Table Of Content

FORENSIC SCIENCES: GENERAL Proceedings 2002-2011 FFoorreennssiicc SScciieenncceess:: GGeenneerraall American Acad emy of Forensic Sciences Proceedings 2002-p1 ii FFoorreennssiicc SScciieenncceess:: GGeenneerraall iii AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 410 North 21st Street Colorado Springs, CO 80904 www.aafs.org The Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences is an official publication of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) and includes various areas of the forensic sciences such as pathology, toxicology, physical anthropology, psychiatry, odontology, jurisprudence, criminalistics, questioned documents, digital sciences, engineering sciences and other disciplines. The proceedings herein are from the General section for the years 2002 to 2011. As with the Proceedings in which these abstracts were originally published, there is no implication or assertion that the AAFS, any of its sections, or any member of the AAFS have verified the statements and/or conclusions of the abstracts. The views expressed in this publication are not those of the AAFS or individual members. In short, the data and opinions appearing in the abstracts are the responsibility of the individual authors alone. All contents copyright 2002-2011 by the AAFS. Unless stated otherwise, noncommercial reproduction of material contained herein is permitted by the AAFS provided that the copying is faithful to the original. No other reproduction of any form may be done without prior written permission from the AAFS. Printed in the United States of America. iv Preface The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) is a multi-disciplinary professional organization created and maintained to provide leadership in the application of science to the legal system. A premier forensic science organization, its specific objectives are to promote professionalism, integrity, competency and education, and to foster scientific research, improvements in the practice of forensic science, and collaboration within the many fields of forensic science. For sixty-three years, since its founding in 1948, the AAFS has served a distinguished and diverse membership. It comprises eleven different sections representing the broad range of expertise and interest of its members, now numbering over 6200. Included among them are physicians, attorneys, dentists, toxicologists, physical anthropologists, document examiners, psychiatrists, physicists, engineers, criminalists, educators, and digital evidence specialists. Representing all fifty US states, all ten Canadian provinces and 61 other countries from all corners of the world, AAFS members actively practice forensic science. In many cases, AAFS members also teach and conduct research in the field, producing hundreds of refereed publications and books. v The editors express gratitude to the past and present AAFS leadership, especially to the AAFS staff headed by Executive Director Anne Warren, to the AAFS Presidents since 1949, and to our section’s directors and chair persons. Academy Presidents Robert E. Barsley, DDS, JD 2012-13 Douglas H. Ubelaker, PhD 2011-12 Lowell J. Levine, DDS 1980-81 Joseph P. Bono, MA 2010-11 June K. Jones, MS 1979-80 Thomas L. Bohan, PhD, JD 2009-10 Kurt M. Dubowski, PhD 1978-79 Carol E. Henderson, JD 2008-09 B. Edward Whittaker, BS 1977-78 Bruce A. Goldberger, PhD 2007-08 James T. Weston, MD 1976-77 James G. Young, MD 2006-07 Robert J. Joling, JD 1975-76 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD 2005-06 David A. Crown, DCrim 1974-75 Ronald L. Singer, MS 2004-05 Morton F. Mason, PhD 1973-74 Kenneth E. Melson, JD 2003-04 Douglas M. Lucas, MSc, DSc 1972-73 Graham R. Jones, PhD 2002-03 Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD 1971-72 Mary Fran Ernst, BLS 2001-02 Edwin C. Conrad, JD, PhD 1970-71 John D. McDowell, DDS, MS 2000-01 James W. Osterburg, MPA 1969-70 Patricia J. McFeeley, MD 1999-00 Maier I. Tuchler, MD 1968-69 Barry A.J. Fisher, MS, MBA. 1998-99 Charles S. Petty 1967-68 Michael A. Peat, PhD 1997-98 Jack L. Sachs, JD 1966-67 Richard Rosner, MD 1996-97 Robert B. Forney, PhD 1965-66 Haskell M. Pitluck, JD 1995-96 Dwight M. Palmer, MD 1964-65 Steven C. Batterman, PhD 1994-95 Oliver C. Schroeder, Jr., JD 1963-64 Enrico N. Togneri, BA 1993-94 Milton Helpern, MD 1962-63 Marina Stajic, PhD. 1992-93 S.R. Gerber, MD, LLB 1961-62 Homer R. Campbell, Jr., DDS 1991-92 Russel S. Fisher, MD 1960-61 Ellis R. Kerley, PhD. 1990-91 Ordway Hilton, MA 1959-60 Richard C. Froede, MD 1989-90 John F. Williams, BS 1958-59 Richard S. Frank, BS 1988-89 Val B. Satterfield, MD 1957-58 Yale H. Caplan, PhD 1987-88 Alan R. Moritz 1956-57 Don Harper Mills, JD, MD 1986-87 Fred E. Inbau, BS, LLB, 1955-56 Arthur D. Goldman, DMD 1985-86 A.W. Freireich, MD 1954-55 Maureen Casey Owens, AB 1984-85 Louis P. Regan, MD, LLB 1953-54 George E. Gantner, MD 1983-84 R.N. Harger, PhD 1952-53 Anthony Longhetti, BA 1982-83 S.A. Levinson, MD, PhD 1951-52 Joseph H. Davis, MD 1981-82 R.B.H. Gradwohl, MD 1949-51 vi General Board of Directors Representatives and Chairs Director Chair 2011-2012 Robert C. Gaffney, MFS Julie A. Howe, MBA 2010-2011 John E. Gerns, MFS Robert C. Gaffney, MFS, MBA 2009-2010 John E. Gerns, MFS Robert C. Gaffney, MFS, MBA 2008-2009 John E. Gerns, MFS Paul E. Kish, MS 2007-2008 James M. Adcock, PhD Paul E. Kish, MS 2006-2007 James M. Adcock, PhD John E. Gerns, MFS 2005-2006 James M. Adcock, PhD John E. Gerns, MFS 2004-2005 Jon J. Nordby, PhD James M. Adcock, PhD 2003-2004 Jon J. Nordby, PhD James M. Adcock, PhD 2002-2003 Jon J. Nordby, PhD Robert A. Freed, BS 2001-2002 James G. Young, MD Robert A. Freed, BS 2000-2001 James G. Young, MD Jon J. Nordby, PhD 1999-2000 James G. Young, MD Jon J. Nordby, PhD 1998-1999 Robert Thibault, MFS Dawn B. Young, EdD 1997-1998 Robert Thibault, MFS Dawn B. Young, EdD 1996-1997 Robert Thibault, MFS James G. Young, MD 1995-1996 Mary Fran Ernst, BLS James G. Young, MD 1994-1995 Mary Fran Ernst, BLS Robert Thibault, MFS 1993-1994 Mary Fran Ernst, BLS Robert Thibault, MFS 1992-1993 Ronnie B. Harmon, MA Mary Fran Ernst, BLS 1991-1992 Ronnie B. Harmon, MA Mary Fran Ernst, BLS 1990-1991 William F. Berry, MS Ronnie B. Harmon, MA 1989-1990 William F. Berry, MS Zug G. Standing Bear, PhD 1988-1989 William F. Berry, MS Zug G. Standing Bear, PhD 1987-1988 William F. Berry, MS Walter F. Atwood, LLB, BA 1986-1987 Ross C. Bennett, MD William F. Berry, MS 1985-1986 Ross C. Bennett, MD William F. Berry, MS 1984-1985 Ross C. Bennett, MD Thomas T. Puckett, MS 1983-1984 Thomas A. Johnson, DCrim Ross C. Bennett, MD 1982-1983 Thomas A. Johnson, DCrim Ross C. Bennett, MD 1981-1982 Thomas A. Johnson, DCrim Ross C. Bennett, MD 1980-1981 Marshall B. Segal, MD, JD Thomas A. Johnson, DCrim 1979-1980 Marshall B. Segal, MD, JD Thomas A. Johnson, DCrim 1978-1979 Marshall B. Segal, MD, JD Thomas A. Johnson, DCrim vii Table of Contents Index of Title by Year 2011 .................................................................................................................................................................. Index 1 2010 .................................................................................................................................................................. Index 7 2009 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 15 2008 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 21 2007 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 29 2006 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 36 2005 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 41 2004 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 49 2003 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 55 2002 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 59 Index by Presenting Author .............................................................................. Index 59 Proceedings by Year 2011 ...............................................................................................................................................................................1 2010 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 33 2009 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 72 2008 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 96 2007 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 141 2006 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 175 2005 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 202 2004 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 243 2003 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 280 2002 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 305 ix 1977-1978 Marshall B. Segal, MD, JD Evelyn M. Goldstein, BS 1976-1977 Marshall B. Segal, JD, MD Richard P. Crossley, DO 1975-1976 Marshall B. Segal, JD, MD Richard P. Crossley, DO 1974-1975 H.B. Cotnam, MD John R. Hunt, MD 1973-1974 H.B. Cotnam, MD John R. Hunt, MD 1972-1973 H.B. Cotnam, MD Arthur J. Bilek, MSW, BS 1971-1972 John R. Hunt, MD John R. Hunt, MD 1970-1971 John R. Hunt, MD John R. Hunt, MD 1969-1970 John R. Hunt, MD 1968-1969 John R. Hunt, MD 1967-1968 David A. McCandless, LLB Our heartfelt thanks to the Academy Staff for managing the proceedings process that results in the highest standards of quality including Sonya Bynoe, Publications & Website Coordinator; Debbie Crockett, Finance Manager; Sondra Doolittle, Meetings & Exposition Manager; Phyllis Gilliam, Receptionist; Salena Grant, Assistant Meetings Manager; Cheryl Hunter, Membership Coordinator; Nancy Jackson, Director of Development & Accreditation; Tracie McCray, Accounting Assistant; Christie Vigil, Membership Assistant; and Kimberly Wrasse, Executive Assistant. This further acknowledges the excellent work of all our General section’s authors and colleagues worldwide who are willing to share their work for education. Robert C. Gaffney, MFS Julie A. Howe, MBA Prepared by: Laura L. Liptai, PhD1 Engineering Sciences 1 The Executive Committee of The American Academy of Forensic Sciences has directed Laura Liptai, Ph.D. of the Engineering Sciences Section to prepare this volume for publication. viii