A.C.
30. Rapid High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the 259
Measurement of Temazepam in Blood-plasma or Serum:
Huggett, A.C., Storey, G.C.A. and Flanagan, R,J.
31. Mercury Intoxications During Application of Pharmaceutical 268
Preparations: Battista, H,J. Henn, R., schabel, F. and
Berger, H.
32. Experience with EnzymatiC Deproteination in General 272
Toxicological Case Work: Dunnett, N, and Ashton, P.G.
Contents
33. The Analysis of Volatiles in Blood from Fire Fatalities: 279
Anderson, R. and Harland, W.A.
34. Chromatographic Detection of Some Drugs of Toxicological 293
Interest Using a Method for Amphetamine Identification:
Sznelwar, R.B.
35. The Analysis of Blood in Cases of Suspected Solvent Abuse 304
("glue sniffing") with a Review of Results Obtained During
the Period October 1977 to July 1979: Lush, M., Oliver, J.S.
and Watson, J.M.
36. The Detection of Drugs in Greyhound Urine by EMIT and TLC: 314
Eppel, M.L., Oliver, J.S. and Smith, H.
Author Index 320
The Annual European Meeting o/The International
Association 0/ Forensic Toxicologists
Glasgow - August, 1979
PROCEEDINGS
University of GlasRow
Edited by
JOHN S. OLIVER
Department of Forensic Medicine and Science,
university of Glasgow,
Glasgow, G12 800,
Scotland U.K.
11
PREFACE
Forensic toxicology has progressed rapidly and diversified greatly in
recent years. The members of the International Association of Forensic
Toxicologists provide a valuable service through the association's
bulletin. In its pages members hear of new poisons as they are
encountered and the analytical techniques used to deal with them.
There is a wealth of information in the form of case reports which is
used to assist with the interpretation of the results.
Each year the members have the opportunity of meeting in Europe. In
1979 the chosen venue was the University of Glasgow and the meeting
was hosted by the Department of Forensic Medicine and Science.
The department was established by Royal Charter in 1839 within a few
years of the beginning of the modern approach to toxicology. In those
early years the function of the department was to teach forensic
medicine and toxicology. Today the department has become a recognised
centre for the teaching of forensic medicine. The toxicology section
has expanded greatly to provide the best forensic and environmental
toxicology in Scotland. Inorganic analytical facilities are available
for the investigation of metallic poisons by atomic absorption
spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence and
anodic stripping voltametry. Organic analytical toxicology is pursued
using gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography,
immunoassays, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Apart from the
normal research and routine investigations of a toxicological laboratory
the department specialises in the investigation of fire related deaths,
solvent abuse (glue sniffing) and trace element studies in human subjects.
The scientific meeting of the conference was held in the modern
Boyd Orr Building of the University. The topics covered included
screening procedures for drugs, specific drug assays, heavy metal assays,
pesticide and herbicide assays, and volatile pOison detection and
identification. The techniques discussed covered thin layer chrom
atography, gas liquid chromatography, high performance liquid
chromatography, mass spectrometry, radio-immunoassay, enzyme multiplied
immunoassay, the use of fuel cells, atomic absorption spectrometry,
neutron activation analysis, enzyme deproteination and novel extraction
procedures. In addition papers were presented on drug abuse and the
disposition and metabolism of drugs in biological fluids.
This conference report contains the majority of the papers presented.
Editing has been kept to an absolute minimum except where there have
been obvious difficulties with language. In these cases, the aim has
12
been to clarify the text and hopefully retain the author's meaning or
interpretation of the passage.
The acknowledged success of the Glasgow conference was a result of
the willing co-operation and participation of the delegates who attended.
In addition the task of running the conference was facilitated by the
'willing' co-operation of my colleagues and by the generous financial
assistance of industry as represented by British Caledonian Airways
Limited, Laboratory Data Control, Pye Unicam Limited, V.G. Micromass
Limited, Syva, Lion Laboratories Limited, Gilford Instruments Limited
and Novo Enzyme Products Limited.
1. TRACES AND TRACERS THE LIMITS OF TOXICOLOGY
J.M.A. Lenihan
Professor of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow Gl2 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
During the discussion after the opening paper on Wednesday one member
of the audience observed that antimony is not a normal constituent o~
human tissue. In Glasgow this is fighting talk. Our work during the
past twenty five years on the analysis of the human body whether
intact or fragmented has been greatly influenced by the philosophical
approach outlined by the first analytical chemist. This was a man who
lived a long time ago and wrote only one paper. The demand for reprints
was enormous so great indeed that a copy can be found in every hotel
bedroom. The substance of his advice was summarised in one 1ine;-
All flesh is grass (Isaiah Chapter 40 Verse 6)
In this observation he tells us that all the elements found in the
earth's crust and atmosphere are to be found in the body: by implication
he tells us to look for them and measure them an injunction which,
in a Calvinist country, provides a most appropriate task for a large
team of able and energetic chemists and tOXicologists. It is not always
easy to follow Isaiah's instruction. It is part of the cosmologicical
strategy that the chemical elements which make up the material universe
are present in widely differing amounts. It is part of the biological
strategy that biochemical, physiological and toxicological properties
have also been allocated or developed in a very uneven way. Some
substances are needed in large amounts, others in very small amounts.
Some are discarded by the body after one tour of duty; others are so
precious that they are recycled many times.
One of our particular interests in Glasgow is the study of trace
elements, in relation to the impact of the chemical environment on human
health. It is not difficult to define trace elements. Of the ninety
chemical elements which occur in nature, twelve are present in the body
in substantial amounts and have easily recognised functions. The remain
ing seventy-eight can be regarded as trace elements, since they occur at
low concentrations. Only about ten of them are known to be essential for
the nutrition of man, but the list is growing. Fifty years ago there
were only three essential trace elements copper, iodine and