Forensic Pathology of Infancy and Childhood PDF
Preview Forensic Pathology of Infancy and Childhood
Forensic Pathology of Infancy and Childhood Kim A. Collins · Roger W. Byard Editors 1 3 Reference Forensic Pathology of Infancy and Childhood Kim A. Collins (cid:129) Roger W. Byard Editors Forensic Pathology of Infancy and Childhood With686Figuresand123Tables Editors KimA.Collins FultonCountyMedicalExaminer’sOffice EmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicine Atlanta,GA,USA RogerW.Byard TheUniversityofAdelaide Adelaide,SouthAustralia,Australia ISBN978-1-61779-402-5 ISBN978-1-61779-403-2(eBook) ISBN978-1-61779-404-9(Printandelectronicbundle) DOI10.1007/978-1-61779-403-2 SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013953866 #SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Coverillustration:RogerW.Byard Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) To David and Dontrell Kim A. Collins To Rene´e and Lucy Roger W. Byard Preface The field of pediatric forensic pathology and medicine has been repeatedly discussed and evaluated in recent years with a number of concerns being raised about the quality of opinions and diagnoses. Although it is easy to define, as the study of injury and disease in children and how this applies to the law, problems havearisenindetermininghowitshouldbetaught,certified,andpracticed.Studies and commentaries that have evaluated the quality of autopsy investigations of childhooddeathshaveoftenidentifiedinadequaciesandomissions. These deficits have been dealt with to some extent by the development of international protocols and codes of practice. However, as the number of cases beinghandledbyindividualinstitutionsmaybelow,full-timespecializedpediatric forensic pathologists may not be employed, leaving other pathologists to take on responsibilityforthesecases.Unfortunately,itisnotalwaysappropriatetoextrap- olatefromadulttopediatricpractice,asanunderstandingoftheeffectsofnormal growth and development are required, in addition to knowledge of the range of sometimesveryraredisordersthatmaymanifestintheyoung,andanawarenessof the type of ancillary testing that is required. The ability to then synthesize and interprettheseresultsisavitalpartofpediatricforensicpractice.Allofthisisnot helpedbythefactthatourunderstandingofanumberofchildhoodentitiesisstill inevolution. Itwasagainstthisbackgroundthatadecisionwastakentoprovideastate-of-the- art text that would cover many facets of the forensic pathology of infancy and childhood,withcontributionsfromexpertsfromawidevarietyofbackgroundsand number of different countries. As the reader will see, the following chapters concentrateoninflictedandaccidentaltraumaintheyounginadditiontocovering theveryvariablemanifestationsofnaturalconditionsresultinginunexpecteddeath from in utero life through to adolescence. The pathological diagnosis of pediatric conditionsis discussed insome detail with additional chaptersdealingwith scene examinations, the biomechanics of injury, toxicological issues, ancillary testing, deathcertification,andexpertevidence. Given the very eclectic and dynamic nature of many areas within pediatric forensic practice, the authors fully realize that not every topic will have been covered.Inadditionsomeauthorsmayhavepresentedinterpretationsandopinions that not all readers will agree with. This is, however, the very foundation of vii viii Preface academicdebatethatissoimportantintheadvancementofknowledge.Itishoped, therefore, that both general and specialist readers will find something of use between the covers of these two volumes that will enhance their daily practice andsoimprovethequalityofthecareofourchildren. KimA.Collins Atlanta,GA,USA RogerW.Byard Adelaide,SouthAustralia,Australia Editors Kim A. Collins Fulton County Medical Examiner’s Office, Emory University SchoolofMedicine,Atlanta,GA,USA Kim A. Collins, MD, is a forensic pathologist at the Fulton County Medical Examiner’s Office, Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, and is Medical Director at LifePoint Organ and Tissue Donation Services for South Carolina. She serves on editorial boards of national and international peer-reviewedjournalsandisasectioneditorforthepathologytextofe-Medicine. Shehasresearchedandpublishedmanuscripts,bookchapters,andtextsintheareas ofautopsyandforensicpathologywithaspecialconcentrationinpediatricforensic pathology. ix
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